Professor Trevor Stone
- Honorary Senior Research Fellow (School of Psychology & Neuroscience)
email:
Trevor.Stone@glasgow.ac.uk
Room 250, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8qq
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-0031Publications
2019
McNair, K. , Forrest, C. M., Vicenten, M. C.J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2019) Serine protease modulation of dependence receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biology and Therapy, 20(3), pp. 349-367. (doi: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109) (PMID:30403907) (PMCID:PMC6370372)
2018
Málly, J., Stone, T. W. , Sinkó, G., Geisz, N. and Dinya, E. (2018) Long term follow-up study of non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) (rTMS and tDCS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Strong age-dependency in the effect of NBS. Brain Research Bulletin, 142, pp. 78-87. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.014) (PMID:29958911)
Stone, T. W. , McPherson, M. and Darlington, L. G. (2018) Obesity and cancer: existing and new hypotheses for a causal connection. EBioMedicine, 30, pp. 14-28. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.022) (PMID:29526577) (PMCID:PMC5952217)
2017
Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L. G. (2017) Microbial carcinogenic toxins and dietary anti-cancer protectants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 74(14), pp. 2627-2643. (doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2487-z) (PMID:28238104) (PMCID:PMC5487888)
Sternberg, J. M., Forrest, C. M., Dalton, R. N., Turner, C., Rodgers, J. , Stone, T. W. and Kennedy, P. G.E. (2017) Kynurenine pathway activation in Human African trypanosomiasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 215(5), pp. 806-812. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw623) (PMID:28013248) (PMCID:PMC5388295)
Hernandez-Martinez, J.-M., Forrest, C. M., Darlington, L. G., Smith, R. A. and Stone, T. W. (2017) Quinolinic acid induces neuritogenesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells independently of NMDA receptor activation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 45(5), pp. 700-711. (doi: 10.1111/ejn.13499) (PMID:27973747)
Clarke, G., Stone, T. W. and Schwarcz, R. (2017) The kynurenine pathway: Towards metabolic equilibrium. Neuropharmacology, 112(part B), pp. 235-236. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.029) (PMID:27567943)
Schwarcz, R. and Stone, T. W. (2017) The kynurenine pathway and the brain: challenges, controversies and promises. Neuropharmacology, 112(part B), pp. 237-247. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.003) (PMID:27511838) (PMCID:PMC5803785)
2016
Stone, T. W. , Darlington, L. G. and Forrest, C. M. (2016) Dependence receptor involvement in subtilisin-induced long-term depression and in long-term potentiation. Neuroscience, 336, pp. 49-62. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.043)
Forrest, C., Kennedy, P. G., Rodgers, J. , Dalton, R. N., Turner, C., Darlington, L. G., Cobb, S. and Stone, T. W. (2016) Kynurenine pathway metabolism following prenatal KMO inhibition and in Mecp2+/- mice, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Neurochemistry International, 100, pp. 110-119. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.012) (PMID:27623092) (PMCID:PMC5115650)
Maqsood, R. and Stone, T. W. (2016) The gut-brain axis, BDNF, NMDA and CNS disorders. Neurochemical Research, 41(11), pp. 2819-2835. (doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2039-1) (PMID:27553784)
Forrest, C. M., McNair, K. , Vincenten, M. C.J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2016) Selective depletion of tumour suppressors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin by environmental and endogenous serine proteases: linking diet, obesity and cancer. BMC Cancer, 16, 772. (doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2795-y) (PMID:27716118) (PMCID:PMC5054602)
Stone, T. W. (2016) Tryptophan and kynurenines: continuing to court controversy. Clinical Science, 130(15), pp. 1335-1337. (doi: 10.1042/CS20160294) (PMID:27358029)
2015
Forrest, C.M., Mcnair, K. , Pisar, M., Khalil, O.S., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2015) Altered hippocampal plasticity by prenatal kynurenine administration, kynurenine-3-monoxygenase (KMO) deletion or galantamine. Neuroscience, 310, pp. 91-105. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.022) (PMID:26365611) (PMCID:PMC4642643)
Fatokun, A. A., Tome, M., Smith, R. A., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2015) Protection by the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin against peroxide or menadione-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Natural Product Research, 29(12), pp. 1127-1132. (doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.980252) (PMID:25427161)
Stone, T. W. , Forrest, C. M. and Darlington, L. G. (2015) Kynurenines and brain development. In: Mittal, S. (ed.) Targeting the Broadly Pathogenic Kynurenine Pathway. Springer: Cham, pp. 45-61. ISBN 9783319118697 (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-11870-3_4)
2014
Pisar, M., Forrest, C. M., Khalil, O. S., Mcnair, K. , Vincenten, M. C.J., Qasem, S., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Modified neocortical and cerebellar protein expression and morphology in adult rats following prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway. Brain Research, 1576, pp. 1-17. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.016) (PMID:24956103)
Khalil, O. S., Pisar, M., Forrest, C. M., Vincenten, M. C. J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway leads to structural changes in the hippocampus of adult rat offspring. European Journal of Neuroscience, 39(10), pp. 1558-1571. (doi: 10.1111/ejn.12535)
Addae, J. I. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Quinolinate and related excitotoxins: mechanisms of neurotoxicity and disease relevance. In: Kostrzewa, R. M. (ed.) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer Reference: New York, pp. 1543-1565. ISBN 9781461458357 (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_127)
2013
Forrest, C.M., Khalil, O.S., Pisar, M., Mcnair, K. , Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Gonzalez, N., Jerusalinsky, D., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Changes in synaptic transmission and protein expression in the brains of adult offspring after prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway. Neuroscience, 254, pp. 241-259. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.034)
