2024

Arba, F., Ferretti, S., Leigh, R., Fara, A., Warach, S. J., Luby, M., Lees, K. R. and Dawson, J. (2024) Cerebral small vessel disease and infarct growth in acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Translational Stroke Research, (doi: 10.1007/s12975-024-01277-2) (PMID:38963535) (Early Online Publication)

2023

Dawson, J. et al. (2023) Xanthine oxidase inhibition and white matter hyperintensity progression following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST): a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine, 57, 101863. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101863) (PMID:36864979) (PMCID:PMC9972492)

2021

Liu, C.-F. et al. (2021) Deep learning-based detection and segmentation of diffusion abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke. Communications Medicine, 1, 61. (doi: 10.1038/s43856-021-00062-8)

Ahmed, N., Lees, K. R., von Kummer, R., Holmin, S., Escudero-Martinez, I., Bottai, M., Jansen, O. and Wahlgren, N. (2021) The SITS Open study: a prospective, open label blinded evaluation study of thrombectomy in clinical practice. Stroke, 52(3), pp. 792-801. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031031) (PMID:33563015)

Agrafiotis, D. K. et al. (2021) Accurate prediction of clinical stroke scales and improved biomarkers of motor impairment from robotic measurements. PLoS ONE, 16(1), e0245874. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245874) (PMID:33513170) (PMCID:PMC7845999)

2020

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2020) Timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation comparing posterior and anterior circulation strokes. European Stroke Journal, 5(4), pp. 374-383. (doi: 10.1177/2396987320937116)

Yu, W. M., Abdul-Rahim, A. , Cameron, A., Kõrv, J., Sevcik, P., Toni, D. and Lees, K. (2020) The incidence and associated factors of early neurological deterioration after thrombolysis: Results from SITS Registry. Stroke, 51(9), pp. 2705-2714. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028287) (PMID:32811373)

Bluhmki, E., Danays, T., Biegert, G., Hacke, W. and Lees, K. R. (2020) Alteplase for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged >80 years: pooled analyses of individual patient data. Stroke, 51(8), pp. 2322-2331. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028396) (PMID:32611284) (PMCID:PMC7382542)

Giustozzi, M. et al. (2020) Safety of anticoagulation in patients treated with urgent reperfusion for ischemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation. Stroke, 51(8), pp. 2347-2354. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030143) (PMID:32646335)

Cadilhac, D. A. et al. (2020) Improving economic evaluations in stroke: a report from the ESO Health Economics Working Group. European Stroke Journal, 5(2), pp. 184-192. (doi: 10.1177/2396987319897466) (PMID:32637652) (PMCID:PMC7313366)

Mentel, A., Quinn, T. J. , Cameron, A. C., Lees, K. R. and Abdul-Rahim, A. H. (2020) The impact of atrial fibrillation type on the risks of thromboembolic recurrence, mortality and major haemorrhage in patients with previous stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. European Stroke Journal, 5(2), pp. 155-168. (doi: 10.1177/2396987319896674) (PMID:32637649) (PMCID:32637649)

Doerrfuss, J. I., Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Siegerink, B., Nolte, C. H., Lees, K. R., Endres, M., Kasner, S. E. and Scheitz, J. F. (2020) Early in-hospital exposure to statins and outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – results from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. European Stroke Journal, 5(1), pp. 85-93. (doi: 10.1177/2396987319889258) (PMID:32232174) (PMCID:PMC7092741)

Davis, S. M., Hacke, W., Norrving, B., Brainin, M., Lees, K. R. and Donnan, G. A. (2020) International impact of stroke. Stroke, 51(3), pp. 1036-1039. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028422) (PMID:32073365)

Keselman, B. et al. (2020) Safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in posterior versus anterior circulation stroke. Stroke, 51(3), pp. 876-882. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027071) (PMID:31914885)

2019

Anker, S. D. et al. (2019) Evaluation of the effects of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial. European Journal of Heart Failure, 21(10), pp. 1279-1287. (doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1596) (PMID:31523904)

Packer, M. et al. (2019) Evaluation of the effect of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial. European Journal of Heart Failure, 21(10), pp. 1270-1278. (doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1536) (PMID:31584231)

Steele, C. M. et al. (2019) Development of a non-invasive device for swallow screening in patients at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia: results from a prospective exploratory study. Dysphagia, 34(5), pp. 698-707. (doi: 10.1007/s00455-018-09974-5) (PMID:30612234) (PMCID:PMC6717605)

Altavilla, R. et al. (2019) Anticoagulation after stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: to bridge or not with low-molecular-weight heparin? Stroke, 50(8), pp. 2093-2100. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022856) (PMID:31221054)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2019) Causes and risk factors of cerebral ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention. Stroke, 50(8), pp. 2168-2174. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025350) (PMID:31234756)

Hanley, D. F. et al. (2019) Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial. Lancet, 393(10175), pp. 1021-1032. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30195-3) (PMID:30739747)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2019) Early recurrence in paroxysmal versus sustained atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. European Stroke Journal, 4(1), pp. 55-64. (doi: 10.1177/2396987318785853) (PMID:31165095) (PMCID:PMC6533867)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Dickie, D. A. , Selvarajah, J. R., Lees, K. R. and Quinn, T. J. (2019) Stroke aetiological classification reliability and effect on trial sample size: systematic review, meta-analysis and statistical modelling. Trials, 20, 107. (doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3222-x) (PMID:30736833) (PMCID:PMC6368715)

2018

Godolphin, P. J. et al. (2018) Central adjudication of serious adverse events did not affect trial's safety results: data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial. PLoS ONE, 13(11), e0208142. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208142) (PMID:30475912) (PMCID:PMC6258247)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2018) Hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients and atrial fibrillation: time to initiation of anticoagulants and outcome. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(22), e010133.

Sandset, E. C. et al. (2018) Protocol for a prospective collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled trials of vasoactive drugs in acute stroke: the blood pressure in acute stroke collaboration, stage-3. International Journal of Stroke, 13(7), pp. 759-765. (doi: 10.1177/1747493018772733) (PMID:29720045)

Dawson, J. et al. (2018) Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) – Protocol for a randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. European Stroke Journal, 3(3), pp. 281-290. (doi: 10.1177/2396987318771426) (PMID:30246149) (PMCID:PMC6120121)

Reinink, H. et al. (2018) PRECIOUS: PREvention of Complications to Improve OUtcome in elderly patients with acute Stroke. Rationale and design of a randomised, open, phase III, clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. European Stroke Journal, 3(3), pp. 291-298. (doi: 10.1177/2396987318772687) (PMID:30246150) (PMCID:PMC6120123)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Shen, L., Rush, C. J., Jhund, P. S. , Lees, K. R. and McMurray, J. J.V. (2018) Effect of digoxin in patients with heart failure and mid-range (borderline) left ventricular ejection fraction. European Journal of Heart Failure, 20(7), pp. 1139-1145. (doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1160) (PMID:29493058)

Cameron, A. C., Bogie, J., Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Ahmed, N., Mazya, M., Mikulik, R., Hacke, W. and Lees, K. R. (2018) Professional guideline versus product label selection for treatment with IV thrombolysis: an analysis from SITS registry. European Stroke Journal, 3(1), pp. 39-46. (doi: 10.1177/2396987317747737)

Mazya, M. V. et al. (2018) Minor stroke due to large artery occlusion. When is intravenous thrombolysis not enough? Results from the SITS International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. European Stroke Journal, 3(1), pp. 29-38. (doi: 10.1177/2396987317746003)

Scheitz, J. F., Lees, K. R. and Endres, M. (2018) Letter by Scheitz et al regarding article, "Randomized controlled trial of early versus delayed statin therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke: ASSORT trial (administration of statin on acute ischemic stroke patient)". Stroke, 49(3), e131. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019832) (PMID:29438082)

Hacke, W. et al. (2018) Effects of alteplase for acute stroke according to criteria defining the European Union and United States marketing authorizations: individual-patient-data meta-analysis of randomized trials. International Journal of Stroke, 13(2), pp. 175-189. (doi: 10.1177/1747493017744464) (PMID:29171359)

Arba, F., Quinn, T. J. , Hankey, G. J., Lees, K. R., Wardlaw, J. M., Ali, M. and Inzitari, D. (2018) Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognitive impairment after stroke and transient ischemic attack. International Journal of Stroke, 13(1), pp. 47-56. (doi: 10.1177/1747493016666091) (PMID:27543501)

2017

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2017) Early recurrence and major bleeding in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation treated with non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (RAF-NOACs) study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6(12), e007034. (doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007034) (PMID:29220330) (PMCID:PMC5779022)

Arba, F., Leigh, R., Inzitari, D., Warach, S. J., Luby, M. and Lees, K. R. (2017) Blood–brain barrier leakage increases with small vessel disease in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology, 89, pp. 2143-2150. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004677) (PMID:29070665)

Ahmed, N., Lees, K. R., Ringleb, P. A., Bladin, C., Collas, D., Toni, D. and Ford, G. A. (2017) Outcome after stroke thrombolysis in patients >80 years treated within 3 hours vs >3–4.5 hours. Neurology, 89(15), pp. 1561-1568. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004499) (PMID:28887377)

Quinn, T. J. , Singh, S., Lees, K. R., Bath, P. M. and Myint, P. K. (2017) Validating and comparing stroke prognosis scales. Neurology, 89(10), pp. 997-1002. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004332) (PMID:28794250)

De Meyer, S. F. et al. (2017) Analyses of thrombi in acute ischemic stroke: A consensus statement on current knowledge and future directions. International Journal of Stroke, 12(6), pp. 606-614. (doi: 10.1177/1747493017709671) (PMID:28534706)

Arba, F., Inzitari, D., Ali, M. , Warach, S.J., Luby, M. and Lees, K.R. (2017) Small vessel disease and clinical outcomes after IV rt-PA treatment. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 136(1), pp. 72-77. (doi: 10.1111/ane.12745) (PMID:28233290)

Kellert, L., Hametner, C., Ahmed, N., Rauch, G., MacLeod, M. J., Perini, F., Lees, K. R. and Ringleb, P. A. (2017) Reciprocal interaction of 24-hour blood pressure variability and systolic blood pressure on outcome in stroke thrombolysis. Stroke, 48(7), pp. 1827-1834. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016876) (PMID:28546325)

Acciarresi, M. et al. (2017) Prestroke CHA2DS2-VASc score and severity of acute stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from RAF study. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26(6), pp. 1363-1368. (doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.02.011) (PMID:28236595)

Arba, F., Quinn, T. , Hankey, G.J., Inzitari, D., Ali, M. and Lees, K. R. (2017) Determinants of post-stroke cognitive impairment: analysis from VISTA. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 136(6), pp. 603-607. (doi: 10.1111/ane.12637) (PMID:27412470)

Atkins, E. R. et al. (2017) Side effects and tolerability of combination blood pressure lowering according to blood pressure levels: an analysis of the perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study and action in diabetes and vascular disease: preterax and diamicron-MR controlled evaluation trials. Journal of Hypertension, 35(6), pp. 1318-1325. (doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001287) (PMID:28169881)

Guimarães, P. O. et al. (2017) Effect of Apixaban on all-cause death in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis based on imputed placebo effect. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 31(3), pp. 295-301. (doi: 10.1007/s10557-017-6728-z) (PMID:28516318)

Woodhouse, L. J., Manning, L., Potter, J. F., Berge, E., Sprigg, N., Wardlaw, J., Lees, K. R., Bath, P. M. and Robinson, T. G. (2017) Continuing or temporarily stopping prestroke antihypertensive medication in acute stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Hypertension, 69(5), pp. 933-941. (doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07982) (PMID:28264916)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. et al. (2017) Risk of stroke in chronic heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction, but without atrial fibrillation: analysis of the CHARM-Preserved and I-Preserve trials. European Heart Journal, 38(10), pp. 742-750. (doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw509) (PMID:28426886) (PMCID:PMC5460584)

Ali, M. , MacIsaac, R., Quinn, T. J. , Bath, P. M., Veenstra, D. L., Xu, Y., Brady, M. C., Patel, A. and Lees, K. R. (2017) Dependency and health utilities in stroke: Data to inform cost-effectiveness analyses. European Stroke Journal, 2(1), pp. 70-76. (doi: 10.1177/2396987316683780)

Antonenko, K. et al. (2017) Sex-related differences in risk factors, type of treatment received and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute stroke: Results from the RAF-study (Early Recurrence and Cerebral Bleeding in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation). European Stroke Journal, 2(1), pp. 46-53. (doi: 10.1177/2396987316679577)

MacIsaac, R. L., Ali, M. , Taylor-Rowan, M. , Rodgers, H., Lees, K. R. and Quinn, T. J. (2017) Use of a 3-item short-form version of the Barthel Index for use in stroke. Stroke, 48(3), pp. 618-623. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014789) (PMID:28154094)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2017) Prediction of early recurrent thromboembolic event and major bleeding in patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation by a risk stratification schema: the ALESSA score study. Stroke, 48(3), pp. 726-732. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015770) (PMID:28183856)

