Professor Kenneth Ledingham
- Honorary Lecturer (School of Physics & Astronomy)
Publications
2005
McKenna, P. et al. (2005) Broad energy spectrum of laser-accelerated protons for spallation-related physics. Physical Review Letters, 94, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.084801)
2004
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2004) High power laser production of short-lived isotopes for positron emission tomography. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 37(16), pp. 2341-2345. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/37/16/019)
McKenna, P. et al. (2004) Characterization of proton and heavier ion acceleration in ultrahigh-intensity laser interactions with heated target foils. Physical Review E, 70(3), art 036405. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.036405)
Yang, J.M. et al. (2004) Neutron production by fast protons from ultraintense laser- plasma interactions. Journal of Applied Physics, 96(11), pp. 6912-6918. (doi: 10.1063/1.1814421)
Yang, J.M. et al. (2004) Nuclear reactions in copper induced by protons from a petawatt laser-foil interaction. Applied Physics Letters, 84(5), 675 -677. (doi: 10.1063/1.1645314)
Yang, J. et al. (2004) Neutron production by fast protons from ultraintense laser-plasma interactions. Journal of Applied Physics, 96, pp. 6912-6918. (doi: 10.1063/1.1814421)
2003
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2003) Laser-driven photo-transmutation of I-129 - a long-lived nuclear waste product. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 36(18), L79 -L82. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/18/L01)
Ledingham, K.W.D., McKenna, P. and Singhal, R.P. (2003) Applications for nuclear phenomena generated by ultra-intense lasers. Science, 300(5622), 1107 -1111. (doi: 10.1126/science.1080552)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Effect of target heating on ion-induced reactions in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 83, pp. 2763-2765. (doi: 10.1063/1.1616972)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Effect of target heating on ion-induced reactions in high- intensity laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 83(14), 2763 -2765. (doi: 10.1063/1.1616972)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Demonstration of fusion-evaporation and direct-interaction nuclear reactions using high-intensity laser-plasma-accelerated ion beams. Physical Review Letters, 91(7), art 075006. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.075006)
Spencer, I. et al. (2003) Experimental study of proton emission from 60-fs, 200-mJ high-repetition-rate tabletop-laser pulses interacting with solid targets. Physical Review E, 67, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046402)
Spencer, I. et al. (2003) Experimental study of proton emission from 60-fs, 200-mJ high- repetition-rate tabletop-laser pulses interacting with solid targets. Physical Review E, 67(4), art 046402. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046402)
Tasker, A., Robson, L., Ledingham, K., McCanny, T., McKenna, P., Kosmidis, C. and Jaroszynski, D. (2003) Femtosecond ionization and dissociation of laser desorbed nitro-PAHs. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 225, pp. 53-70.
Tatarakis, M. et al. (2003) Propagation instabilities of high-intensity laser-produced electron beams. Physical Review Letters, 90, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.175001)
2002
Meikle, A.R., Bates, R.L., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H. , Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V. and Smith, K.M. (2002) 3-D GaAs radiation detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, 477(1-3), 198 -203. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01896-4)
Edwards, R. et al. (2002) Characterization of a gamma-ray source based on a laser-plasma accelerator with applications to radiography. Applied Physics Letters, 80, pp. 2129-2131. (doi: 10.1063/1.1464221)
Hankin, S. et al. (2002) Femtosecond laser time-of-flight mass spectrometry of labile molecular analytes: laser-desorbed nitro-aromatic molecules. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 16, pp. 111-116.
McKenna, P. et al. (2002) Characterization of multiterawatt laser-solid interactions for proton acceleration. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(12), 4176 -4184. (doi: 10.1063/1.1516855)
Robson, L., Ledingham, K., Tasker, A., McKenna, P., McCanny, T., Kosmidis, C., Jaroszynski, D., Jones, D., Issac, R. and Jamieson, S. (2002) Ionisation and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths resonant with cation transitions. Chemical Physics Letters, 360, pp. 382-389.
Robson, L., Tasker, A., Ledingham, K., McKenna, P., McCanny, T., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Jaroszynski, D. and Jones, D. (2002) Ionisation and fragmentation dynamics of laser desorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using femtosecond and nanosecond post-ionisation. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 220, pp. 69-85.