Khalil, O.S., Forrest, C.M., Pisar, M., Smith, R.A., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Prenatal activation of maternal TLR3 receptors by viral-mimetic poly(I:C) modifies GluN2B expression in embryos and sonic hedgehog in offspring in the absence of kynurenine pathway activation. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 35(5), pp. 581-593. (doi: 10.3109/08923973.2013.828745)
Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L. G. (2013) The kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. British Journal of Pharmacology, 169(6), pp. 1211-1227. (doi: 10.1111/bph.12230)
Forrest, C. M., Khalil, O. S., Pisar, M., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2013) Prenatal inhibition of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway alters synaptic plasticity and protein expression in the rat hippocampus. Brain Research, 1504, pp. 1-15. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.031)
Forrest, C.M., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Involvement of the proteasome and caspase activation in hippocampal long-term depression induced by the serine protease subtilisin. Neuroscience, 231, pp. 233-246. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.029)
Stone, T. W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. G. (2013) An expanding range of targets for kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 34(2), pp. 136-143. (doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.09.006)
2012
Harvey, A. L., Young, L. C., Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Colettis, N., Blanco, C., Jerusalinsky, D., Jamieson, A. G. , Hartley, R. C. and Stone, T. W. (2012) A novel dihydro-pyrazolo(3,4d)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5a)pyrimidin-4-one (AJ23) is an antagonist at adenosine A1 receptors and enhances consolidation of step-down avoidance. Behavioural Brain Research, 234(2), pp. 184-191. (doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.023)
Addae, J.I., Walkins, K., Cruickshank, R. and Stone, T.W. (2012) Effects of ethylenediamine in rodent models of seizure, motor coordination and anxiety. Brain Research, 1473, pp. 155-160. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.019)
Barberan, S., Mcnair, K. , Iqbal, K., Smith, N.C., Prendergast, G.C., Stone, T.W. , Cobb, S.R. and Morris, B.J. (2012) Altered apoptotic responses in neurons lacking RhoB GTPase. European Journal of Neuroscience, 34(11), pp. 1737-1746. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07891.x)
Forrest, C.M., Khalil, O.S., Pisar, M., Smith, R.A., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2012) Prenatal activation of toll-like receptors-3 by administration of the viral mimetic poly(I:C) changes synaptic proteins, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and neurogenesis markers in offspring. Molecular Brain, 5(22), (doi: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-22)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C.M. and Darlington, L.G. (2012) Kynurenine pathway inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection. FEBS Journal, 279(8), pp. 1386-1397. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08487.x)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C.M., Stoy, N. and Darlington, L.G. (2012) Involvement of kynurenines in Huntington’s disease and stroke-induced brain damage. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119(2), pp. 261-274. (doi: 10.1007/s00702-011-0676-8)
2011
Addae, J.I. and Stone, T.W. (2011) The serine protease subtilisin suppresses epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices and neocortex in vivo. Neuroscience, 199, pp. 64-73. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.014)
Forrest, C.M., Addae, J.I., Murthy, S., Darlington, L.G., Morris, B.J. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Molecular changes associated with hippocampal long-lasting depression induced by the serine protease subtilisin-A. European Journal of Neuroscience, 34(8), pp. 1241-1253. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07853.x)
Addae, J.I., Ali, N. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Effects of AMPA and clomethiazole on spreading depression cycles in the rat neocortex in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 653(1-3), pp. 41-46. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.021)
Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Oxford, L., Millar, K., Gail Darlington, L., Higgins, M. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Kynurenine metabolism predicts cognitive function in patients following cardiac bypass and thoracic surgery. Journal of Neurochemistry, 119(1), pp. 136-152. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07414.x)
Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Blanco, C., Harvey, A.L., Stone, T.W. and Jerusalinsky, D. (2011) Memory impairment in rats by hippocampal administration of the serine protease subtilisin. Behavioural Brain Research, 219(1), pp. 63-67. (doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.027)
2010
Ferguson, A.L. and Stone, T.W. (2010) Glutamate-induced depression of EPSP–spike coupling in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons and modulation by adenosine receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(7), pp. 1208-1218. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07157.x)
McNair, K., Spike, R., Guilding, C., Prendergast, G.C., Stone, T.W., Cobb, S.R. and Morris, B.J. (2010) A role for RhoB in synaptic plasticity and the regulation of neuronal morphology. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(9), pp. 3508-3517. (doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5386-09.2010) (PMID:20203211) (PMCID:PMC6634083)
Forrest, C. M., Mackay, G. M., Stoy, N., Spiden, S. L., Taylor, R., Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L.G. (2010) Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin-23 and soluble human leucocyte antigen-G at different stages of Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 112(1), pp. 112-122. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442.x)
Darlington, L.G., Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Smith, R.A., Smith, A.J., Stoy, N. and Stone, T.W. (2010) On the biological importance of the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: anthranilic acid ratio. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 3, pp. 51-59.
Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Stoy, N., Spiden, S.L., Taylor, R., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L.G. (2010) Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin-23 and soluble human leucocyte antigen-G at different stages of Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 112(1), pp. 112-122. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442.x)
Stone, T.W. , Lui, C. and Addae, J.I. (2010) Effects of ethylenediamine – a putative GABA-releasing agent – on rat hippocampal slices and neocortical activity in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 650(2-3), pp. 568-578. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.061)
2009
Smith, A., Tauskela, J.S., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2009) Preconditioning with 4-aminopyridine protects cerebellar granule neurons against excitotoxicity. Brain Research, 1294, pp. 165-175. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.061)
Al-Gonaiah, M., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2009) Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA. Brain Research, 1280, pp. 33-42. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.024)
Rodgers, J. , Stone, T.W., Barrett, M.P., Bradley, B.M. and Kennedy, P.G.E. (2009) Kynurenine pathway inhibition reduces central nervous system inflammation in a model of human African trypanosomiasis. Brain, 132(5), pp. 1259-1267. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awp074)
MacKay, G.M., Forrest, C.M., Christofides, J., Bridel, M.A., Mitchell, S., Cowlard, R., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L.G. (2009) Kynurenine metabolites and inflammation markers in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or counselling. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 36(4), pp. 425-435. (doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05077.x)
Smith, A.J., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2009) 5-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, generates oxidative stress and neuronal death via p38 activation in cultured cerebellar granule neurones. Neurotoxicity Research, 15(4), pp. 303-310. (doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9034-0)
Stone, T.W. , Ceruti, S. and Abbracchio, M. (2009) Adenosine Receptors and Neurological Disease: Neuroprotection and Neurodegeneration. In: Wilson, C.N. and Mustafa, S.J. (eds.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer Berlin: Heidelberg, pp. 535-587. (doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-89615-9_17)
2008
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Responses of differentiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells to reactive oxygen species. European Journal of Pharmacology, 587(1-3), pp. 35-41. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.024)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Adenosine receptor ligands protect against a combination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in cerebellar granule neurons. Experimental Brain Research, 186(1), pp. 151-160. (doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1218-3)
Fatokun, A.A., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2008) Resistance to kynurenic acid of the NMDA receptor-dependent toxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid and cyanide in cerebellar granule neurons. Brain Research, 1215, pp. 200-207. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.013)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration and available means of protection. Frontiers in Bioscience, 13(1), pp. 3288-3311. (doi: 10.2741/2926)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Prolonged exposures of cerebellar granule neurons to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) induce neuronal damage independently of peroxynitrite. Brain Research, 1230(16), pp. 265-272. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.109)
Ferguson, A.L. and Stone, T.W. (2008) Adenosine preconditions against ouabain but not against glutamate on CA1-evoked potentials in rat hippocampal slices. European Journal of Neuroscience, 28(10), pp. 2084-2098. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06490.x)
Smith, A.J., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Preconditioning with NMDA protects against toxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid or glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 440(3), pp. 294-298. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.066)
2007
Addae, J., Ali, N., Youssef, F. and Stone, T.W. (2007) AMPA receptor activation reduces epileptiform activity in the rat neocortex. Brain Research, 1158, pp. 151-157. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.002)
Darlington, L., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., George, C. and Stone, T.W. (2007) Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26, pp. 2211-2221. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05838.x)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2007) Cell death in rat cerebellar granule neurons induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro: Mechanisms and protection by adenosine receptor ligands. Brain Research, 1132, pp. 193-202. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.008)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2007) Hydrogen peroxide mediates damage by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures. Neuroscience Letters, 416, pp. 34-38. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.078)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2007) Inflammatory status and kynurenine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis treated with melatonin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64, pp. 517-526. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02911.x)
Guilding, C., McNair, K., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2007) Restored plasticity in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1 via inhibition of hyperactive ERK and CREB. European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, pp. 99-105. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05238.x)
MacGregor, D., Mallon, A., Harvey, A., Young, L., Nimmo, H. and Stone, T.W. (2007) Group S8A serine proteases, including a novel enzyme cadeprin, induce long-lasting, metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic depression in rat hippocampal slices. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26, pp. 1870-1880. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05808.x)
Stone, T.W. (2007) Kynurenic acid blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission to hippocampal interneurons in young rats. European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, pp. 2656-2665. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05540.x)
Stone, T.W. (2007) Neurotoxicity of tryptophan metabolites. Biochemical Society Transactions, 35(5), pp. 1287-1289. (doi: 10.1042/BST0351287)
Stone, T.W. and Behan, W. (2007) Interleukin-1 beta but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates neuronal damage by quinolinic acid: Protection by an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 85, pp. 1077-1085. (doi: 10.1002/jnr.21212)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2007) Tryptophan, adenosine, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Metabolic Brain Disease, 22, pp. 337-352. (doi: 10.1007/s11011-007-9064-3)
2006
Christofides, J., Bridel, M., Egerton, M., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2006) Blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and melatonin levels in patients with either Huntington's disease or chronic brain injury. Journal of Neurochemistry, 97, pp. 1078-1088. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03807.x)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2006) Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells: The effect of glutamate and protection by purines. Bone, 39, pp. 542-551. (doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.062)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2006) Kynurenine pathway metabolism in patients with osteoporosis after 2 years of drug treatment. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 33, pp. 1078-1087. (doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04490.x)
Forrest, C., Stone, T.W. , Mackay, G., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Harman, G. and Darlington, L. (2006) Purine metabolism and clinical status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with dipyridamole. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 25, pp. 1287-1290. (doi: 10.1080/15257770600890780)
Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. , Harman, G., Mackay, G., Oxford, L. and Darlington, L. (2006) Adenosine and cytokine levels following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with dipyridamole. Rheumatology International, 27, pp. 11-17. (doi: 10.1007/s00296-006-0212-6)
Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Christofides, J., Egerton, M., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2006) Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with chronic brain injury. European Journal of Neurology, 13, pp. 30-42.
Youssef, F., Addae, J. and Stone, T.W. (2006) NMDA-induced preconditioning attenuates synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus. Brain Research, 1073, pp. 183-189. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.008)
2005
Clark, C., Mackay, G., Smythe, G., Bustamante, S., Stone, T.W. and Phillips, R. (2005) Prolonged survival of a murine model of cerebral malaria by kynurenine pathway inhibition. Infection and Immunity, 73, pp. 5249-5251. (doi: 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5249-5251.2005)
Clark, C., Phillips, R., McMillan, R., Montgomery, I. and Stone, T.W. (2005) Differences in the neurochemical characteristics of the cortex and striatum of mice with cerebral malaria. Parasitology, 130, pp. 23-29. (doi: 10.1017/S0031182004006237)
Forrest, C., Harman, G., McMillan, R., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2005) Modulation of cytokine release by purine receptors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 23, pp. 89-92.