Wilson, A. et al. (2017) Understanding the relationship between costs and the modified Rankin Scale: A systematic review, multidisciplinary consensus and recommendations for future studies. European Stroke Journal, 2(1), pp. 3-12. (doi: 10.1177/2396987316684705)

Hanley, D. F. et al. (2017) Thrombolytic removal of intraventricular haemorrhage in treatment of severe stroke: results of the randomised, multicentre, multiregion, placebo-controlled CLEAR III trial. Lancet, 389(10069), pp. 603-611. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32410-2) (PMID:28081952) (PMCID:PMC6108339)

Arba, F., Quinn, T. , Hankey, G.J., Ali, M. , Lees, K. R. and Inzitari, D. (2017) Cerebral small vessel disease, medial temporal lobe atrophy and cognitive status in patients with ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. European Journal of Neurology, 24(2), pp. 276-282. (doi: 10.1111/ene.13191) (PMID:27862654)

Hametner, C., MacIsaac, R. L., Kellert, L., Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Ringleb, P. A., Lees, K. R. and , - (2017) Sex and stroke in thrombolyzed patients and controls. Stroke, 48(2), pp. 367-374. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014323) (PMID:28028149)

Scheitz, J. F. et al. (2017) Clinical selection strategies to identify ischemic stroke patients with large anterior vessel occlusion: results from SITS-ISTR (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry). Stroke, 48(2), pp. 290-297. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014431) (PMID:28087804)

2016

METACOHORTS Consortium, et al. (2016) METACOHORTS for the study of vascular disease and its contribution to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: An initiative of the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease Research. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 12(12), pp. 1235-1249. (doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.004) (PMID:27490018)

Nolte, C.H. et al. (2016) Impact of heart rate on admission on mortality and morbidity in acute ischaemic stroke patients - results from VISTA. European Journal of Neurology, 23(12), pp. 1750-1756. (doi: 10.1111/ene.13115) (PMID:27516056)

Ahmed, N. et al. (2016) The SITS-UTMOST: a registry-based prospective study in Europe investigating the impact of regulatory approval of intravenous Actilyse in the extended time window (3–4.5 h) in acute ischaemic stroke. European Stroke Journal, 1(3), pp. 213-221. (doi: 10.1177/2396987316661890)

Lees, K. R. et al. (2016) Effects of alteplase for acute stroke on the distribution of functional outcomes: a pooled analysis of 9 trials. Stroke, 47(9), pp. 2373-2379. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013644) (PMID:27507856)

Berge, E., Stapf, C., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Ford, G. A., Sandercock, P., van der Worp, H. B., Petersson, J., Dippel, D. W.J., Krieger, D. W. and Lees, K. R. (2016) Methods to improve patient recruitment and retention in stroke trials. International Journal of Stroke, 11(6), pp. 663-676. (doi: 10.1177/1747493016641963) (PMID:27118766)

Lees, K. R., Khatri, P. and STAIR IX Collaborators, (2016) Stroke treatment academic industry roundtable recommendations for individual data pooling analyses in stroke. Stroke, 47(8), pp. 2154-2159. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012966) (PMID:27406108)

Whiteley, W. N. et al. (2016) Risk of intracerebral haemorrhage with alteplase after acute ischaemic stroke: a secondary analysis of an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Neurology, 15(9), pp. 925-933. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30076-X) (PMID:27289487)

Dichgans, M., Planas, A. M., Biessels, G. J., van der Worp, B., Sudlow, C., Norrving, B., Lees, K. and Mattle, H. P. (2016) Third European Stroke Science Workshop. Stroke, 47(7), e178-e186. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013516) (PMID:27283200)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. et al. (2016) Effect of single and dual renin-angiotensin blockade on stroke in patients with and without diabetes in VALIANT. European Stroke Journal, 1(2), pp. 93-100. (doi: 10.1177/2396987316646025)

Krishnan, K. et al. (2016) Continuing versus stopping prestroke antihypertensive therapy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: a subgroup analysis of the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(5), pp. 1017-1026. (doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.010) (PMID:26853137) (PMCID:PMC4851456)

Lees, K. R., Selim, M. H., Molina, C. A. and Broderick, J. P. (2016) Early versus late assessment of stroke outcome. Stroke, 47(5), pp. 1416-1419. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011153) (PMID:26896434)

Scheitz, J. F., MacIsaac, R. L., Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Siegerink, B., Bath, P. M., Endres, M. and Lees, K. R. (2016) Statins and risk of poststroke hemorrhagic complications. Neurology, 86(17), pp. 1590-1596. (doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002606) (PMID:27016519)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , MacIsaac, R. L., Jhund, P. S. , Petrie, M. C. , Lees, K. R. and McMurray, J. J.V. (2016) Efficacy and safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction according to diabetes status: An analysis of the Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial. International Journal of Cardiology, 209, pp. 310-316. (doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.074) (PMID:26913372)

Arba, F., Ali, M. , Quinn, T. J. , Hankey, G. J., Lees, K. R. and Inzitari, D. (2016) Lacunar Infarcts, depression, and anxiety symptoms one year after stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(4), pp. 831-834. (doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.018) (PMID:26778600)

Hesse, K., Macisaac, R. L., Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Lyden, P. D., Bluhmki, E. and Lees, K. R. (2016) Online tool to improve stratification of adverse events in stroke clinical trials. Stroke, 47, pp. 882-885. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011930) (PMID:26742798)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2016) Prognostic value of trans-thoracic echocardiography in patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation: findings from the RAF study. Journal of Neurology, 263(2), pp. 231-237. (doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7957-3) (PMID:26566907)

Tran, R.T., Rankin, A.J. , Abdul-Rahim, A.H. , Lip, G.Y.H., Rankin, A.C. and Lees, K.R. (2016) Short runs of atrial arrhythmia and stroke risk: a European-wide online survey among stroke physicians and cardiologists. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 46(2), pp. 87-92. (doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2016.204) (PMID:27929570)

Wahlgren, N. et al. (2016) Mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: consensus statement by ESO-Karolinska stroke update 2014/2015, supported by ESO, ESMINT, ESNR and EAN. International Journal of Stroke, 11(1), pp. 134-147. (doi: 10.1177/1747493015609778) (PMID:26763029)

2015

Mazya, M. V., Lees, K. R., Collas, D., Rand, V.-M., Mikulik, R., Toni, D., Wahlgren, N. and Ahmed, N. (2015) IV thrombolysis in very severe and severe ischemic stroke: Results from the SITS-ISTR Registry. Neurology, 85(24), pp. 2098-2106. (doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002199) (PMID:26546630)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Fulton, R. L., Sucharew, H., Kleindorfer, D., Khatri, P., Broderick, J. P. and Lees, K. R. (2015) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale item profiles as predictor of patient outcome: external validation on safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke–monitoring study data. Stroke, 46(10), pp. 2779-2785. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010380) (PMID:26359360)

Macisaac, R. L. et al. (2015) A collaborative sequential meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials of endovascular therapy and tPA vs. tPA alone for acute ischemic stroke: ThRombEctomy and tPA (TREAT) analysis: statistical analysis plan for a sequential meta-anal. International Journal of Stroke, 10(Sup), pp. 136-144. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12622) (PMID:26352438)

Campbell, B.C. V. et al. (2015) Endovascular stent thrombectomy: the new standard of care for large vessel ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurology, 14(8), pp. 846-854. (doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00140-4) (PMID:26119323)

Cooray, C., Fekete, K., Mikulik, R., Lees, K.R., Wahlgren, N. and Ahmed, N. (2015) Threshold for NIH stroke scale in predicting vessel occlusion and functional outcome after stroke thrombolysis. International Journal of Stroke, 10(6), pp. 822-829. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12451) (PMID:25588617)

Abdul-Rahim, A.H. , Fulton, R.L., Frank, B., Tatlisumak, T., Paciaroni, M., Caso, V., Diener, H.-C. and Lees, K.R. (2015) Association of improved outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation who receive early antithrombotic therapy: analysis from VISTA. European Journal of Neurology, 22(7), pp. 1048-1055. (doi: 10.1111/ene.12577) (PMID:25319957)

Lees, K. R. (2015) Implications of thrombectomy trial results for stroke management systems. International Journal of Stroke, 10(5), pp. 651-652. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12542) (PMID:26094667)

Wintermark, M. et al. (2015) International survey of acute Stroke imaging used to make revascularization treatment decisions. International Journal of Stroke, 10(5), pp. 759-762. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12491) (PMID:25833105)

Abdul-Rahim, A. and Lees, K. (2015) Screening for atrial fibrillation after stroke or TIA. Lancet Neurology, 14(4), pp. 345-347. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)70039-6) (PMID:25748101)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. et al. (2015) Risk of stroke in chronic heart failure patients without atrial fibrillation: analysis of the controlled rosuvastatin in multinational trial heart failure (corona) and the gruppo italiano per lo studio della sopravvivenza nell'insufficienza cardiaca-heart failure (gissi-hf) trials. Circulation, 131(17), pp. 1486-1494. (doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013760) (PMID:25810334)

Berge, E., Ford, G. A., Bath, P. M.W., Stapf, C., van der Worp, H. B., Demotes, J., Broderick, J., Al-Shahi Salman, R. and Lees, K. (2015) Regulation and governance of multinational drug trials in stroke: barriers and possibilities. International Journal of Stroke, 10(3), pp. 425-428. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12427) (PMID:25580572)

Abdul-Rahim, A.H. et al. (2015) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale item profiles as predictor of patient outcome: external validation on independent trial data. Stroke, 46(2), pp. 395-400. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006837) (PMID:25503546)

Abdul-Rahim, A.H. , Fulton, R.L., Frank, B., McMurray, J.J.V. and Lees, K.R. (2015) Associations of chronic heart failure with outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients who received systemic thrombolysis: analysis from VISTA. European Journal of Neurology, 22(1), pp. 163-169. (doi: 10.1111/ene.12548) (PMID:25370204)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. et al. (2015) Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Risk of Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) Trials.”. Circulation, 132(22), e358. (doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018395) (PMID:26621661)

Khatri, P. et al. (2015) State of acute endovascular therapy: report from the 12th thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and acute stroke therapy conference. Stroke, 46(6), pp. 1727-1734. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008782) (PMID:25944325)

Lees, K. R., Caso, V. and Fischer, U. (2015) Organizational update. Stroke, 46(9), e214-e215. (doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009631) (PMID:26304868)

Lees, K. R., Caso, V. and Michel, P. (2015) Organizational update: European Stroke Organisation. Stroke, 46(3), e67-e68. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.007734) (PMID:25657178)

Minnerup, J. et al. (2015) Feasibility platform for stroke studies: an online tool to improve eligibility criteria for clinical trials. Stroke, 46(1), pp. 137-142. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007124) (PMID:25395412)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2015) Early recurrence and cerebral bleeding in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Stroke, 46(8), pp. 2175-2182. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008891) (PMID:26130094)

Strbian, D., Ahmed, N., Wahlgren, N., Lees, K.R., Toni, D., Roffe, C., Surakka, I.L. and Tatlisumak, T. (2015) Trends in door-to-thrombolysis time in the safe implementation of stroke thrombolysis registry: effect of center volume and duration of registry membership. Stroke, 46(5), pp. 1275-1280. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007170)

2014

Emberson, J. et al. (2014) Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet, 384(9958), pp. 1929-1935. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60584-5) (PMID:25106063) (PMCID:PMC4441266)

Tran, R., Rankin, A., Abdul-Rahim, A. , Lees, K. and Rankin, A. (2014) Clinical relevance of short-runs of atrial tachy-arrhythmia: a UK wide survey of stroke physicians and cardiologists. International Journal of Stroke, 9(Sup S4), pp. 25-26. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12374_8)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L., Lees, K. R. and Sanders, R. D. (2014) Impact of benzodiazepines on functional outcome and occurrence of pneumonia in stroke: evidence from VISTA. International Journal of Stroke, 9(7), pp. 890-894. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12148)

Hesse, K. et al. (2014) Characteristic adverse events and their incidence among patients participating in acute ischemic stroke trials. Stroke, 45(9), pp. 2677-2682. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005845) (PMID:25082807)

Bath, P.M.W. et al. (2014) Baseline characteristics of the 4011 patients recruited into the 'Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke' (ENOS) trial. International Journal of Stroke, 9(6), pp. 711-720. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12308)

Bath, P. M. et al. (2014) Testing devices for the prevention and treatment of stroke and its complications. International Journal of Stroke, 9(6), pp. 683-695. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12302) (PMID:25043517)

Goldie, F. C., Fulton, R. L., Dawson, J. , Bluhmki, E. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Exploration of time-course combinations of outcome scales for use in a global test of stroke recovery. International Journal of Stroke, 9(6), pp. 755-758. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12131) (PMID:24148224)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L., Goldie, F. C., Hacke, W., Weimar, C. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Intracluster correlation coefficients and reliability of randomized multicenter stroke trials within VISTA. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 602-606. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12123)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L. and Lees, K. R. (2014) The effect of time to treatment on outcome in very elderly thrombolysed stroke patients. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 591-596. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12249)