Spencer, I. et al. (2002) A nearly real-time high temperature laser-plasma diagnostic using photonuclear reactions in tantalum. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(11), 3801 -3805. (doi: 10.1063/1.1511802)
Tasker, A., Robson, L., Ledingham, K., McCanny, T., Hankin, S., McKenna, P., Kosmidis, C., Jaroszynski, D. and Jones, D. (2002) A high mass resolution study of the interaction of aromatic and nitro-aromatic molecules with intense laser fields. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 106, pp. 4005-4013. (doi: 10.1021/jp013830n)
2001
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Philis, J.G., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCanny, T., Singhal, R.P., Hankin, S.M., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2001) Ionization/dissociation of thiazole and thiazolidine induced by strong laser fields. Chemical Physics Letters, 343(1-2), 91 -98. (doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00687-X)
Graham, P., Ledingham, K., Singhai, R., Hankin, S., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Taday, P. and Langley, A. (2001) On the fragment ion angular distributions arising from the tetrahedral molecule CH3I. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 34, pp. 4015-4026.
Graham, P., Ledingham, K., Singhal, R., Hankin, S., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Taday, P., Langley, A. and Kosmidis, C. (2001) Angular distributions of fragment ions arising from tetrahedral CH3I and isomer identification using intense laser fields. Laser and Particle Beams, 19, pp. 187-193.
Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., Hankin, S.M., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Taday, P.F., Langley, A.J. and Kosmidis, C. (2001) Angular distributions of fragment ions arising from tetrahedral CH3I and isomer identification using intense laser fields. Laser and Particle Beams, 19(2), 187 -193. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034601192037)
Hankin, S.M. et al. (2001) Ultrafast laser time-of-flight mass analysis of laser-desorbed atoms and molecules. In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 14 -19. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405577)
Robson, L. et al. (2001) Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using nanosecond laser desorption / femtosecond ionisation laser mass spectrometry (FLMS). In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 291 -296. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405619)
Santala, M. et al. (2001) Production of radioactive nuclides by energetic protons generated from intense laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 78, pp. 19-21.
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) Laser generation of proton beams for the production of short-lived positron emitting radioisotopes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 183, pp. 449-458.
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) High intensity laser generation of proton beams for the production of beta /sup +/ sources used in positron emission tomography. In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 73 -78. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405586)
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) Laser generation of proton beams for the production of short- lived positron emitting radioisotopes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 183(3-4), 449 -458. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00771-6)
Tasker, A.D. et al. (2001) Ultrafast laser analysis of nitro-PAHs using laser desorption/femtosecond ionization mass spectrometry. Laser and Particle Beams, 19(2), 205 -208. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034601192062)
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., McCanny, T., Graham, P., Hankin, S.M., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2001) On the multielectron dissociative ionization of some cyclic aromatic molecules induced by strong laser fields. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105(3), 529 -536. (doi: 10.1021/jp001096m)
Zepf, M. et al. (2001) Fast particle generation and energy transport in laser-solid interactions. Physics of Plasmas, 8, pp. 2323-2330.
2000
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCanny, T., Hankin, S.M., Singhal, R.P., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2000) Coulomb explosion in aromatic molecules and their deuterated derivatives. Chemical Physics Letters, 332(3-4), 236 -242. (doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01285-9)
Graham, P., Fang, X., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R., McCanny, T., Smith, D.J., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Langley, A. and Taday, P.F. (2000) Unusual fragmentation patterns from the dissociation of some small molecules. Laser and Particle Beams, 18(3), 417 -432. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034600183107)
Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., McCanny, T., Hankin, S.M., Fang, X., Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2000) The angular distributions of fragment ions from labelled and unlabelled N2O in intense laser fields. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 33(18), 3779 -3794. (doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/33/18/325)
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2000) Photonuclear physics when a multiterawatt laser pulse interacts with solid targets. Physical Review Letters, 84(5), 899 -902. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.899)
Santala, M.I.K. et al. (2000) Effect of the plasma density scale length on the direction of fast electrons in relativistic laser-solid interactions. Physical Review Letters, 84(7), 1459 -1462. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1459)
1999
Graham, P. et al. (1999) An investigation of the angular distributions of fragment ions arising from the linear CS2 and CO2 molecules. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 32(23), 5557 -5574. (doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/32/23/310)
1998
Meikle, A.R., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H. , More, B., O'Shea, V., Raine, C. and Smith, K.M. (1998) Technology development of 3-D GaAs radiation detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, 410(1), pp. 115-123. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00191-0)
1990