Mallon, A., Auberson, Y. and Stone, T.W. (2005) Selective subunit antagonists suggest an inhibitory relationship between NR2B and NR2A-subunit containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in hippocampal slices. Experimental Brain Research, 162, pp. 374-383. (doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-2193-6)
Stone, T.W. (2005) Adenosine, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Neurological Research, 27, pp. 161-168. (doi: 10.1179/016164105X21896)
Stoy, N., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Christofides, J., Egerton, M., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2005) Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 93, pp. 611-623. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03070.x)
2004
Forrest, C., Harman, G., McMillan, R., Rana, C., Shaw, S., Stone, T.W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2004) Purine modulation of cytokine release during diuretic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 23, pp. 1107-1110. (doi: 10.1081/NCN-200027369)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N., Egerton, M., Christofides, J., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2004) Tryptophan loading induces oxidative stress. Free Radical Research, 38, pp. 1167-1171. (doi: 10.1080/10715760400011437)
Mally, J., Farkas, R., Tothfalusi, L. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Long-term follow-up study with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Parkinson's disease. Brain Research Bulletin, 64, pp. 259-263. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.07.004)
OKane, E. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Barium, glibenclamide and CGS21680 prevent adenosine A(1) receptor changes of ES coupling and spike threshold. Neurosignals, 13, pp. 318-324. (doi: 10.1159/000081967)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2004) Increased long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus via modulation of GTPase signalling or inhibition of Rho kinase. Neuropharmacology, 46, pp. 879-887. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.020)
Shahraki, A., Fukunari, A. and Stone, T.W. (2004) The mechanism of inhibition by xanthine of adenosine A(1)-receptor responses in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 365, pp. 162-166. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.075)
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Blockade of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptor responses by nitric oxide and superoxide in rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20, pp. 719-728. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03502.x)
2003
Clark, C., Phillips, R. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Neuropeptide-containing cells in the cortex and striatum of mice with cerebral malaria. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 347-352.
Forrest, C., Gould, S., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Levels of purine, kynurenine and lipid peroxidation products in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 395-400.
Forrest, C., Kennedy, A., Stone, T.W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2003) Kynurenine and neopterin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis during drug treatment. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 287-295.
Giles, G., Collins, C., Stone, T.W. and Jacob, C. (2003) Electrochemical and in vitro evaluation of the redox-properties of kynurenine species. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 300, pp. 719-724. (doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02917-0)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2003) Activation of Rho GTPases by synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Journal of Neurochemistry, 87, pp. 1309-1312. (doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02102.x)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2003) Distribution of Rho family GTPases in the adult rat hippocampus and cerebellum. Molecular Brain Research, 114, pp. 1-8. (doi: 10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00121-9)
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Interactions between adenosine and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampal slice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 138, pp. 1059-1068. (doi: 10.1038/SJ.BJP.705083)
Stone, T.W. (2003) Neuroprotective role of learning in dementia: a biological explanation. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 5(2), pp. 91-104.
Stone, T.W. (2003) Purine levels and cytokine release with diuretic administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 3(4), pp. 371-379.
Stone, T.W. , Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Clark, C. and Darlington, L. (2003) Tryptophan metabolites and brain disorders. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 41, pp. 852-859.
Youssef, F., Addae, J. and Stone, T.W. (2003) LTP-induced depression of response to hypoxia in hippocampus: effects of adenosine receptor activation. NeuroReport, 14, pp. 1809-1814. (doi: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000092473.09492.f4)
2002
Behan, W. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Enhanced neuronal damage by co-administration of quinolinic acid and free radicals, and protection by adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists. British Journal of Pharmacology, 135, pp. 1435-1442.
Forrest, C., Youd, P., Kennedy, A., Gould, S., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Purine, kynurenine, neopterin and lipid peroxidation levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Biomedical Science, 9, pp. 436-442.
Santangeli, S., Sills, G.J., Stone, T.W. and Brodie, M. (2002) Differential effects of remacemide and desglycinyl-remacemide on epileptiform burst firing in the rat hippocampal slice. Neuroscience Letters, 321, pp. 33-36.
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Long-term potentiation and adenosine sensitivity are unchanged in the AS/AGU protein kinase C gamma-deficient rat. Neuroscience Letters, 327, pp. 165-168.
Stone, T.W. (2002) Purines and neuroprotection. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS, 513, pp. 249-280.
Stone, T.W. and Addae, J. (2002) The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection. European Journal of Pharmacology, 447, pp. 285-296.
Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2002) Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1, pp. 609-620. (doi: 10.1038/nrd870)
2001
Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. British Journal of Nutrition, 85, pp. 251-269.
Deaney, C. et al. (2001) Levels of lipid peroxidation products in a chronic inflammatory disorder. Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology, 110, pp. 87-95.
Nikbakht, M. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Suppression of presynaptic responses to adenosine by activation of NMDA receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology, 427, pp. 13-25.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Endogenous neurotoxins from tryptophan. Toxicon, 39, pp. 61-73.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Kynurenic acid antagonists and kynurenine pathway inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 10, pp. 633-645.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Kynurenines in the CNS: from endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance. Progress in Neurobiology, 64, pp. 185-218.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Neuroprotection by adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Drug Development Research, 52(39479), pp. 323-330. (doi: 10.1002/ddr.1130)
Stone, T.W. (2001) Purines in Portugal. Trends in Neurosciences, 24(11), pp. 629-630. (doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01992-5)
Stone, T.W. (2001) The role of kynurenines in the production of neuronal death and the neuroprotective effect of purines. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 3(4), pp. 355-366.
Stone, T.W. , Jones, P. and Smith, R.A. (2001) Neuroprotection by A(2A) receptor antagonists. Drug Development Research, 52, pp. 323-330.
Youssef, F., Addae, J., McRae, A. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Long-term potentiation protects rat hippocampal slices from the effects of acute hypoxia. Brain Research, 907, pp. 144-150.