Higgins, P., Walters, M. R. , Murray, H. M., McArthur, K., McConnachie, A. , Lees, K. R. and Dawson, J. (2014) Allopurinol reduces brachial and central blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness progression after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack: a randomised controlled trial. Heart, 100(14), pp. 1085-1092. (doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305683)

Higgins, P., Dawson, J. , Macfarlane, P. W., McArthur, K., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Predictive value of newly detected atrial fibrillation paroxysms in patients with acute ischemic stroke, for atrial fibrillation after 90 days. Stroke, 45(7), pp. 2134-2136. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005405)

Mattle, H. P., Brainin, M., Chamorro, A., Dichgans, M., Lees, K. R., Leys, D. and Michel, P. (2014) Second European Stroke Science Workshop. Stroke, 45(7), e113-e122. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005583)

Mishra, N. K., Mandava, P., Chen, C., Grotta, J., Lees, K. R. and Kent, T. A. (2014) Influence of racial differences on outcomes after thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 613-617. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12162)

van der Worp, H. B. et al. (2014) EuroHYP-1: European multicenter, randomized, phase III clinical trial of therapeutic hypothermia plus best medical treatment vs. best medical treatment alone for acute ischemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 642-645. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12294)

Goldie, F.C., Fulton, R.L., Frank, B. and Lees, K.R. (2014) Interdependence of stroke outcome scales: reliable estimates from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). International Journal of Stroke, 9(3), pp. 328-332. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12178)

Krebs, H.I. et al. (2014) Robotic measurement of arm movements after stroke establishes biomarkers of motor recovery. Stroke, 45(1), pp. 200-204. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002296)

Abdul-Rahim, A. H. , Fulton, R., Benedikt, F., Tatlisumak, T., Paciaroni, M., Caso, V., Diener, H.-C. and Lees, K. R. (2014) The role of antithrombotics therapy in recent ischaemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: analysis from VISTA. In: International Stroke Conference 2014, San Diego, CA, USA, 12-14 Feb 2014, p. 94.

Fulton, R. L. et al. (2014) Selection for delayed intravenous alteplase treatment based on a prognostic score. International Journal of Stroke, 10(1), pp. 90-94. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00943.x)

Hacke, W. et al. (2014) Transcranial laser therapy in acute stroke treatment: results of neurothera effectiveness and safety trial 3, a phase III clinical end point device trial. Stroke, 45(11), pp. 3187-3193. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005795)

Kishore, A., Vail, A., Majid, A., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., Tyrrell, P.J. and Smith, C.J. (2014) Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 45(2), pp. 520-526. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003433)

Lees, K. R. (2014) Serial Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score from baseline to 24 hours in swift: a novel surrogate end point for revascularization in acute stroke. Stroke, 45(3), pp. 653-654. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004484)

Rahlfs, V. W., Zimmermann, H. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Effect size measures and their relationships in stroke studies. Stroke, 45(2), pp. 627-633. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003151)

Rankin, A.J. , Tran, R.T., Abdul-Rahim, A.H. , Rankin, A.C. and Lees, K.R. (2014) Clinically important atrial arrhythmia and stroke risk: a UK-wide online survey among stroke physicians and cardiologists. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 107(11), pp. 895-902. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu177)

Tan, J., Fulton, R., Abdul-Rahim, A. and Lees, K. (2014) Comparison of responses to activase versus actilyse in acute ischaemic stroke. In: Glasgow Evidence-Based Medicine Society Conference 2013, Glasgow, UK, 5 Oct 2013, e43. (doi: 10.1177/0036933013518464)

2013

Frank, B., Fulton, R.L., Weimar, C., Lees, K.R. and Sanders, R.D. (2013) Use of paracetamol in ischaemic stroke patients: evidence from VISTA. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 128(3), pp. 172-177. (doi: 10.1111/ane.12094)

Hankey, G.J. et al. (2013) Effect of B vitamins and lowering homocysteine on cognitive impairment in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial and meta-analysis. Stroke, 44(8), pp. 2232-2239. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001886)

Mazya, M.V., Lees, K.R., Markus, R., Roine, R.O., Seet, R.O.S., Wahlgren, N. and Ahmed, N. (2013) Safety of IV thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in patients treated with warfarin. Annals of Neurology, 74(2), pp. 266-274. (doi: 10.1002/ana.23924)

Audebert, H.J., Saver, J.L., Starkman, S., Lees, K.R. and Endres, M. (2013) Prehospital stroke care: new prospects for treatment and clinical research. Neurology, 81(5), pp. 501-508. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829e0fdd)

Ahmed, N., Kellert, L., Lees, K.R., Mikulik, R., Tatlisumak, T. and Toni, D. (2013) Results of intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 to 6 hours and updated results within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke recorded in the safe implementation of treatment in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR)An Observational Study. JAMA Neurology, 70(7), pp. 837-844. (doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.406)

Ziai, W. C. et al. (2013) A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III study of Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III). International Journal of Stroke, 9(4), pp. 536-542. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12097)

Abdul-Rahim, A.H. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: how should we hunt for it? Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 11(4), pp. 485-494. (doi: 10.1586/erc.13.21)

Lees, K.R., Bornstein, N., Diener, H.-C., Gorelick, P.B., Rosenberg, G. and Shuaib, A. (2013) Results of membrane-activated chelator stroke intervention randomized trial of DP-b99 in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 44(3), pp. 580-584. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000013)

Morgan, T.C. et al. (2013) The modified graeb score: an enhanced tool for intraventricular hemorrhage measurement and prediction of functional outcome. Stroke, 44(3), pp. 635-641. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.670653)

Cameron, A.C., Lees, K.R., Booth, M., Bailey, A. and Hunter, W. (2013) A survey of principal researchers who lead research into adults with incapacity in Scotland. Scottish Medical Journal, 58(1), pp. 30-33. (doi: 10.1177/0036933012474592)

Bottle, A., Mozid, A., Grocott, H.P., Walters, M.R. , Lees, K.R., Aylin, P. and Sanders, R.D. (2013) Preoperative risk factors in 10 418 patients with prior myocardial infarction and 5241 patients with prior unstable angina undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111(3), pp. 417-423. (doi: 10.1093/bja/aet107)

Frank, B. et al. (2013) Thrombolysis in stroke despite contraindications or warnings? Stroke, 44(3), pp. 727-733. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.674622)

Hajjar, K., Fulton, R.L., Diener, H.-C. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Does the cognitive measure Cog-4 show improvement among patients treated with thrombolysis after acute stroke? International Journal of Stroke, 8(8), pp. 652-656. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00848.x)

Higgins, P., Macfarlane, P. W., Dawson, J. , McInnes, G. T., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K. R. (2013) Noninvasive cardiac event monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke, 44(9), pp. 2525-2531. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001927)

McArthur, K.S., Johnson, P.C.D. , Quinn, T. , Higgins, P., Langhorne, P. , Walters, M.R. , Weir, C.J., Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Improving the efficiency of stroke trials: feasibility and efficacy of group adjudication of functional end points. Stroke, 14(12), pp. 3422-3428. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002266)

Tu, H.T.H., Campbell, B.C.V., Meretoja, A., Churilov, L., Lees, K.R., Donnan, G.A. and Davis, S.M. (2013) Pre-stroke CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are useful in stratifying three-month outcomes in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 36(4), pp. 273-280. (doi: 10.1159/000353670)

Wintermark, M. et al. (2013) Acute stroke imaging research roadmap II. Stroke, 44(9), pp. 2628-2639. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002015)

2012

O'Brien, R.E. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Management of acute poststroke blood pressure and detection of atrial fibrillation: a postal questionnaire of UK stroke physicians' current clinical practice. Scottish Medical Journal, 57(4), pp. 204-208. (doi: 10.1258/smj.2012.012118)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2012) Microembolic signals and aspirin resistance in patients with carotid stenosis. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 30(4), pp. 234-239. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00259.x)

Higgins, P., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., McArthur, K., Quinn, T.J. and Walters, M.R. (2012) Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 30(4), pp. 217-226. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00277.x)

Hankey, G. J. et al. (2012) Antiplatelet therapy and the effects of B vitamins in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a post-hoc subanalysis of VITATOPS, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurology, 11(6), pp. 512-520. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70091-1)

Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R.L. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Seven-day NIHSS is a sensitive outcome measure for exploratory clinical trials in acute stroke: evidence from the virtual international stroke trials archive. Stroke, 43(5), pp. 1401-1403. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.644484)

Ali, M. et al. (2012) Development, expansion and use of a stroke clinical trials resource for novel exploratory analyses. International Journal of Stroke, 7(2), pp. 133-138. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00735.x)

Hankey, G. J. et al. (2012) Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke, 43(6), pp. 1572-1577. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641613)

Bath, P.M.W., Lees, K.R., Schellinger, P.D., Altman, H., Bland, M., Hogg, C., Howard, G. and Saver, J.L. (2012) Statistical analysis of the primary outcome in acute stroke trials. Stroke, 43(4), pp. 1171-1178. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641456)

Frank, B., Fulton, R., Weimar, C., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcome in Thrombolyzed patients with stroke: evidence from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 43(7), pp. 1872-1877. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.650838)

Howard, G., Waller, J.L., Voeks, J.H., Howard, V.J., Jauch, E.C., Lees, K.R., Nichols, F.T., Rahlfs, V.W. and Hess, D.C. (2012) A simple, assumption-free, and clinically interpretable approach for analysis of modified Rankin outcomes. Stroke, 43(3), pp. 664-669. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.632935)

Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R.L., Higgins, P., Bath, P.M.W., Shuaib, A., Lyden, P. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Response of blood pressure and blood glucose to treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: evidence from the virtual international stroke trials archive. Stroke, 43(2), pp. 399-404. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.627059)

Kerr, D.M. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Letter by Kerr and Lees Regarding Article, "Country Comparisons of Human Stroke Research Since 2001: A Bibliometric Study". Stroke, 43(5), e52-e52. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.653071)

Lees, K.R., Bath, P.M.W., Schellinger, P., Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R., Hacke, W., Matchar, D., Sehra, R. and Toni, D. (2012) Contemporary outcome measures in acute stroke research: choice of primary outcome measure. Stroke, 43(4), pp. 1163-1170. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641423)

Pitt, M., Monks, T., Agarwal, P., Worthington, D., Ford, G.A., Lees, K.R., Stein, K. and James, M.A. (2012) Will delays in treatment jeopardize the population benefit from extending the time window for stroke thrombolysis? Stroke, 43(11), pp. 2992-2997. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.638650)

2011

Rosenberg, G., Bornstein, N., Diener, H.-C., Gorelick, P.B., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K. (2011) The Membrane-Activated Chelator Stroke Intervention (MACSI) Trial of DP-b99 in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational pivotal Phase III study. International Journal of Stroke, 6(4), pp. 362-367. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00608.x)

Cameron, A., Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Walters, M.R. , McInnes, G.T., Morrison, D., Sloan, W. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Long-term outcome following attendance at a transient ischemic attack clinic. International Journal of Stroke, 6(4), pp. 306-311. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00591.x)

Hajjar, K., Kerr, D.M. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 54(3), pp. 901-907. (doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.062)

Mishra, N.K., Ahmed, N., Davalos, A., Iversen, H.K., Melo, T., Soinne, L., Wahlgren, N. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Thrombolysis outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with prior stroke and diabetes mellitus. Neurology, 77(21), pp. 1866-1872. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318238ee42)

Mishra, N.K., Shuaib, A., Lyden, P., Diener, H.-C., Grotta, J., Davis, S., Davalos, A., Ashwood, T., Wasiewski, W. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Home Time Is Extended in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Receive Thrombolytic Therapy: A Validation Study of Home Time as an Outcome Measure. Stroke, 42(4), pp. 1046-1050. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.601302)

2010

Harrison, J.K. , Sloan, B., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Morrison, D.S. (2010) The ABCD and ABCD2 as predictors of stroke in transient ischemic attack clinic outpatients: a retrospective cohort study over 14 years. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 103(9), pp. 679-685. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq108) (PMID:20601651)

Cucchiara, B., Kasner, S., Tanne, D., Levine, S., Demchuk, A., Messe, S., Sansing, L., Lees, K. and Lyden, P. (2010) Validation assessment of risk scores to predict postthrombolysis intracerebral haemorrhage. International Journal of Stroke, 6(2), pp. 109-111. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00556.x)

Ali, M., Juttler, E., Lees, K.R., Hacke, W. and Diedler, J. (2010) Patient outcomes in historical comparators compared with randomised-controlled trials. International Journal of Stroke, 5(1), pp. 10-15. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00393.x)

Ahmed, N. et al. (2010) Association of Admission Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis. Archives of Neurology, 67(9), pp. 1123-1130. (doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.210)

Ahmed, N., Wahlgren, N., Grond, M., Hennerici, M., Lees, K.R., Mikulik, R., Parsons, M., Roine, R.O., Toni, D. and Ringleb, P. (2010) Implementation and outcome of thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4·5 h after an acute stroke: an updated analysis from SITS-ISTR. Lancet Neurology, 9(9), pp. 866-874. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70165-4)

Ali, M. et al. (2010) VISTA-Rehab: A resource for stroke rehabilitation trials. International Journal of Stroke, 5(6), pp. 447-452. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00485.x)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Rafferty, M., Higgins, P., Ray, G., Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2010) Aspirin resistance and compliance with therapy. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 29(5), pp. 301-307. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00188.x)

Diedler, J. et al. (2010) Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy at stroke onset. Stroke, 41(2), pp. 288-294. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.559724)

Ederle, J. et al. (2010) Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 375(9719), pp. 985-997. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60239-5)

Kumar, N., Davis, S.M., Kaste, M. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Comparison of Outcomes Following Thrombolytic Therapy Among Patients With Prior Stroke and Diabetes in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Diabetes Care, 33(12), pp. 2531-2537.