McLean, C.J., Marsh, J.H. , Land, A.P., Clark, A., Jennings, R., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCombes, P.T., Marshall, A., Singhal, R.P. and Towrie, M. (1990) Resonant laser ablation (RLA). International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 96(1), R1-R7. (doi: 10.1016/0168-1176(90)80047-7)
Articles
McKenna, P. et al. (2005) Broad energy spectrum of laser-accelerated protons for spallation-related physics. Physical Review Letters, 94, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.084801)
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2004) High power laser production of short-lived isotopes for positron emission tomography. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 37(16), pp. 2341-2345. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/37/16/019)
McKenna, P. et al. (2004) Characterization of proton and heavier ion acceleration in ultrahigh-intensity laser interactions with heated target foils. Physical Review E, 70(3), art 036405. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.036405)
Yang, J.M. et al. (2004) Neutron production by fast protons from ultraintense laser- plasma interactions. Journal of Applied Physics, 96(11), pp. 6912-6918. (doi: 10.1063/1.1814421)
Yang, J.M. et al. (2004) Nuclear reactions in copper induced by protons from a petawatt laser-foil interaction. Applied Physics Letters, 84(5), 675 -677. (doi: 10.1063/1.1645314)
Yang, J. et al. (2004) Neutron production by fast protons from ultraintense laser-plasma interactions. Journal of Applied Physics, 96, pp. 6912-6918. (doi: 10.1063/1.1814421)
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2003) Laser-driven photo-transmutation of I-129 - a long-lived nuclear waste product. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 36(18), L79 -L82. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/18/L01)
Ledingham, K.W.D., McKenna, P. and Singhal, R.P. (2003) Applications for nuclear phenomena generated by ultra-intense lasers. Science, 300(5622), 1107 -1111. (doi: 10.1126/science.1080552)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Effect of target heating on ion-induced reactions in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 83, pp. 2763-2765. (doi: 10.1063/1.1616972)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Effect of target heating on ion-induced reactions in high- intensity laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 83(14), 2763 -2765. (doi: 10.1063/1.1616972)
McKenna, P. et al. (2003) Demonstration of fusion-evaporation and direct-interaction nuclear reactions using high-intensity laser-plasma-accelerated ion beams. Physical Review Letters, 91(7), art 075006. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.075006)
Spencer, I. et al. (2003) Experimental study of proton emission from 60-fs, 200-mJ high-repetition-rate tabletop-laser pulses interacting with solid targets. Physical Review E, 67, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046402)
Spencer, I. et al. (2003) Experimental study of proton emission from 60-fs, 200-mJ high- repetition-rate tabletop-laser pulses interacting with solid targets. Physical Review E, 67(4), art 046402. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046402)
Tasker, A., Robson, L., Ledingham, K., McCanny, T., McKenna, P., Kosmidis, C. and Jaroszynski, D. (2003) Femtosecond ionization and dissociation of laser desorbed nitro-PAHs. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 225, pp. 53-70.
Tatarakis, M. et al. (2003) Propagation instabilities of high-intensity laser-produced electron beams. Physical Review Letters, 90, (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.175001)
Meikle, A.R., Bates, R.L., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H. , Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V. and Smith, K.M. (2002) 3-D GaAs radiation detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, 477(1-3), 198 -203. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01896-4)
Edwards, R. et al. (2002) Characterization of a gamma-ray source based on a laser-plasma accelerator with applications to radiography. Applied Physics Letters, 80, pp. 2129-2131. (doi: 10.1063/1.1464221)
Hankin, S. et al. (2002) Femtosecond laser time-of-flight mass spectrometry of labile molecular analytes: laser-desorbed nitro-aromatic molecules. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 16, pp. 111-116.
McKenna, P. et al. (2002) Characterization of multiterawatt laser-solid interactions for proton acceleration. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(12), 4176 -4184. (doi: 10.1063/1.1516855)
Robson, L., Ledingham, K., Tasker, A., McKenna, P., McCanny, T., Kosmidis, C., Jaroszynski, D., Jones, D., Issac, R. and Jamieson, S. (2002) Ionisation and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths resonant with cation transitions. Chemical Physics Letters, 360, pp. 382-389.
Robson, L., Tasker, A., Ledingham, K., McKenna, P., McCanny, T., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Jaroszynski, D. and Jones, D. (2002) Ionisation and fragmentation dynamics of laser desorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using femtosecond and nanosecond post-ionisation. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 220, pp. 69-85.
Spencer, I. et al. (2002) A nearly real-time high temperature laser-plasma diagnostic using photonuclear reactions in tantalum. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73(11), 3801 -3805. (doi: 10.1063/1.1511802)
Tasker, A., Robson, L., Ledingham, K., McCanny, T., Hankin, S., McKenna, P., Kosmidis, C., Jaroszynski, D. and Jones, D. (2002) A high mass resolution study of the interaction of aromatic and nitro-aromatic molecules with intense laser fields. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 106, pp. 4005-4013. (doi: 10.1021/jp013830n)
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Philis, J.G., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCanny, T., Singhal, R.P., Hankin, S.M., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2001) Ionization/dissociation of thiazole and thiazolidine induced by strong laser fields. Chemical Physics Letters, 343(1-2), 91 -98. (doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00687-X)
Graham, P., Ledingham, K., Singhai, R., Hankin, S., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Taday, P. and Langley, A. (2001) On the fragment ion angular distributions arising from the tetrahedral molecule CH3I. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 34, pp. 4015-4026.