1992
Connick, J.H., Heywood, G.C., Sills, G.J., Thompson, G.G., Brodie, M.J. and Stone, T.W. (1992) Nicotinylalanine increases cerebral kynurenic acid content and has anticonvulsant activity. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 23(2), pp. 235-239. (doi: 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90017-E) (PMID:1639238)
Articles
McNair, K. , Forrest, C. M., Vicenten, M. C.J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2019) Serine protease modulation of dependence receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biology and Therapy, 20(3), pp. 349-367. (doi: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109) (PMID:30403907) (PMCID:PMC6370372)
Málly, J., Stone, T. W. , Sinkó, G., Geisz, N. and Dinya, E. (2018) Long term follow-up study of non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) (rTMS and tDCS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Strong age-dependency in the effect of NBS. Brain Research Bulletin, 142, pp. 78-87. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.014) (PMID:29958911)
Stone, T. W. , McPherson, M. and Darlington, L. G. (2018) Obesity and cancer: existing and new hypotheses for a causal connection. EBioMedicine, 30, pp. 14-28. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.022) (PMID:29526577) (PMCID:PMC5952217)
Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L. G. (2017) Microbial carcinogenic toxins and dietary anti-cancer protectants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 74(14), pp. 2627-2643. (doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2487-z) (PMID:28238104) (PMCID:PMC5487888)
Sternberg, J. M., Forrest, C. M., Dalton, R. N., Turner, C., Rodgers, J. , Stone, T. W. and Kennedy, P. G.E. (2017) Kynurenine pathway activation in Human African trypanosomiasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 215(5), pp. 806-812. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw623) (PMID:28013248) (PMCID:PMC5388295)
Hernandez-Martinez, J.-M., Forrest, C. M., Darlington, L. G., Smith, R. A. and Stone, T. W. (2017) Quinolinic acid induces neuritogenesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells independently of NMDA receptor activation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 45(5), pp. 700-711. (doi: 10.1111/ejn.13499) (PMID:27973747)
Clarke, G., Stone, T. W. and Schwarcz, R. (2017) The kynurenine pathway: Towards metabolic equilibrium. Neuropharmacology, 112(part B), pp. 235-236. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.029) (PMID:27567943)
Schwarcz, R. and Stone, T. W. (2017) The kynurenine pathway and the brain: challenges, controversies and promises. Neuropharmacology, 112(part B), pp. 237-247. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.003) (PMID:27511838) (PMCID:PMC5803785)
Stone, T. W. , Darlington, L. G. and Forrest, C. M. (2016) Dependence receptor involvement in subtilisin-induced long-term depression and in long-term potentiation. Neuroscience, 336, pp. 49-62. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.043)
Forrest, C., Kennedy, P. G., Rodgers, J. , Dalton, R. N., Turner, C., Darlington, L. G., Cobb, S. and Stone, T. W. (2016) Kynurenine pathway metabolism following prenatal KMO inhibition and in Mecp2+/- mice, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Neurochemistry International, 100, pp. 110-119. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.012) (PMID:27623092) (PMCID:PMC5115650)
Maqsood, R. and Stone, T. W. (2016) The gut-brain axis, BDNF, NMDA and CNS disorders. Neurochemical Research, 41(11), pp. 2819-2835. (doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2039-1) (PMID:27553784)
Forrest, C. M., McNair, K. , Vincenten, M. C.J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2016) Selective depletion of tumour suppressors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin by environmental and endogenous serine proteases: linking diet, obesity and cancer. BMC Cancer, 16, 772. (doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2795-y) (PMID:27716118) (PMCID:PMC5054602)
Stone, T. W. (2016) Tryptophan and kynurenines: continuing to court controversy. Clinical Science, 130(15), pp. 1335-1337. (doi: 10.1042/CS20160294) (PMID:27358029)
Forrest, C.M., Mcnair, K. , Pisar, M., Khalil, O.S., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2015) Altered hippocampal plasticity by prenatal kynurenine administration, kynurenine-3-monoxygenase (KMO) deletion or galantamine. Neuroscience, 310, pp. 91-105. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.022) (PMID:26365611) (PMCID:PMC4642643)
Fatokun, A. A., Tome, M., Smith, R. A., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2015) Protection by the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin against peroxide or menadione-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Natural Product Research, 29(12), pp. 1127-1132. (doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.980252) (PMID:25427161)
Pisar, M., Forrest, C. M., Khalil, O. S., Mcnair, K. , Vincenten, M. C.J., Qasem, S., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Modified neocortical and cerebellar protein expression and morphology in adult rats following prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway. Brain Research, 1576, pp. 1-17. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.016) (PMID:24956103)
Khalil, O. S., Pisar, M., Forrest, C. M., Vincenten, M. C. J., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway leads to structural changes in the hippocampus of adult rat offspring. European Journal of Neuroscience, 39(10), pp. 1558-1571. (doi: 10.1111/ejn.12535)
Forrest, C.M., Khalil, O.S., Pisar, M., Mcnair, K. , Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Gonzalez, N., Jerusalinsky, D., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Changes in synaptic transmission and protein expression in the brains of adult offspring after prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway. Neuroscience, 254, pp. 241-259. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.034)
Khalil, O.S., Forrest, C.M., Pisar, M., Smith, R.A., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Prenatal activation of maternal TLR3 receptors by viral-mimetic poly(I:C) modifies GluN2B expression in embryos and sonic hedgehog in offspring in the absence of kynurenine pathway activation. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 35(5), pp. 581-593. (doi: 10.3109/08923973.2013.828745)
Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L. G. (2013) The kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. British Journal of Pharmacology, 169(6), pp. 1211-1227. (doi: 10.1111/bph.12230)
Forrest, C. M., Khalil, O. S., Pisar, M., Darlington, L. G. and Stone, T. W. (2013) Prenatal inhibition of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway alters synaptic plasticity and protein expression in the rat hippocampus. Brain Research, 1504, pp. 1-15. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.031)
Forrest, C.M., Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. (2013) Involvement of the proteasome and caspase activation in hippocampal long-term depression induced by the serine protease subtilisin. Neuroscience, 231, pp. 233-246. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.029)
Stone, T. W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. G. (2013) An expanding range of targets for kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 34(2), pp. 136-143. (doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.09.006)
Harvey, A. L., Young, L. C., Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Colettis, N., Blanco, C., Jerusalinsky, D., Jamieson, A. G. , Hartley, R. C. and Stone, T. W. (2012) A novel dihydro-pyrazolo(3,4d)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5a)pyrimidin-4-one (AJ23) is an antagonist at adenosine A1 receptors and enhances consolidation of step-down avoidance. Behavioural Brain Research, 234(2), pp. 184-191. (doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.023)
Addae, J.I., Walkins, K., Cruickshank, R. and Stone, T.W. (2012) Effects of ethylenediamine in rodent models of seizure, motor coordination and anxiety. Brain Research, 1473, pp. 155-160. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.019)