Lees, K.R. et al. (2010) Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet, 375(9727), pp. 1695-1703. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60491-6)

McArthur, K. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Advances in emerging therapies 2009. Stroke, 41(2), e67-e70. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.571539)

Mishra, N.K., Ahmed, N., Andersen, G., Egido, J.A., Lindsberg, P.J., Ringleb, P.A., Wahlgren, N.G. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Thrombolysis in very elderly people: controlled comparison of SITS international stroke thrombolysis registry and virtual international stroke trials archive. British Medical Journal, 341, c6046. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6046)

Mishra, N.K., Diener, H.-C., Lyden, P.D., Bluhmki, E. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Influence of age on outcome from thrombolysis in acute stroke: a controlled comparison in patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 41(12), pp. 2840-2848. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.586206)

Mishra, N.K., Donnan, G.A., Furlan, A.J., Hacke, W. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Mismatch-based delayed thrombolysis: a meta-analysis. Stroke, 41(1), e25-e33. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.566869)

Mishra, N.K. et al. (2010) 5th UK Stroke Forum Conference 30 November-2 December 2010 SECC, Glasgow, UK Abstracts. International Journal of Stroke, 5(Suppl.), pp. 3-67.

Mishra, N.K., Lyden, P., Grotta, J.C. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Thrombolysis is associated with consistent functional improvement across baseline stroke severity: a comparison of outcomes in patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 41(11), pp. 2612-2617. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.589317)

Weimar, C., Ali, M., Lees, K.R., Bluhmki, E., Donnan, G. A. and Diener, H. C. (2010) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA): results and impact on future stroke trials and management of stroke patients. International Journal of Stroke, 5(2), pp. 103-109.

2009

Dawson, J., Quinn, T.J., Harrow, C., Lees, K.R. and Walters, M. (2009) The effect of allopurinol on the cerebral vasculature of patients with subcortical stroke; a randomized trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 68(5), pp. 662-668. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03497.x)

Kamel, H., Lees, K.R., Lyden, P.D., Teal, P.A., Shuaib, A., Ali, M. and Johnston, S.C. (2009) Delayed detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 18(6), pp. 453-457. (doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.012)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Functional outcome measures in contemporary stroke trials. International Journal of Stroke, 4(3), pp. 200-205. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00271.x) (PMID:19659822)

Ali, M., Lyden, P., Sacco, R.L., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Natural history of complications after intracerebral haemorrhage. European Journal of Neurology, 16(5), pp. 624-630. (doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02559.x)

Ahmed, N., Ford, G.A., Kaste, M., Lees, K.R. and Toni, D. (2009) Relationship of blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, and outcome in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis: retrospective analysis from Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR). Stroke, 40(7), pp. 2442-2449. (doi: 10.1161/​STROKEAHA.109.548602)

Ali, M., Sacco, R. and Lees, K. (2009) Primary end-point times, functional outcome and adverse event profile after acute ischaemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 4(6), pp. 432-442.

Ali, M. , Atula, S., Bath, P.M.W., Grotta, J., Hacke, W., Lyden, P., Marler, J.R., Sacco, R.L. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries. Stroke, 40(1), pp. 35-40. (doi: 10.1161/​STROKEAHA.108.518035)

Cucchiara, B., Kasner, S.E., Tanne, D., Levine, S.R., Demchuk, A., Messe, S.R., Sansing, L., Lees, K.R. and Lyden, P. (2009) Factors associated with intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke pooled analysis of placebo data from the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT) I and SAINT II trials. Stroke, 40(9), pp. 3067-3072. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.554386)

Dawson, J., Lees, K., Weir, C., Weir, C., Quinn, T., Ali, M., Hennerici, M. and Walters, M. (2009) Baseline Serum Urate and 90-Day Functional Outcomes following Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(2), pp. 202-203.

Dawson, J. , Lamb, K.E., Quinn, T.J., Lees, K.R., Horvers, M., Verrijth, M.J. and Walters, M. (2009) A recognition tool for transient ischaemic attack. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 102(1), pp. 43-49. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn139)

Dawson, J., Quinn, T.J., Harrow, C., Lees, K.R., Weir, C., Cleland, S. and Walters, M. (2009) Allopurinol and nitric oxide activity in the cerebral circulation of those with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 32(1), pp. 135-137. (doi: 10.2337/dc08-1179)

Diener, H., Weimar, C., Ali, M. and Lees, K. (2009) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA): Significance for Stroke Research. Aktuelle Neurologie, 36(4), pp. 174-179.

Higgins, P. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Advances in emerging therapies 2008. Stroke, 40(5), e292-e294. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.544544)

Kidwell, C.S., Lees, K.R., Muir, K.W. , Chen, C., Davis, S.M., De Silva, D.A., Weir, C.J., Starkman, S., Alger, J.R. and Saver, J.L. (2009) Results of the MRI substudy of the intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial. Stroke, 40(5), pp. 1704-1709. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.537613)

Lees, K.R. (2009) PRoFESS. Stroke, 40(5), p. 1941. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.541854)

Lees, K.R. (2009) Training and consistency in stroke assessments. Stroke, 40(7), p. 2297. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.541581)

Lees, K. (2009) Stroke: success for extending acute treatment. Lancet Neurology, 8(1), pp. 2-4.

Quinn, T.J. , Cameron, A., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2009) ABCD2 scores and prediction of noncerebrovascular diagnoses in an outpatient population: a case-control study. Stroke, 40(3), pp. 749-753. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.530444)

Quinn, T.J. , Cameron, A.D., Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) A prospective study using the ABCD2 score in screening for minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack in referrals to a fast track clinic response. Stroke, 40(6), e468-e468. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551077) (PMID:19390063)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Exploring the reliability of the modified Rankin Scale. Stroke, 40(3), pp. 762-766. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.522516)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review. Stroke, 40(10), pp. 3393-3395. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.557256)

Quinn, T. and Lees, K. (2009) Hyperglycaemia in Acute Stroke - To Treat or Not to Treat. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27, pp. 148-155.

Quinn, T. , Paolucci, S., Sunnerhagen, K., Sivenius, J., Walker, M., Toni, D. and Lees, K. (2009) Evidence-Based Stroke Rehabilitation: An Expanded Guidance Document from the European Stroke Organisation (Eso) Guidelines for Management of Ischaemic Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack 2008. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(2), pp. 99-111.

Saini, M., Saqqur, M., Kamruzzaman, A., Lees, K.R. and Shuaib, A. (2009) Effect of hyperthermia on prognosis after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 40(9), pp. 3051-3059. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.556134)

Whitehead, J., Bolland, K., Valdes-Marquez, E., Lihic, A., Ali, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Using historical lesion volume data in the design of a new phase II clinical trial in acute stroke. Stroke, 40(4), pp. 1347-1352. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.531442)

2008

Muir, S.W., Harrow, C., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., Weir, C.J., Sattar, N. and Walters, M.R. (2008) Allopurinol use yields potentially beneficial effects on inflammatory indices in those with recent ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3303-3307. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.519793)

Lecrux, C., McCabe, C. , Weir, C.J., Gallagher, L., Mullin, J., Touzani, O., Muir, K. , Lees, K.R. and Macrae, I.M. (2008) Effects of magnesium treatment in a model of internal capsule lesion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke, 39(2), pp. 448-454. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.492934)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Past, present and future of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(2), pp. 181-192. (doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.2.181)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Lees, J.S. , Chang, T.P., Walters, M.R. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Time spent at home poststroke: “home-time” a meaningful and robust outcome measure for stroke trials. Stroke, 39(1), pp. 231-233. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.493320)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M. (2008) The continued yin and yang of uric acid. Stroke, 39(1), e9-e9. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.502245)

Dawson, J. , Weir, C., Wright, F., Bryden, C., Aslanyan, S., Lees, K., Bird, W. and Walters, M. (2008) Associations between meteorological variables and acute stroke hospital admissions in the west of Scotland. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 117(2), pp. 85-89. (doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00916.x)

Diener, H.C. et al. (2008) NXY-059 for the treatment of acute stroke: pooled analysis of the SAINT I and II trials. Stroke, 39(6), pp. 1751-1758. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.503334)

Fink, J.N., Frampton, C.M., Lyden, P. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Does hemispheric lateralization influence functional and cardiovascular outcomes after stroke?: an analysis of placebo-treated patients from prospective acute stroke trials. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3335-3340. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523365)

Hacke, W. et al. (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(13), pp. 1317-1329. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804656)

Higgins, P., Ghosh, S. and Lees, K. (2008) Improving mortality from stroke disease: putting the evidence into practice. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 69(12), pp. 668-669.

Lees, K.R. et al. (2008) Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke in the United Kingdom: experience from the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke (SITS) register. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 101(11), pp. 863-869. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn102)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Variability in modified rankin scoring across a large cohort of observers. Stroke, 39(11), pp. 2975-2979. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.515262)

Quinn, T.J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Advances in emerging therapies 2007. Stroke, 39(2), pp. 255-257. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.508291)

Quinn, T.J. , Ray, G., Atula, S., Walters, M.R. , Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Deriving modified rankin scores from medical records. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3421-3423. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.519306)

Wahlgren, N., Ahmed, N., Davalos, A., Hacke, W., Millan, M., Muir, K. , Roine, R.O., Toni, D. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3—4·5 h after acute ischaemic stroke (SITS-ISTR): an observational study. Lancet, 372(9646), pp. 1303-1309. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61339-2)

Wahlgren, N. et al. (2008) Multivariable analysis of outcome predictors and adjustment of main outcome results to baseline data profile in randomized controlled trials: Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-MOnitoring STudy (SITS-MOST). Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3316-3322. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.510768)

Wintermark, M. et al. (2008) Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. Stroke, 39(5), pp. 1621-1628. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.512319)

2007

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M.R. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Reliability of the modified rankin scale. Stroke, 38(11), e144. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490110)

Quinn, T.J. and Lees, K.R. (2007) European Stroke Conference, Glasgow, UK, May 29–June 1, 2007. International Journal of Stroke, 2(4), pp. 297-298. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00155.x)

Ahmed, N. et al. (2007) Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet, 369, pp. 275-282.

Ali, M. et al. (2007) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. Stroke, 38(6), pp. 1905-1910. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.473579)

Ashwood, T., Davalos, A., Davis, S., Diener, H., Emeribe, U., Grotta, J., Lees, K., Lyden, P., Shuaib, A. and Wasiewski, W. (2007) NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, pp. 562-571.

Aslanyan, S., Grieve, A., Johnston, C., Krams, M., Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2007) The association of post-stroke neurological improvement with risk of subsequent deterioration due to stroke events. European Journal of Neurology, 14, pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01549.x)

Aslanyan, S., Weir, C.J., Muir, K.W. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Magnesium for treatment of acute lacunar stroke syndromes: further analysis of the IMAGES trial. Stroke, 38(10), pp. 1269-1273. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000259628.94421.09)

Dawson, J. , Lees, J.S. , Chang, T.P., Walters, M.R. , Ali, M. , Davis, S.M., Diener, H.C. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Association between disability measures and healthcare costs after initial treatment for acute stroke. Stroke, 38(6), pp. 1893-1898. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.472381)

Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Advances in emerging therapies 2006. Stroke, 38(2), pp. 219-221. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000254718.22566.90)

Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Quinn, T.J. (2007) Acute stroke: we have the treatments and we have the evidence we need to use them. Critical Care Medicine, 11(2), p. 124.

Lees, K.R., Ashwood, T. and Odergren, T. (2007) Response to letter by Proctor and Tamborello. Stroke, 38(10), e110-e110. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.493411)

Lees, K. and Shuaib, A. (2007) NXY-059 for the treatment of stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(21), pp. 2198-2199.