Graham, P., Ledingham, K., Singhal, R., Hankin, S., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Taday, P., Langley, A. and Kosmidis, C. (2001) Angular distributions of fragment ions arising from tetrahedral CH3I and isomer identification using intense laser fields. Laser and Particle Beams, 19, pp. 187-193.
Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., Hankin, S.M., McCanny, T., Fang, X., Taday, P.F., Langley, A.J. and Kosmidis, C. (2001) Angular distributions of fragment ions arising from tetrahedral CH3I and isomer identification using intense laser fields. Laser and Particle Beams, 19(2), 187 -193. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034601192037)
Santala, M. et al. (2001) Production of radioactive nuclides by energetic protons generated from intense laser-plasma interactions. Applied Physics Letters, 78, pp. 19-21.
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) Laser generation of proton beams for the production of short-lived positron emitting radioisotopes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 183, pp. 449-458.
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) Laser generation of proton beams for the production of short- lived positron emitting radioisotopes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 183(3-4), 449 -458. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00771-6)
Tasker, A.D. et al. (2001) Ultrafast laser analysis of nitro-PAHs using laser desorption/femtosecond ionization mass spectrometry. Laser and Particle Beams, 19(2), 205 -208. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034601192062)
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., McCanny, T., Graham, P., Hankin, S.M., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2001) On the multielectron dissociative ionization of some cyclic aromatic molecules induced by strong laser fields. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 105(3), 529 -536. (doi: 10.1021/jp001096m)
Zepf, M. et al. (2001) Fast particle generation and energy transport in laser-solid interactions. Physics of Plasmas, 8, pp. 2323-2330.
Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCanny, T., Hankin, S.M., Singhal, R.P., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2000) Coulomb explosion in aromatic molecules and their deuterated derivatives. Chemical Physics Letters, 332(3-4), 236 -242. (doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01285-9)
Graham, P., Fang, X., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R., McCanny, T., Smith, D.J., Kosmidis, C., Tzallas, P., Langley, A. and Taday, P.F. (2000) Unusual fragmentation patterns from the dissociation of some small molecules. Laser and Particle Beams, 18(3), 417 -432. (doi: 10.1017/S0263034600183107)
Graham, P., Ledingham, K.W.D., Singhal, R.P., McCanny, T., Hankin, S.M., Fang, X., Tzallas, P., Kosmidis, C., Taday, P.F. and Langley, A.J. (2000) The angular distributions of fragment ions from labelled and unlabelled N2O in intense laser fields. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 33(18), 3779 -3794. (doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/33/18/325)
Ledingham, K.W.D. et al. (2000) Photonuclear physics when a multiterawatt laser pulse interacts with solid targets. Physical Review Letters, 84(5), 899 -902. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.899)
Santala, M.I.K. et al. (2000) Effect of the plasma density scale length on the direction of fast electrons in relativistic laser-solid interactions. Physical Review Letters, 84(7), 1459 -1462. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1459)
Graham, P. et al. (1999) An investigation of the angular distributions of fragment ions arising from the linear CS2 and CO2 molecules. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 32(23), 5557 -5574. (doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/32/23/310)
Meikle, A.R., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H. , More, B., O'Shea, V., Raine, C. and Smith, K.M. (1998) Technology development of 3-D GaAs radiation detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, 410(1), pp. 115-123. (doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00191-0)
McLean, C.J., Marsh, J.H. , Land, A.P., Clark, A., Jennings, R., Ledingham, K.W.D., McCombes, P.T., Marshall, A., Singhal, R.P. and Towrie, M. (1990) Resonant laser ablation (RLA). International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 96(1), R1-R7. (doi: 10.1016/0168-1176(90)80047-7)
Conference Proceedings
Hankin, S.M. et al. (2001) Ultrafast laser time-of-flight mass analysis of laser-desorbed atoms and molecules. In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 14 -19. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405577)
Robson, L. et al. (2001) Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using nanosecond laser desorption / femtosecond ionisation laser mass spectrometry (FLMS). In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 291 -296. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405619)
Spencer, I. et al. (2001) High intensity laser generation of proton beams for the production of beta /sup +/ sources used in positron emission tomography. In: 10th International symposium - Resonance ionization spectroscopy and its applications, Knoxville, TN, October 2000, 73 -78. ISBN 0735400245 (doi: 10.1063/1.1405586)