Barberan, S., Mcnair, K. , Iqbal, K., Smith, N.C., Prendergast, G.C., Stone, T.W. , Cobb, S.R. and Morris, B.J. (2012) Altered apoptotic responses in neurons lacking RhoB GTPase. European Journal of Neuroscience, 34(11), pp. 1737-1746. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07891.x)
Forrest, C.M., Khalil, O.S., Pisar, M., Smith, R.A., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2012) Prenatal activation of toll-like receptors-3 by administration of the viral mimetic poly(I:C) changes synaptic proteins, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and neurogenesis markers in offspring. Molecular Brain, 5(22), (doi: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-22)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C.M. and Darlington, L.G. (2012) Kynurenine pathway inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection. FEBS Journal, 279(8), pp. 1386-1397. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08487.x)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C.M., Stoy, N. and Darlington, L.G. (2012) Involvement of kynurenines in Huntington’s disease and stroke-induced brain damage. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119(2), pp. 261-274. (doi: 10.1007/s00702-011-0676-8)
Addae, J.I. and Stone, T.W. (2011) The serine protease subtilisin suppresses epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal slices and neocortex in vivo. Neuroscience, 199, pp. 64-73. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.014)
Forrest, C.M., Addae, J.I., Murthy, S., Darlington, L.G., Morris, B.J. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Molecular changes associated with hippocampal long-lasting depression induced by the serine protease subtilisin-A. European Journal of Neuroscience, 34(8), pp. 1241-1253. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07853.x)
Addae, J.I., Ali, N. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Effects of AMPA and clomethiazole on spreading depression cycles in the rat neocortex in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 653(1-3), pp. 41-46. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.021)
Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Oxford, L., Millar, K., Gail Darlington, L., Higgins, M. and Stone, T.W. (2011) Kynurenine metabolism predicts cognitive function in patients following cardiac bypass and thoracic surgery. Journal of Neurochemistry, 119(1), pp. 136-152. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07414.x)
Kornisiuk, E., Snitcofsky, M., Blanco, C., Harvey, A.L., Stone, T.W. and Jerusalinsky, D. (2011) Memory impairment in rats by hippocampal administration of the serine protease subtilisin. Behavioural Brain Research, 219(1), pp. 63-67. (doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.027)
Ferguson, A.L. and Stone, T.W. (2010) Glutamate-induced depression of EPSP–spike coupling in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons and modulation by adenosine receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(7), pp. 1208-1218. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07157.x)
McNair, K., Spike, R., Guilding, C., Prendergast, G.C., Stone, T.W., Cobb, S.R. and Morris, B.J. (2010) A role for RhoB in synaptic plasticity and the regulation of neuronal morphology. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(9), pp. 3508-3517. (doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5386-09.2010) (PMID:20203211) (PMCID:PMC6634083)
Forrest, C. M., Mackay, G. M., Stoy, N., Spiden, S. L., Taylor, R., Stone, T. W. and Darlington, L.G. (2010) Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin-23 and soluble human leucocyte antigen-G at different stages of Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 112(1), pp. 112-122. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442.x)
Darlington, L.G., Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Smith, R.A., Smith, A.J., Stoy, N. and Stone, T.W. (2010) On the biological importance of the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: anthranilic acid ratio. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 3, pp. 51-59.
Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Stoy, N., Spiden, S.L., Taylor, R., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L.G. (2010) Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin-23 and soluble human leucocyte antigen-G at different stages of Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 112(1), pp. 112-122. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442.x)
Stone, T.W. , Lui, C. and Addae, J.I. (2010) Effects of ethylenediamine – a putative GABA-releasing agent – on rat hippocampal slices and neocortical activity in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 650(2-3), pp. 568-578. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.061)
Smith, A., Tauskela, J.S., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2009) Preconditioning with 4-aminopyridine protects cerebellar granule neurons against excitotoxicity. Brain Research, 1294, pp. 165-175. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.061)
Al-Gonaiah, M., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2009) Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA. Brain Research, 1280, pp. 33-42. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.024)
Rodgers, J. , Stone, T.W., Barrett, M.P., Bradley, B.M. and Kennedy, P.G.E. (2009) Kynurenine pathway inhibition reduces central nervous system inflammation in a model of human African trypanosomiasis. Brain, 132(5), pp. 1259-1267. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awp074)
MacKay, G.M., Forrest, C.M., Christofides, J., Bridel, M.A., Mitchell, S., Cowlard, R., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L.G. (2009) Kynurenine metabolites and inflammation markers in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or counselling. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 36(4), pp. 425-435. (doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05077.x)
Smith, A.J., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2009) 5-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, generates oxidative stress and neuronal death via p38 activation in cultured cerebellar granule neurones. Neurotoxicity Research, 15(4), pp. 303-310. (doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9034-0)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Responses of differentiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells to reactive oxygen species. European Journal of Pharmacology, 587(1-3), pp. 35-41. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.024)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Adenosine receptor ligands protect against a combination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in cerebellar granule neurons. Experimental Brain Research, 186(1), pp. 151-160. (doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1218-3)
Fatokun, A.A., Smith, R.A. and Stone, T.W. (2008) Resistance to kynurenic acid of the NMDA receptor-dependent toxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid and cyanide in cerebellar granule neurons. Brain Research, 1215, pp. 200-207. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.013)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration and available means of protection. Frontiers in Bioscience, 13(1), pp. 3288-3311. (doi: 10.2741/2926)
Fatokun, A.A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Prolonged exposures of cerebellar granule neurons to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) induce neuronal damage independently of peroxynitrite. Brain Research, 1230(16), pp. 265-272. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.109)
Ferguson, A.L. and Stone, T.W. (2008) Adenosine preconditions against ouabain but not against glutamate on CA1-evoked potentials in rat hippocampal slices. European Journal of Neuroscience, 28(10), pp. 2084-2098. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06490.x)
Smith, A.J., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R.A. (2008) Preconditioning with NMDA protects against toxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid or glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 440(3), pp. 294-298. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.066)
Addae, J., Ali, N., Youssef, F. and Stone, T.W. (2007) AMPA receptor activation reduces epileptiform activity in the rat neocortex. Brain Research, 1158, pp. 151-157. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.002)