Lyden, P.D. et al. (2007) Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT trial. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2262-2269. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.472746)

Murray, S., Bashir, K., Lees, K.R., Langhorne, P., Muir, K., MacAlpine, C. and Roberts, M. (2007) Epidemiological aspects of referral to TIA clinics in Glasgow. Scottish Medical Journal, 52, pp. 4-8.

Prosser, J., MacGregor, L., Lees, K.R., Diener, H.-C., Hacke, W. and Davis, S. (2007) Predictors of early cardiac morbidity and mortality after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2295-2302. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.471813)

Quinn, T.J. , Lees, K.R., Hardemark, H.G., Dawson, J. and Walters, M.R. (2007) Initial experience of a digital training resource for modified Rankin scale assessment in clinical trials. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2257-2261. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480723)

2006

Lees, K.R. et al. (2006) Additional outcomes and subgroup analyses of NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke in the SAINT I trial. Stroke, 37(12), pp. 2970-2978. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000249410.91473.44)

Thomas, D. et al. (2006) Glyceryl trinitrate vs. control, and continuing vs. stopping temporarily prior anti hypertensive therapy, in acute stroke: rationale and design of the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial. International Journal of Stroke, 1(4), pp. 245-249. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2006.00059.x)

Arima, H. et al. (2006) Prior events predict cerebrovascular and coronary outcomes in the PROGRESS trial. Stroke, 37(6), pp. 1497-1502. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000221212.36860.c9)

Lees, K.R., Lyden, P. and Shuaib, A. (2006) NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke - reply. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(19), p. 2076.

Al, R.Y., Albers, G.W., Eyding, D., Furlan, A.J., Hacke, W.l., Lees, K.R., Rowley, H.A., Sachara, C., Soehngen, M. and Warach, S. (2006) Dose escalation of desmoteplase for acute ischemic stroke (DEDAS): evidence of safety and efficacy 3 to 9 hours after stroke onset. Stroke, 37(5), pp. 1227-1231. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000217403.66996.6d)

Dittrich, R., Ritter, M.A., Kaps, M., Siebler, M., Lees, K.R., Larrue, V., Nabavi, D.G., Ringelstein, E.B., Markus, H.S. and Droste, D.W. (2006) The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS (Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial. Stroke, 37(4), pp. 1065-1069. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000209331.39894.3d)

Ashwood, T. et al. (2006) NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 354, pp. 588-600.

Bain, C., Lees, K., Lumsden, M. and Walters, M. (2006) Sex hormones and cerebral hemodynamics - Author's reply. Climacteric, 9(1), p. 67.

Chiu, D. et al. (2006) Effect of the glycine antagonist gavestinel on cerebral infarcts in acute stroke patients, a randomized placebo-controlled trial: The GAIN MRI substudy. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21, pp. 106-111. (doi: 10.1159/000090208)

Davis, S., Lees, K. and Donnan, G. (2006) Treating the acute stroke patient as an emergency: current practices and future opportunities. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60, pp. 399-407. (doi: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00873.x)

Davis, S., Lees, K. and Lyden, P. (2006) Alteplase for acute stroke revisited: the first 10 years. Lancet Neurology, 5(9), pp. 722-724.

Dawson, J., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2006) 21st century stroke - A medical emergency. Scottish Medical Journal, 51(3), pp. 34-41.

Lees, K. (2006) The narrow upward path towards neuroprotection. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 22, pp. 1-2.

Lees, K. and Milia, P. (2006) Halving effort in acute stroke trials. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 28(03-Apr), pp. 309-312.

Lees, K., Muir, K. , Ovbiagele, B., Saver, J. and Weir, C. (2006) Effect of smoking status on outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21, pp. 260-265. (doi: 10.1159/000091224)

Milia, P., Muir, S., Alem, M., Lees, K. and Walters, M. (2006) Comparison of the effect of diuretics on carotid blood flow in stroke patients. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 47, pp. 446-449.

Nazir, F., Alem, M., Small, M., Connell, J., Lees, K., Walters, M. and Cleland, S. (2006) Blunted response to systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the cerebral circulation of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 23, pp. 398-402. (doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01815.x)

Newman, E.J., Rahman, F.S., Lees, K.R., Weir, C.J. and Walters, M. (2006) Elevated serum urate concentration independently predicts poor outcome following stroke in patients with diabetes. Diabetes: Metabolism Research and Reviews, 22(1), pp. 79-82.

Walters, M., Weir, C. and Lees, K. (2006) A randomised, controlled pilot study to investigate the potential benefit of intervention with insulin in hyperglycaemic acute ischaemic stroke patients. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 22, pp. 116-122. (doi: 10.1159/000093239)

2005

Krams, M., Lees, K.R. and Berry, D.A. (2005) The past is the future: innovative designs in acute stroke therapy trials. Stroke, 36(6), pp. 1341-1347. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000165931.77045.ee)

Al, R.Y., Albers, G., Eliasziw, M., Fischer, M., Furlan, A., Hacke, W., Kaste, M., Lees, K.R., Soehngen, M. and Warach, S. (2005) The Desmoteplase In Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (DIAS): a phase II MRI-based 9-hour window acute stroke thrombolysis trial with intravenous desmoteplase. Stroke, 36(1), pp. 66-73. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000149938.08731.2c)

Aslanyan, S., Weir, C., McInnes, G., Reid, J., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2005) Statin administration prior to ischaemic stroke onset and survival: exploratory evidence from matched treatment-control study. European Journal of Neurology, 12, pp. 493-498.

Bain, C., Lees, K., Lumsden, M. and Walters, M. (2005) Effect of a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog on cerebral hemodynamics in premenopausal women. Climacteric, 8, pp. 193-197. (doi: 10.1080/13697130500118068)

Bolster, A., Hilditch, T., Lees, K., Nazir, F. and Overell, J. (2005) Effect of perindopril on cerebral and renal perfusion on normotensives in mild early ischaemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 19, pp. 77-83. (doi: 10.1159/000082783)

Bone, I., Lees, K. and Nazir, F. (2005) Clinical features associated with medically unexplained stroke-like symptoms presenting to an acute stroke unit. European Journal of Neurology, 12, pp. 81-85.

Cheng, Y., Edenius, C., Jonsson, S., Karlsson, M., Lees, K. and Odergren, T. (2005) Population pharmacokinetic modelling and estimation of dosing strategy for NXY-059, a nitrone being developed for stroke. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 44, pp. 863-878.

Droste, D., Kaps, M., Larrue, V., Lees, K., Markus, H., Ringelstein, E. and Siebler, M. (2005) Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic carotid stenosis evaluated using Doppler embolic signal detection - The Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CARESS) trial. Circulation, 111, pp. 2233-2240. (doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000163561.90680.1C)

Droste, D., Kaps, M., Larrue, V., Lees, K., Markus, H., Ringelstein, E. and Siebler, M. (2005) Letter regarding article by Markus et al, 'Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic cardiac stenosis evaluated using Doppler embolic signal detection: The clopidogrel and aspirin for reducton of emboli in symptomatic car. Circulation, 112(20), E325-E326.

Haley, E.C., Thompson, J.L.P., Levin, B., Davis, S., Lees, K.R., Pittman, J.G., Derosa, J.T., Ordronneau, P., Brown, D.L. and Sacco, R.L. (2005) Gavestinel does not improve outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage: an analysis from the GAIN International and GAIN Americas studies. Stroke, 36(5), pp. 1006-1010. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000163053.77982.8d)

Lees, K.R., Weir, C.J. and Young, F.B. (2005) Improving trial power through use of prognosis-adjusted end points. Stroke, 36(3), pp. 597-601. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000154856.42135.85)

Lees, K. and Walters, M. (2005) Acute stroke and diabetes. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 20(Suppl.), pp. 9-14. (doi: 10.1159/000088232)

Murray, G. et al. (2005) Design and analysis of Phase III trials with ordered outcome scales: The concept of the sliding dichotomy. Journal of Neurotrauma, 22, pp. 511-517.

Walters, M., Kaste, M., Lees, K., Diener, H., Hommel, M., De Keyser, J., Steiner, H. and Versavel, M. (2005) The AMPA antagonist ZK 200775 in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: A double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled safety and tolerability study. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 20, pp. 304-309. (doi: 10.1159/000087929)

Walters, M., Muir, K., Harbison, J., Lees, K. and Ford, G. (2005) Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: Preliminary experience with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the UK. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 20, pp. 438-442. (doi: 10.1159/000088982)

Walters, M., Weir, C., Adams, F. and Lees, K. (2005) The prognostic significance of visible infarction on computed tomography following lacunar stroke: Results of a long-term follow-up study. Journal of Neuroimaging, 15, pp. 331-335. (doi: 10.1177/1051228405279993)

Young, F.B., Weir, C.J. and Lees, K.R. (2005) Comparison of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale with disability outcome measures in acute stroke trials. Stroke, 36(10), pp. 2187-2192. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000181089.41324.70)

2004

Aslanyan, S., Diener, H., Kaste, M., Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2004) Pneumonia and urinary tract infection after acute ischaemic stroke: a tertiary analysis of the GAIN International trial. European Journal of Neurology, 11, pp. 49-53.

Aslanyan, S., Weir, C.J., Johnston, S.C. and Lees, K.R. (2004) Poststroke neurological improvement within 7 days is associated with subsequent deterioration. Stroke, 35(9), pp. 2165-2170. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000136554.03470.9d)

Aslanyan, S., Weir, C.J. and Lees, K.R. (2004) Elevated pulse pressure during the acute period of ischemic stroke is associated with poor stroke outcome. Stroke, 35(6), e153-e155. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000126598.88662.16)

Bain, C., Walters, M., Lees, K. and Lumsden, M. (2004) The effect of HRT on cerebral haemodynamics and cerebral vasomotor reactivity in post-menopausal women. Human Reproduction, 19, pp. 2411-2414. (doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh396)

Bolland, K., Lees, K., Weeks, A. and Whitehead, J. (2004) How a sequential design would have affected the GAIN international study of Gavestinel in stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 17, pp. 111-117. (doi: 10.1159/000075778)

Bolster, A., Hilditch, T., Lees, K., Nazir, F., Overell, J. and Reid, J. (2004) The effect of losartan on global and focal cerebral perfusion and on renal function in hypertensives in mild early ischaemic stroke. Journal of Hypertension, 22, pp. 989-995. (doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000125398.50839.97)

Krams, M., Lees, K.R., Hacke, W., Grieve, A.P., Orgogozo, J.-M. and Ford, G.A. (2004) Effectively bridging the preclinical/clinical gap: the results of the ASTIN trial - a response. Stroke, 35(4), e81-e82. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000121164.29117.44)

Lees, K.R. et al. (2004) Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 363, pp. 439-445.

Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2004) Comparison of stratification and adaptive methods for treatment allocation in an acute stroke clinical trial - Arthor's reply. Statistics in Medicine, 23(23), pp. 3720-3721.

Smith, L.N., Lawrence, M., Kerr, S.M., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K.R. (2004) Informal carers' experience of caring for stroke survivors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46, pp. 235-244. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.02983.x)

Smith, L.N., Norrie, J., Kerr, S.M., Lawrence, M., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K.R. (2004) Impact and influences on caregiver outcomes at one year post-stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 18, pp. 145-153. (doi: 10.1159/000079268)

Walters, M., Muir, S., Shah, I. and Lees, K. (2004) Effect of perindopril on cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with lacunar infarction. Stroke, 35, pp. 1899-1902. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000131748.12553.ed)

Weir, C.J., Kaste, M. and Lees, K.R. (2004) Targeting neuroprotection clinical trials to ischemic stroke patients with potential to benefit from therapy. Stroke, 35(9), pp. 2111-2116. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000136556.34438.b3)

Weir, C., Muir, S., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2004) Yin and Yang of uric acid in patients with stroke - Response. Stroke, 35(1), E11-E12.

2003

Chaturvedi, V. et al. (2003) Effects of a perindopril-based blood pressure lowering regimen on cardiac outcomes among patients with cerebrovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 24(5), pp. 475-484. (doi: 10.1016/S0195-668X(02)00804-7)

Al, D.L. et al. (2003) Cluster-randomized, controlled trial of computer-based decision support for selecting long-term anti-thrombotic therapy after acute ischaemic stroke. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 96, pp. 143-153. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcg019)

Alberts, M., Graffagnino, C., Hoffmann, K., Lees, K., McCarron, M., Muir, K. , Nicoll, J. and Weir, C. (2003) Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on in-hospital mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 107, pp. 106-109.

Aslanyan, S., Fazekas, F., Horner, S., Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2003) Effect of blood pressure during the acute period of ischemic stroke on stroke outcome - A tertiary analysis of the GAIN International Trial. Stroke, 34, pp. 2420-2425. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000091233.04524.0C)

Aslanyan, S., Lees, K., McInnes, G., Reid, J. and Weir, C. (2003) Effect of area-based deprivation on the severity, subtype, and outcome of ischemic stroke. Stroke, 34, pp. 2623-2628. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000097610.12803.D7)

Asplund, K., Ashburner, S., Cargill, K., Hux, M., Lees, K. and Drummond, M. (2003) Health care resource use and stroke outcome - Multinational comparisons within the GAIN International trial. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 19, pp. 267-277.

Asplund, K., Diener, H., Krams, M. and Lees, K. (2003) UK-279,276, a neutrophil inhibitory glycoprotein, in acute stroke - Tolerability and pharmacokinetics. Stroke, 34, pp. 1704-1709. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000078563.72650.61)

Barer, D., Ford, G., Hacke, W., Kostulas, V., Lees, K., Odergren, T. and Sharma, A. (2003) Tolerability of NXY-059 at higher target concentrations in patients with acute stroke. Stroke, 34, pp. 482-487. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000053032.14223.81)

Clark, W.M., Davalos, A., Goldstein, L.B. and Lees, K.R. (2003) Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Study. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 16(4), pp. 389-395. (doi: 10.1159/000072562)

Ford, G., Grieve, A., Hacke, W., Krams, M., Lees, K. and Orgogozo, J. (2003) Acute Stroke Therapy by Inhibition of Neutrophils (ASTIN) - An adaptive dose-response study of UK-279,276 in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 34, pp. 2543-2548. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000092527.33910.89)

Hacke, W., Hankey, G. and Lees, K. (2003) Design of future acute-stroke treatment trials. Lancet Neurology, 2(1), pp. 54-61.

Lees, K. (2003) Stroke is best managed by a neurologist: Battle of the titans. Stroke, 34(11), pp. 2764-2765.

Lees, K. (2003) Stroke: Trial by jury. European Neurology, 49, pp. 106-108. (doi: 10.1159/000068509)

Lees, K. and Orgogozo, J. (2003) Acute stroke: Trial by jury - The toothless tiger (role of the principal investigator). European Neurology, 49, pp. 120-124. (doi: 10.1159/000068512)

Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2003) Comparison of stratification and adaptive methods for treatment allocation in an acute stroke clinical trial. Statistics in Medicine, 22, pp. 705-726. (doi: 10.1002/sim.1366)

Lees, K., Weir, C. and Young, F. (2003) Strengthening acute stroke trials through optimal use of disability end points. Stroke, 34, pp. 2676-2680. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000096210.36741.E7)

Muir, K. and Lees, K. (2003) Excitatory Amino Acid antagonists for acute stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD001244.

Weir, C.J., Bradford, A.P.J. and Lees, K.R. (2003) The prognostic value of the components of the Glasgow Coma Scale following acute stroke. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 96, pp. 67-74. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcg008)

Weir, C., Muir, S., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2003) Serum urate as an independent predictor of poor outcome and future vascular events after acute stroke. Stroke, 34, pp. 1951-1956. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000081983.34771.D2)

Weir, C., Sattar, N., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2003) Low triglyceride, not low cholesterol concentration, independently predicts poor outcome following acute stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 16, pp. 76-82. (doi: 10.1159/000070119)

2002

Yang, Y., Grosset, D. G. , Li, Q., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K. R. (2002) Turbulence and circulating cerebral emboli detectable at Doppler ultrasonography: a differentiation study in a stenotic middle cerebral artery model. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 23(7), pp. 1229-1236. (PMID:12169484)

De, K., Diener, H., Elting, J., Hommel, M., Kaste, M., Lees, K., Sulter, G., Teelken, A. and Versavel, M. (2002) AMPA antagonist ZK200775 in patients with acute ischemic stroke - Possible glial cell toxicity detected by monitoring of S-100B serum levels. Stroke, 33, pp. 2813-2818. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000043823.37855.FB)

Elliott, P., Lees, K., Pien, C. and Shah, I. (2002) Early clinical experience with the novel proteasome inhibitor PS-519. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 54, pp. 269-276.

Harraf, F., Sharma, A., Brown, M., Lees, K., Vass, R. and Kalra, L. (2002) A multicentre observational study of presentation and early assessment of acute stroke. British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 17-20.

Lees, K. (2002) Management of acute stroke. Lancet Neurology, 1, pp. 41-50.

Lees, K. (2002) Neuroprotection is unlikely to be effective in humans using current trial designs: An opposing view. Stroke, 33, pp. 308-309.

Muir, S. and Lees, K. (2002) PROGRESS in the secondary prevention of stroke. British Journal of Cardiology, 9(3), pp. 131-134.

Walters, M., Bradford, A., Fischer, J. and Lees, K. (2002) Early clinical experience with the novel NMDA receptor antagonist CNS 5161. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 53, pp. 305-311.

2001

Yang, Y., Grosset, D. G. , Yang, T. and Lees, K. R. (2001) Characterization of ultrasound-detected cerebral microemboli in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization using an in vitro middle cerebral artery model. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 53(3), pp. 323-330. (doi: 10.1002/ccd.1175) (PMID:11458408)

Lees, K. R., Dyker, A. G., Sharma, A., Ford, G. A., Ardron, M. E. and Grosset, D. G. (2001) Tolerability of the low-affinity, use-dependent NMDA antagonist AR-R15896AR in stroke patients: a dose-ranging study. Stroke, 32(2), pp. 466-472. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.32.2.466) (PMID:11157184)

Barer, D., Cheng, Y., Ford, G., Kostulas, V., Lees, K., Odergren, T. and Sharma, A. (2001) Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the nitrone NXY-059 in patients with acute stroke. Stroke, 32, pp. 675-680.

Bath, P., Boysen, G., Donnan, G., Kaste, M., Lees, K.R., Olsen, T., Overgaard, K., Sandercock, P. and Wahlgren, N.G. (2001) Hypertension in acute stroke: what to do? Stroke, 32(7), pp. 1697-1698.

Bone, I., Dyker, A., Lees, K., McCarron, M., Muir, K. , Nicoll, J. and Weir, C. (2001) Apolipoprotein E genotype, coagulation, and survival following acute stroke. Neurology, 57(6), pp. 1097-1100.

Bone, I., Lees, K. and Overell, J. (2001) Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with paradoxical embolism. Circulation, 103(10), E56-E56.

Cunha, L., Diener, H., Lavelle, J., Lees, K., Sanders, E., Tack, P. and Wester, P. (2001) Glycine antagonist (GV150526) in acute stroke: A multicentre, double-blind placebo-controlled phase II trial. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 11, pp. 20-29.

Lees, K. (2001) Advances in neuroprotection trials. European Neurology, 45, pp. 6-10.

Walters, M., Bolster, A., Dyker, A. and Lees, K. (2001) Effect of perindopril on cerebral and renal perfusion in stroke patients with carotid disease. Stroke, 32, pp. 473-478.

2000

Bradford, A. and Lees, K. (2000) Design of the Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Acute Stroke (IMAGES) trial. Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine, 1, pp. 184-190.

Muir, K.W. , Watt, A., Baxter, G., Grosset, D.G. and Lees, K.R. (2000) Randomized trial of graded compression stockings for prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after acute stroke. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 93(6), pp. 359-364. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/93.6.359) (PMID:10873185)

Yang, Y., Grosset, D. G. , Li, Q. and Lees, K. R. (2000) Identification of echocardiographic 'smoke' in a bench model with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Stroke, 31(4), pp. 907-914. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.31.4.907) (PMID:10753997)

Lees, K.R., Bath, P.M.W. and Naylor, A.R. (2000) ABC of arterial and venous disease. Secondary prevention of transient ischaemic attack and stroke. British Medical Journal, 320(7240), pp. 991-994. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7240.991)

1997

Bath, P., Lees, K., Dennis, M., Smithard, D., Bone, I., Grosset, D. , Macdonald, J. and Pollock, S. (1997) Should stroke medicine be a separate subspecialty? British Medical Journal, 315(7116), p. 1167. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7116.1167a)

Muir, K. W. , Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1997) Effects of prolonged infusions of the NMDA antagonist aptiganel hydrochloride (CNS 1102) in normal volunteers. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 20(4), pp. 311-321. (doi: 10.1097/00002826-199708000-00003) (PMID:9260729)

Dyker, A. G., Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. (1997) Perindopril reduces blood pressure but not cerebral blood flow in patients with recent cerebral ischemic stroke. Stroke, 28(3), pp. 580-583. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.28.3.580) (PMID:9056614)

1996

Squire, I. B., MacFadyen, R. J., Reid, J. R., Devlin, A. and Lees, K. R. (1996) Differing early blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system responses to the first dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 27(5), pp. 657-666. (doi: 10.1097/00005344-199605000-00007) (PMID:8859935)

Grosset, D. G. et al. (1996) Detection of microemboli by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 23(4), pp. 289-292. (PMID:8969029) (PMCID:PMC325373)

1995

Morris, A.D., Ritchie, C., Grosset, D.G. , Adams, F.G. and Lees, K.R. (1995) A pilot study of streptokinase for acute cerebral infarction. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 88(10), pp. 727-731. (doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068997) (PMID:7493170)

Muir, K. W. , Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1995) Clinical pharmacology of CNS 1102 in man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 765(1), pp. 336-337. (doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb16609.x) (PMID:7486638)

Muir, K. W. , Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1995) Clinical pharmacology of CNS 1102 in volunteers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 765(1), pp. 279-289. (doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb16585.x) (PMID:7486614)

Mackay, T.G., Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D.G. , Kelman, A.W., Lees, K.R. and Wheatley, D.J. (1995) Transcranial Doppler ultrasound signals associated with prosthetic heart valves: an in vitro study. Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 4(4), pp. 414-419. (PMID:7582153)

Glen, S.K., Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D.G. , Douglas, J.D. and Lees, K.R. (1995) Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in commercial air divers: a field study including cases with right-to-left shunting. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, 22(2), pp. 129-135. (PMID:7633274)

Houston, J.G., Morris, A.D., Grosset, D.G. , Lees, K.R., McMillan, N. and Bone, I. (1995) Ultrasonic evaluation of movement of the diaphragm after acute cerebral infarction. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 58(6), pp. 738-741. (doi: 10.1136/jnnp.58.6.738) (PMID:7608679) (PMCID:PMC1073558)

Grosset, D. , Muir, K. and Lees, K. (1995) Systemic and cerebral hemodynamic responses to the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist CNS 1102. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 25(5), pp. 705-709. (doi: 10.1097/00005344-199505000-00004) (PMID:7630148)

Glen, S., Grosset, D. and Lees, K. (1995) Anticoagulant monitoring with transcranial doppler. Lancet, 345(8941), pp. 579-58. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91180-4) (PMID:7799717)

Mackay, T. G., Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D. G. , Lees, K. R. and Wheatley, D. J. (1995) On the origin of cerebrovascular microemboli associated with prosthetic heart valves. Neurological Research, 17(5), pp. 349-352. (doi: 10.1080/01616412.1995.11740341) (PMID:8584125)

1994

Weir, C.J., Lees, K.R., Muir, K.W. , Grosset, D.G. and Murray, G.D. (1994) Stroke scoring systems: Author's reply. Lancet, 344(8939-4), p. 1781. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92923-8)

Weir, C.J., Murray, G.D., Adams, F.G., Muir, K.W. , Grosset, D.G. and Lees, K.R. (1994) Poor accuracy of stroke scoring systems for differential clinical diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage and infarction. Lancet, 344(8928), pp. 999-1002. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91648-9) (PMID:7934437)

Grosset, D. G. , Georgiadis, D., Cowburn, P. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Transcranial doppler for emboli. Neurology, 44(10), pp. 1980-1981. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.10.1980-c) (PMID:7818671)

Georgiadis, D., Mackay, T.G., Kelman, A.W., Grosset, D.G. , Wheatley, D.J. and Lees, K.R. (1994) Differentiation between gaseous and formed embolic materials in vivo: application in prosthetic heart valve patients. Stroke, 25(8), pp. 1559-1563. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.8.1559) (PMID:7913774)

Muir, K.W. , Grosset, D.G. , Gamzu, E. and Lees, K.R. (1994) Pharmacological effects of the non‐competitive NMDA antagonist CNS 1102 in normal volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 38(1), pp. 33-38. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04318.x) (PMID:7946934) (PMCID:PMC1364834)

Muir, K. W. , Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Interconversion of stroke scales: implications for therapeutic trials. Stroke, 25(7), pp. 1366-1370. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.7.1366) (PMID:8023351)

Georgiadis, D., Mallinson, A., Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Coagulation activity and emboli counts in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke, 25(6), pp. 1211-1214. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.6.1211) (PMID:8202982)

Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D. G. , Quin, R. O., Nichol, J. A.R., Bone, I. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Detection of intracranial emboli in patients with carotid disease. European Journal of Vascular Surgery, 8(3), pp. 309-314. (doi: 10.1016/S0950-821X(05)80147-1) (PMID:8013681)

Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D. G. , Kelman, A., Faichney, A. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Prevalence and characteristics of intracranial microemboli signals in patients with different types of prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke, 25(3), pp. 587-592. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.3.587) (PMID:8128512)

Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Bilateral cerebral embolization in patients with carotid stenosis. Stroke, 25(3), p. 717. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.3.717) (PMID:8128535)