Darlington, L., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., George, C. and Stone, T.W. (2007) Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26, pp. 2211-2221. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05838.x)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2007) Cell death in rat cerebellar granule neurons induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro: Mechanisms and protection by adenosine receptor ligands. Brain Research, 1132, pp. 193-202. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.008)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2007) Hydrogen peroxide mediates damage by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures. Neuroscience Letters, 416, pp. 34-38. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.078)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2007) Inflammatory status and kynurenine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis treated with melatonin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64, pp. 517-526. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02911.x)
Guilding, C., McNair, K., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2007) Restored plasticity in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1 via inhibition of hyperactive ERK and CREB. European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, pp. 99-105. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05238.x)
MacGregor, D., Mallon, A., Harvey, A., Young, L., Nimmo, H. and Stone, T.W. (2007) Group S8A serine proteases, including a novel enzyme cadeprin, induce long-lasting, metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic depression in rat hippocampal slices. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26, pp. 1870-1880. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05808.x)
Stone, T.W. (2007) Kynurenic acid blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission to hippocampal interneurons in young rats. European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, pp. 2656-2665. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05540.x)
Stone, T.W. (2007) Neurotoxicity of tryptophan metabolites. Biochemical Society Transactions, 35(5), pp. 1287-1289. (doi: 10.1042/BST0351287)
Stone, T.W. and Behan, W. (2007) Interleukin-1 beta but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates neuronal damage by quinolinic acid: Protection by an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 85, pp. 1077-1085. (doi: 10.1002/jnr.21212)
Stone, T.W. , Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2007) Tryptophan, adenosine, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Metabolic Brain Disease, 22, pp. 337-352. (doi: 10.1007/s11011-007-9064-3)
Christofides, J., Bridel, M., Egerton, M., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2006) Blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and melatonin levels in patients with either Huntington's disease or chronic brain injury. Journal of Neurochemistry, 97, pp. 1078-1088. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03807.x)
Fatokun, A., Stone, T.W. and Smith, R. (2006) Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells: The effect of glutamate and protection by purines. Bone, 39, pp. 542-551. (doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.062)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2006) Kynurenine pathway metabolism in patients with osteoporosis after 2 years of drug treatment. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 33, pp. 1078-1087. (doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04490.x)
Forrest, C., Stone, T.W. , Mackay, G., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Harman, G. and Darlington, L. (2006) Purine metabolism and clinical status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with dipyridamole. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 25, pp. 1287-1290. (doi: 10.1080/15257770600890780)
Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. , Harman, G., Mackay, G., Oxford, L. and Darlington, L. (2006) Adenosine and cytokine levels following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with dipyridamole. Rheumatology International, 27, pp. 11-17. (doi: 10.1007/s00296-006-0212-6)
Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Stoy, N., Christofides, J., Egerton, M., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2006) Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with chronic brain injury. European Journal of Neurology, 13, pp. 30-42.
Youssef, F., Addae, J. and Stone, T.W. (2006) NMDA-induced preconditioning attenuates synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus. Brain Research, 1073, pp. 183-189. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.008)
Clark, C., Mackay, G., Smythe, G., Bustamante, S., Stone, T.W. and Phillips, R. (2005) Prolonged survival of a murine model of cerebral malaria by kynurenine pathway inhibition. Infection and Immunity, 73, pp. 5249-5251. (doi: 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5249-5251.2005)
Clark, C., Phillips, R., McMillan, R., Montgomery, I. and Stone, T.W. (2005) Differences in the neurochemical characteristics of the cortex and striatum of mice with cerebral malaria. Parasitology, 130, pp. 23-29. (doi: 10.1017/S0031182004006237)
Forrest, C., Harman, G., McMillan, R., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2005) Modulation of cytokine release by purine receptors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 23, pp. 89-92.
Mallon, A., Auberson, Y. and Stone, T.W. (2005) Selective subunit antagonists suggest an inhibitory relationship between NR2B and NR2A-subunit containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in hippocampal slices. Experimental Brain Research, 162, pp. 374-383. (doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-2193-6)
Stone, T.W. (2005) Adenosine, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Neurological Research, 27, pp. 161-168. (doi: 10.1179/016164105X21896)
Stoy, N., Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Christofides, J., Egerton, M., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2005) Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 93, pp. 611-623. (doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03070.x)
Forrest, C., Harman, G., McMillan, R., Rana, C., Shaw, S., Stone, T.W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2004) Purine modulation of cytokine release during diuretic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 23, pp. 1107-1110. (doi: 10.1081/NCN-200027369)
Forrest, C., Mackay, G., Stoy, N., Egerton, M., Christofides, J., Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2004) Tryptophan loading induces oxidative stress. Free Radical Research, 38, pp. 1167-1171. (doi: 10.1080/10715760400011437)
Mally, J., Farkas, R., Tothfalusi, L. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Long-term follow-up study with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Parkinson's disease. Brain Research Bulletin, 64, pp. 259-263. (doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.07.004)
OKane, E. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Barium, glibenclamide and CGS21680 prevent adenosine A(1) receptor changes of ES coupling and spike threshold. Neurosignals, 13, pp. 318-324. (doi: 10.1159/000081967)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2004) Increased long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus via modulation of GTPase signalling or inhibition of Rho kinase. Neuropharmacology, 46, pp. 879-887. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.020)
Shahraki, A., Fukunari, A. and Stone, T.W. (2004) The mechanism of inhibition by xanthine of adenosine A(1)-receptor responses in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 365, pp. 162-166. (doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.075)
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2004) Blockade of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptor responses by nitric oxide and superoxide in rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20, pp. 719-728. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03502.x)
Clark, C., Phillips, R. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Neuropeptide-containing cells in the cortex and striatum of mice with cerebral malaria. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 347-352.