Grosset, D.G. , Cowburn, P., Georgiadis, D., Dargie, H.J., Faichney, A. and Lees, K.R. (1994) Ultrasound detection of cerebral emboli in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 3(2), pp. 128-132. (PMID:7912147)

Grosset, D.G. , Georgiadis, S., Stirling, S., Cowburn, P., Kehnan, A.W., Lees, K.R. and Faichney, A. (1994) Subclinical embolism in patients undergoing cardiac valve implantation and coronary artery bypass surgery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 8(2), pp. 63-66. (doi: 10.1016/1010-7940(94)90092-2) (PMID:7909671)

Grosset, D. G. , Georgiadis, D., Abdullah, I., Bone, I. and Lees, K. R. (1994) Doppler emboli signals vary according to stroke subtype. Stroke, 25(2), pp. 382-384. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.25.2.382) (PMID:7905679)

1993

Grosset, D. G. , Squire, I. B., Georgiadis, D. and Lees, K. R. (1993) Repeatability testing for transcranial Doppler sonography. Clinical Science, 85(6), p. 761. (doi: 10.1042/cs0850761) (PMID:7904549)

Grosset, D. G. , Georgiadis, D., Kelman, A. W. and Lees, K. R. (1993) Quantification of ultrasound emboli signals in patients with cardiac and carotid disease. Stroke, 24(12), pp. 1922-1924. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.24.12.1922) (PMID:7902622)

Georgiadis, D., Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1993) Transhemispheric passage of microemboli in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke, 24(11), pp. 1664-1666. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.24.11.1664) (PMID:8236339)

Grosset, D. G. , Georgiadis, D., Hillis, W. S. and Lees, K. R. (1993) Clinical significance of cerebral emboli signals. Lancet, 342(8870), p. 559. (doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91690-N) (PMID:8102700)

Morris, A.D., Grosset, D.G. , Squire, I.B., Lees, K.R., Bone, I. and Reid, J.L. (1993) The experiences of an acute stroke unit-implications for multicentre acute stroke trials. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 56(4), pp. 352-355. (doi: 10.1136/jnnp.56.4.352) (PMID:8482954) (PMCID:PMC1014949)

Squire, I. B., Grosset, D. G. and Lees, K. R. (1993) Immunosuppressive treatment in stroke and renal failure. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 52(2), pp. 165-166. (doi: 10.1136/ard.52.2.165-b) (PMID:8095385) (PMCID:PMC1005001)

1992

Grosset, D. and Lees, K. (1992) Applications of transcranial doppler sonography in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 23(12), pp. 1840-1841. (doi: 10.1161/str.23.12.1840b) (PMID:1448837)

Articles

Arba, F., Ferretti, S., Leigh, R., Fara, A., Warach, S. J., Luby, M., Lees, K. R. and Dawson, J. (2024) Cerebral small vessel disease and infarct growth in acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Translational Stroke Research, (doi: 10.1007/s12975-024-01277-2) (PMID:38963535) (Early Online Publication)

Dawson, J. et al. (2023) Xanthine oxidase inhibition and white matter hyperintensity progression following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST): a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine, 57, 101863. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101863) (PMID:36864979) (PMCID:PMC9972492)

Liu, C.-F. et al. (2021) Deep learning-based detection and segmentation of diffusion abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke. Communications Medicine, 1, 61. (doi: 10.1038/s43856-021-00062-8)

Ahmed, N., Lees, K. R., von Kummer, R., Holmin, S., Escudero-Martinez, I., Bottai, M., Jansen, O. and Wahlgren, N. (2021) The SITS Open study: a prospective, open label blinded evaluation study of thrombectomy in clinical practice. Stroke, 52(3), pp. 792-801. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031031) (PMID:33563015)

Agrafiotis, D. K. et al. (2021) Accurate prediction of clinical stroke scales and improved biomarkers of motor impairment from robotic measurements. PLoS ONE, 16(1), e0245874. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245874) (PMID:33513170) (PMCID:PMC7845999)

Paciaroni, M. et al. (2020) Timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation comparing posterior and anterior circulation strokes. European Stroke Journal, 5(4), pp. 374-383. (doi: 10.1177/2396987320937116)

Yu, W. M., Abdul-Rahim, A. , Cameron, A., Kõrv, J., Sevcik, P., Toni, D. and Lees, K. (2020) The incidence and associated factors of early neurological deterioration after thrombolysis: Results from SITS Registry. Stroke, 51(9), pp. 2705-2714. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028287) (PMID:32811373)

Bluhmki, E., Danays, T., Biegert, G., Hacke, W. and Lees, K. R. (2020) Alteplase for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged >80 years: pooled analyses of individual patient data. Stroke, 51(8), pp. 2322-2331. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028396) (PMID:32611284) (PMCID:PMC7382542)

Giustozzi, M. et al. (2020) Safety of anticoagulation in patients treated with urgent reperfusion for ischemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation. Stroke, 51(8), pp. 2347-2354. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030143) (PMID:32646335)

Cadilhac, D. A. et al. (2020) Improving economic evaluations in stroke: a report from the ESO Health Economics Working Group. European Stroke Journal, 5(2), pp. 184-192. (doi: 10.1177/2396987319897466) (PMID:32637652) (PMCID:PMC7313366)

Mentel, A., Quinn, T. J. , Cameron, A. C., Lees, K. R. and Abdul-Rahim, A. H. (2020) The impact of atrial fibrillation type on the risks of thromboembolic recurrence, mortality and major haemorrhage in patients with previous stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. European Stroke Journal, 5(2), pp. 155-168. (doi: 10.1177/2396987319896674) (PMID:32637649) (PMCID:32637649)

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Strbian, D., Ahmed, N., Wahlgren, N., Lees, K.R., Toni, D., Roffe, C., Surakka, I.L. and Tatlisumak, T. (2015) Trends in door-to-thrombolysis time in the safe implementation of stroke thrombolysis registry: effect of center volume and duration of registry membership. Stroke, 46(5), pp. 1275-1280. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007170)

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Tran, R., Rankin, A., Abdul-Rahim, A. , Lees, K. and Rankin, A. (2014) Clinical relevance of short-runs of atrial tachy-arrhythmia: a UK wide survey of stroke physicians and cardiologists. International Journal of Stroke, 9(Sup S4), pp. 25-26. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12374_8)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L., Lees, K. R. and Sanders, R. D. (2014) Impact of benzodiazepines on functional outcome and occurrence of pneumonia in stroke: evidence from VISTA. International Journal of Stroke, 9(7), pp. 890-894. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12148)

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Goldie, F. C., Fulton, R. L., Dawson, J. , Bluhmki, E. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Exploration of time-course combinations of outcome scales for use in a global test of stroke recovery. International Journal of Stroke, 9(6), pp. 755-758. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12131) (PMID:24148224)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L., Goldie, F. C., Hacke, W., Weimar, C. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Intracluster correlation coefficients and reliability of randomized multicenter stroke trials within VISTA. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 602-606. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12123)

Frank, B., Fulton, R. L. and Lees, K. R. (2014) The effect of time to treatment on outcome in very elderly thrombolysed stroke patients. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 591-596. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12249)

Higgins, P., Walters, M. R. , Murray, H. M., McArthur, K., McConnachie, A. , Lees, K. R. and Dawson, J. (2014) Allopurinol reduces brachial and central blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness progression after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack: a randomised controlled trial. Heart, 100(14), pp. 1085-1092. (doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305683)

Higgins, P., Dawson, J. , Macfarlane, P. W., McArthur, K., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Predictive value of newly detected atrial fibrillation paroxysms in patients with acute ischemic stroke, for atrial fibrillation after 90 days. Stroke, 45(7), pp. 2134-2136. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005405)

Mattle, H. P., Brainin, M., Chamorro, A., Dichgans, M., Lees, K. R., Leys, D. and Michel, P. (2014) Second European Stroke Science Workshop. Stroke, 45(7), e113-e122. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005583)

Mishra, N. K., Mandava, P., Chen, C., Grotta, J., Lees, K. R. and Kent, T. A. (2014) Influence of racial differences on outcomes after thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 613-617. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12162)

van der Worp, H. B. et al. (2014) EuroHYP-1: European multicenter, randomized, phase III clinical trial of therapeutic hypothermia plus best medical treatment vs. best medical treatment alone for acute ischemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), pp. 642-645. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12294)

Goldie, F.C., Fulton, R.L., Frank, B. and Lees, K.R. (2014) Interdependence of stroke outcome scales: reliable estimates from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). International Journal of Stroke, 9(3), pp. 328-332. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12178)

Krebs, H.I. et al. (2014) Robotic measurement of arm movements after stroke establishes biomarkers of motor recovery. Stroke, 45(1), pp. 200-204. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002296)

Fulton, R. L. et al. (2014) Selection for delayed intravenous alteplase treatment based on a prognostic score. International Journal of Stroke, 10(1), pp. 90-94. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00943.x)

Hacke, W. et al. (2014) Transcranial laser therapy in acute stroke treatment: results of neurothera effectiveness and safety trial 3, a phase III clinical end point device trial. Stroke, 45(11), pp. 3187-3193. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005795)

Kishore, A., Vail, A., Majid, A., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., Tyrrell, P.J. and Smith, C.J. (2014) Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 45(2), pp. 520-526. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003433)

Lees, K. R. (2014) Serial Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score from baseline to 24 hours in swift: a novel surrogate end point for revascularization in acute stroke. Stroke, 45(3), pp. 653-654. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004484)

Rahlfs, V. W., Zimmermann, H. and Lees, K. R. (2014) Effect size measures and their relationships in stroke studies. Stroke, 45(2), pp. 627-633. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003151)

Rankin, A.J. , Tran, R.T., Abdul-Rahim, A.H. , Rankin, A.C. and Lees, K.R. (2014) Clinically important atrial arrhythmia and stroke risk: a UK-wide online survey among stroke physicians and cardiologists. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 107(11), pp. 895-902. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu177)

Frank, B., Fulton, R.L., Weimar, C., Lees, K.R. and Sanders, R.D. (2013) Use of paracetamol in ischaemic stroke patients: evidence from VISTA. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 128(3), pp. 172-177. (doi: 10.1111/ane.12094)

Hankey, G.J. et al. (2013) Effect of B vitamins and lowering homocysteine on cognitive impairment in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial and meta-analysis. Stroke, 44(8), pp. 2232-2239. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001886)

Mazya, M.V., Lees, K.R., Markus, R., Roine, R.O., Seet, R.O.S., Wahlgren, N. and Ahmed, N. (2013) Safety of IV thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in patients treated with warfarin. Annals of Neurology, 74(2), pp. 266-274. (doi: 10.1002/ana.23924)

Audebert, H.J., Saver, J.L., Starkman, S., Lees, K.R. and Endres, M. (2013) Prehospital stroke care: new prospects for treatment and clinical research. Neurology, 81(5), pp. 501-508. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829e0fdd)

Ahmed, N., Kellert, L., Lees, K.R., Mikulik, R., Tatlisumak, T. and Toni, D. (2013) Results of intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 to 6 hours and updated results within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset of acute ischemic stroke recorded in the safe implementation of treatment in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR)An Observational Study. JAMA Neurology, 70(7), pp. 837-844. (doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.406)

Ziai, W. C. et al. (2013) A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III study of Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III). International Journal of Stroke, 9(4), pp. 536-542. (doi: 10.1111/ijs.12097)

Abdul-Rahim, A.H. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: how should we hunt for it? Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 11(4), pp. 485-494. (doi: 10.1586/erc.13.21)

Lees, K.R., Bornstein, N., Diener, H.-C., Gorelick, P.B., Rosenberg, G. and Shuaib, A. (2013) Results of membrane-activated chelator stroke intervention randomized trial of DP-b99 in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 44(3), pp. 580-584. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000013)

Morgan, T.C. et al. (2013) The modified graeb score: an enhanced tool for intraventricular hemorrhage measurement and prediction of functional outcome. Stroke, 44(3), pp. 635-641. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.670653)

Cameron, A.C., Lees, K.R., Booth, M., Bailey, A. and Hunter, W. (2013) A survey of principal researchers who lead research into adults with incapacity in Scotland. Scottish Medical Journal, 58(1), pp. 30-33. (doi: 10.1177/0036933012474592)

Bottle, A., Mozid, A., Grocott, H.P., Walters, M.R. , Lees, K.R., Aylin, P. and Sanders, R.D. (2013) Preoperative risk factors in 10 418 patients with prior myocardial infarction and 5241 patients with prior unstable angina undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111(3), pp. 417-423. (doi: 10.1093/bja/aet107)

Frank, B. et al. (2013) Thrombolysis in stroke despite contraindications or warnings? Stroke, 44(3), pp. 727-733. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.674622)

Hajjar, K., Fulton, R.L., Diener, H.-C. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Does the cognitive measure Cog-4 show improvement among patients treated with thrombolysis after acute stroke? International Journal of Stroke, 8(8), pp. 652-656. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00848.x)