Forrest, C., Gould, S., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Levels of purine, kynurenine and lipid peroxidation products in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 395-400.
Forrest, C., Kennedy, A., Stone, T.W. , Stoy, N. and Darlington, L. (2003) Kynurenine and neopterin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis during drug treatment. Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism, 527, pp. 287-295.
Giles, G., Collins, C., Stone, T.W. and Jacob, C. (2003) Electrochemical and in vitro evaluation of the redox-properties of kynurenine species. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 300, pp. 719-724. (doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02917-0)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2003) Activation of Rho GTPases by synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Journal of Neurochemistry, 87, pp. 1309-1312. (doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02102.x)
OKane, E., Stone, T.W. and Morris, B. (2003) Distribution of Rho family GTPases in the adult rat hippocampus and cerebellum. Molecular Brain Research, 114, pp. 1-8. (doi: 10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00121-9)
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2003) Interactions between adenosine and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampal slice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 138, pp. 1059-1068. (doi: 10.1038/SJ.BJP.705083)
Stone, T.W. (2003) Neuroprotective role of learning in dementia: a biological explanation. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 5(2), pp. 91-104.
Stone, T.W. (2003) Purine levels and cytokine release with diuretic administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 3(4), pp. 371-379.
Stone, T.W. , Mackay, G., Forrest, C., Clark, C. and Darlington, L. (2003) Tryptophan metabolites and brain disorders. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 41, pp. 852-859.
Youssef, F., Addae, J. and Stone, T.W. (2003) LTP-induced depression of response to hypoxia in hippocampus: effects of adenosine receptor activation. NeuroReport, 14, pp. 1809-1814. (doi: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000092473.09492.f4)
Behan, W. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Enhanced neuronal damage by co-administration of quinolinic acid and free radicals, and protection by adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists. British Journal of Pharmacology, 135, pp. 1435-1442.
Forrest, C., Youd, P., Kennedy, A., Gould, S., Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Purine, kynurenine, neopterin and lipid peroxidation levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Biomedical Science, 9, pp. 436-442.
Santangeli, S., Sills, G.J., Stone, T.W. and Brodie, M. (2002) Differential effects of remacemide and desglycinyl-remacemide on epileptiform burst firing in the rat hippocampal slice. Neuroscience Letters, 321, pp. 33-36.
Shahraki, A. and Stone, T.W. (2002) Long-term potentiation and adenosine sensitivity are unchanged in the AS/AGU protein kinase C gamma-deficient rat. Neuroscience Letters, 327, pp. 165-168.
Stone, T.W. (2002) Purines and neuroprotection. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS, 513, pp. 249-280.
Stone, T.W. and Addae, J. (2002) The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection. European Journal of Pharmacology, 447, pp. 285-296.
Stone, T.W. and Darlington, L. (2002) Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1, pp. 609-620. (doi: 10.1038/nrd870)
Darlington, L. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. British Journal of Nutrition, 85, pp. 251-269.
Deaney, C. et al. (2001) Levels of lipid peroxidation products in a chronic inflammatory disorder. Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology, 110, pp. 87-95.
Nikbakht, M. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Suppression of presynaptic responses to adenosine by activation of NMDA receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology, 427, pp. 13-25.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Endogenous neurotoxins from tryptophan. Toxicon, 39, pp. 61-73.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Kynurenic acid antagonists and kynurenine pathway inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 10, pp. 633-645.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Kynurenines in the CNS: from endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance. Progress in Neurobiology, 64, pp. 185-218.
Stone, T.W. (2001) Neuroprotection by adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Drug Development Research, 52(39479), pp. 323-330. (doi: 10.1002/ddr.1130)
Stone, T.W. (2001) Purines in Portugal. Trends in Neurosciences, 24(11), pp. 629-630. (doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01992-5)
Stone, T.W. (2001) The role of kynurenines in the production of neuronal death and the neuroprotective effect of purines. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 3(4), pp. 355-366.
Stone, T.W. , Jones, P. and Smith, R.A. (2001) Neuroprotection by A(2A) receptor antagonists. Drug Development Research, 52, pp. 323-330.
Youssef, F., Addae, J., McRae, A. and Stone, T.W. (2001) Long-term potentiation protects rat hippocampal slices from the effects of acute hypoxia. Brain Research, 907, pp. 144-150.
Connick, J.H., Heywood, G.C., Sills, G.J., Thompson, G.G., Brodie, M.J. and Stone, T.W. (1992) Nicotinylalanine increases cerebral kynurenic acid content and has anticonvulsant activity. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 23(2), pp. 235-239. (doi: 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90017-E) (PMID:1639238)
Book Sections
Stone, T. W. , Forrest, C. M. and Darlington, L. G. (2015) Kynurenines and brain development. In: Mittal, S. (ed.) Targeting the Broadly Pathogenic Kynurenine Pathway. Springer: Cham, pp. 45-61. ISBN 9783319118697 (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-11870-3_4)
Addae, J. I. and Stone, T. W. (2014) Quinolinate and related excitotoxins: mechanisms of neurotoxicity and disease relevance. In: Kostrzewa, R. M. (ed.) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer Reference: New York, pp. 1543-1565. ISBN 9781461458357 (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_127)
Stone, T.W. , Ceruti, S. and Abbracchio, M. (2009) Adenosine Receptors and Neurological Disease: Neuroprotection and Neurodegeneration. In: Wilson, C.N. and Mustafa, S.J. (eds.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer Berlin: Heidelberg, pp. 535-587. (doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-89615-9_17)