Higgins, P., Macfarlane, P. W., Dawson, J. , McInnes, G. T., Langhorne, P. and Lees, K. R. (2013) Noninvasive cardiac event monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke, 44(9), pp. 2525-2531. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001927)

McArthur, K.S., Johnson, P.C.D. , Quinn, T. , Higgins, P., Langhorne, P. , Walters, M.R. , Weir, C.J., Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2013) Improving the efficiency of stroke trials: feasibility and efficacy of group adjudication of functional end points. Stroke, 14(12), pp. 3422-3428. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002266)

Tu, H.T.H., Campbell, B.C.V., Meretoja, A., Churilov, L., Lees, K.R., Donnan, G.A. and Davis, S.M. (2013) Pre-stroke CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are useful in stratifying three-month outcomes in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 36(4), pp. 273-280. (doi: 10.1159/000353670)

Wintermark, M. et al. (2013) Acute stroke imaging research roadmap II. Stroke, 44(9), pp. 2628-2639. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002015)

O'Brien, R.E. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Management of acute poststroke blood pressure and detection of atrial fibrillation: a postal questionnaire of UK stroke physicians' current clinical practice. Scottish Medical Journal, 57(4), pp. 204-208. (doi: 10.1258/smj.2012.012118)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2012) Microembolic signals and aspirin resistance in patients with carotid stenosis. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 30(4), pp. 234-239. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00259.x)

Higgins, P., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., McArthur, K., Quinn, T.J. and Walters, M.R. (2012) Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 30(4), pp. 217-226. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00277.x)

Hankey, G. J. et al. (2012) Antiplatelet therapy and the effects of B vitamins in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a post-hoc subanalysis of VITATOPS, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurology, 11(6), pp. 512-520. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70091-1)

Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R.L. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Seven-day NIHSS is a sensitive outcome measure for exploratory clinical trials in acute stroke: evidence from the virtual international stroke trials archive. Stroke, 43(5), pp. 1401-1403. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.644484)

Ali, M. et al. (2012) Development, expansion and use of a stroke clinical trials resource for novel exploratory analyses. International Journal of Stroke, 7(2), pp. 133-138. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00735.x)

Hankey, G. J. et al. (2012) Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke, 43(6), pp. 1572-1577. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641613)

Bath, P.M.W., Lees, K.R., Schellinger, P.D., Altman, H., Bland, M., Hogg, C., Howard, G. and Saver, J.L. (2012) Statistical analysis of the primary outcome in acute stroke trials. Stroke, 43(4), pp. 1171-1178. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641456)

Frank, B., Fulton, R., Weimar, C., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcome in Thrombolyzed patients with stroke: evidence from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 43(7), pp. 1872-1877. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.650838)

Howard, G., Waller, J.L., Voeks, J.H., Howard, V.J., Jauch, E.C., Lees, K.R., Nichols, F.T., Rahlfs, V.W. and Hess, D.C. (2012) A simple, assumption-free, and clinically interpretable approach for analysis of modified Rankin outcomes. Stroke, 43(3), pp. 664-669. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.632935)

Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R.L., Higgins, P., Bath, P.M.W., Shuaib, A., Lyden, P. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Response of blood pressure and blood glucose to treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: evidence from the virtual international stroke trials archive. Stroke, 43(2), pp. 399-404. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.627059)

Kerr, D.M. and Lees, K.R. (2012) Letter by Kerr and Lees Regarding Article, "Country Comparisons of Human Stroke Research Since 2001: A Bibliometric Study". Stroke, 43(5), e52-e52. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.653071)

Lees, K.R., Bath, P.M.W., Schellinger, P., Kerr, D.M., Fulton, R., Hacke, W., Matchar, D., Sehra, R. and Toni, D. (2012) Contemporary outcome measures in acute stroke research: choice of primary outcome measure. Stroke, 43(4), pp. 1163-1170. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641423)

Pitt, M., Monks, T., Agarwal, P., Worthington, D., Ford, G.A., Lees, K.R., Stein, K. and James, M.A. (2012) Will delays in treatment jeopardize the population benefit from extending the time window for stroke thrombolysis? Stroke, 43(11), pp. 2992-2997. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.638650)

Rosenberg, G., Bornstein, N., Diener, H.-C., Gorelick, P.B., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K. (2011) The Membrane-Activated Chelator Stroke Intervention (MACSI) Trial of DP-b99 in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational pivotal Phase III study. International Journal of Stroke, 6(4), pp. 362-367. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00608.x)

Cameron, A., Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Walters, M.R. , McInnes, G.T., Morrison, D., Sloan, W. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Long-term outcome following attendance at a transient ischemic attack clinic. International Journal of Stroke, 6(4), pp. 306-311. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00591.x)

Hajjar, K., Kerr, D.M. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 54(3), pp. 901-907. (doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.062)

Mishra, N.K., Ahmed, N., Davalos, A., Iversen, H.K., Melo, T., Soinne, L., Wahlgren, N. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Thrombolysis outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with prior stroke and diabetes mellitus. Neurology, 77(21), pp. 1866-1872. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318238ee42)

Mishra, N.K., Shuaib, A., Lyden, P., Diener, H.-C., Grotta, J., Davis, S., Davalos, A., Ashwood, T., Wasiewski, W. and Lees, K.R. (2011) Home Time Is Extended in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Receive Thrombolytic Therapy: A Validation Study of Home Time as an Outcome Measure. Stroke, 42(4), pp. 1046-1050. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.601302)

Harrison, J.K. , Sloan, B., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Morrison, D.S. (2010) The ABCD and ABCD2 as predictors of stroke in transient ischemic attack clinic outpatients: a retrospective cohort study over 14 years. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 103(9), pp. 679-685. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq108) (PMID:20601651)

Cucchiara, B., Kasner, S., Tanne, D., Levine, S., Demchuk, A., Messe, S., Sansing, L., Lees, K. and Lyden, P. (2010) Validation assessment of risk scores to predict postthrombolysis intracerebral haemorrhage. International Journal of Stroke, 6(2), pp. 109-111. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00556.x)

Ali, M., Juttler, E., Lees, K.R., Hacke, W. and Diedler, J. (2010) Patient outcomes in historical comparators compared with randomised-controlled trials. International Journal of Stroke, 5(1), pp. 10-15. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00393.x)

Ahmed, N. et al. (2010) Association of Admission Blood Glucose and Outcome in Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis. Archives of Neurology, 67(9), pp. 1123-1130. (doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.210)

Ahmed, N., Wahlgren, N., Grond, M., Hennerici, M., Lees, K.R., Mikulik, R., Parsons, M., Roine, R.O., Toni, D. and Ringleb, P. (2010) Implementation and outcome of thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4·5 h after an acute stroke: an updated analysis from SITS-ISTR. Lancet Neurology, 9(9), pp. 866-874. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70165-4)

Ali, M. et al. (2010) VISTA-Rehab: A resource for stroke rehabilitation trials. International Journal of Stroke, 5(6), pp. 447-452. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00485.x)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Rafferty, M., Higgins, P., Ray, G., Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2010) Aspirin resistance and compliance with therapy. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 29(5), pp. 301-307. (doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00188.x)

Diedler, J. et al. (2010) Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy at stroke onset. Stroke, 41(2), pp. 288-294. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.559724)

Ederle, J. et al. (2010) Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 375(9719), pp. 985-997. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60239-5)

Kumar, N., Davis, S.M., Kaste, M. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Comparison of Outcomes Following Thrombolytic Therapy Among Patients With Prior Stroke and Diabetes in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Diabetes Care, 33(12), pp. 2531-2537.

Lees, K.R. et al. (2010) Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet, 375(9727), pp. 1695-1703. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60491-6)

McArthur, K. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Advances in emerging therapies 2009. Stroke, 41(2), e67-e70. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.571539)

Mishra, N.K., Ahmed, N., Andersen, G., Egido, J.A., Lindsberg, P.J., Ringleb, P.A., Wahlgren, N.G. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Thrombolysis in very elderly people: controlled comparison of SITS international stroke thrombolysis registry and virtual international stroke trials archive. British Medical Journal, 341, c6046. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6046)

Mishra, N.K., Diener, H.-C., Lyden, P.D., Bluhmki, E. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Influence of age on outcome from thrombolysis in acute stroke: a controlled comparison in patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 41(12), pp. 2840-2848. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.586206)

Mishra, N.K., Donnan, G.A., Furlan, A.J., Hacke, W. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Mismatch-based delayed thrombolysis: a meta-analysis. Stroke, 41(1), e25-e33. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.566869)

Mishra, N.K. et al. (2010) 5th UK Stroke Forum Conference 30 November-2 December 2010 SECC, Glasgow, UK Abstracts. International Journal of Stroke, 5(Suppl.), pp. 3-67.

Mishra, N.K., Lyden, P., Grotta, J.C. and Lees, K.R. (2010) Thrombolysis is associated with consistent functional improvement across baseline stroke severity: a comparison of outcomes in patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Stroke, 41(11), pp. 2612-2617. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.589317)

Weimar, C., Ali, M., Lees, K.R., Bluhmki, E., Donnan, G. A. and Diener, H. C. (2010) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA): results and impact on future stroke trials and management of stroke patients. International Journal of Stroke, 5(2), pp. 103-109.

Dawson, J., Quinn, T.J., Harrow, C., Lees, K.R. and Walters, M. (2009) The effect of allopurinol on the cerebral vasculature of patients with subcortical stroke; a randomized trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 68(5), pp. 662-668. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03497.x)

Kamel, H., Lees, K.R., Lyden, P.D., Teal, P.A., Shuaib, A., Ali, M. and Johnston, S.C. (2009) Delayed detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 18(6), pp. 453-457. (doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.012)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Functional outcome measures in contemporary stroke trials. International Journal of Stroke, 4(3), pp. 200-205. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00271.x) (PMID:19659822)

Ali, M., Lyden, P., Sacco, R.L., Shuaib, A. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Natural history of complications after intracerebral haemorrhage. European Journal of Neurology, 16(5), pp. 624-630. (doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02559.x)

Ahmed, N., Ford, G.A., Kaste, M., Lees, K.R. and Toni, D. (2009) Relationship of blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, and outcome in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis: retrospective analysis from Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR). Stroke, 40(7), pp. 2442-2449. (doi: 10.1161/​STROKEAHA.109.548602)

Ali, M., Sacco, R. and Lees, K. (2009) Primary end-point times, functional outcome and adverse event profile after acute ischaemic stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 4(6), pp. 432-442.

Ali, M. , Atula, S., Bath, P.M.W., Grotta, J., Hacke, W., Lyden, P., Marler, J.R., Sacco, R.L. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Stroke outcome in clinical trial patients deriving from different countries. Stroke, 40(1), pp. 35-40. (doi: 10.1161/​STROKEAHA.108.518035)

Cucchiara, B., Kasner, S.E., Tanne, D., Levine, S.R., Demchuk, A., Messe, S.R., Sansing, L., Lees, K.R. and Lyden, P. (2009) Factors associated with intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke pooled analysis of placebo data from the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT) I and SAINT II trials. Stroke, 40(9), pp. 3067-3072. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.554386)

Dawson, J., Lees, K., Weir, C., Weir, C., Quinn, T., Ali, M., Hennerici, M. and Walters, M. (2009) Baseline Serum Urate and 90-Day Functional Outcomes following Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(2), pp. 202-203.

Dawson, J. , Lamb, K.E., Quinn, T.J., Lees, K.R., Horvers, M., Verrijth, M.J. and Walters, M. (2009) A recognition tool for transient ischaemic attack. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 102(1), pp. 43-49. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn139)

Dawson, J., Quinn, T.J., Harrow, C., Lees, K.R., Weir, C., Cleland, S. and Walters, M. (2009) Allopurinol and nitric oxide activity in the cerebral circulation of those with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 32(1), pp. 135-137. (doi: 10.2337/dc08-1179)

Diener, H., Weimar, C., Ali, M. and Lees, K. (2009) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA): Significance for Stroke Research. Aktuelle Neurologie, 36(4), pp. 174-179.

Higgins, P. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Advances in emerging therapies 2008. Stroke, 40(5), e292-e294. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.544544)

Kidwell, C.S., Lees, K.R., Muir, K.W. , Chen, C., Davis, S.M., De Silva, D.A., Weir, C.J., Starkman, S., Alger, J.R. and Saver, J.L. (2009) Results of the MRI substudy of the intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial. Stroke, 40(5), pp. 1704-1709. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.537613)

Lees, K.R. (2009) PRoFESS. Stroke, 40(5), p. 1941. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.541854)

Lees, K.R. (2009) Training and consistency in stroke assessments. Stroke, 40(7), p. 2297. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.541581)

Lees, K. (2009) Stroke: success for extending acute treatment. Lancet Neurology, 8(1), pp. 2-4.

Quinn, T.J. , Cameron, A., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M.R. (2009) ABCD2 scores and prediction of noncerebrovascular diagnoses in an outpatient population: a case-control study. Stroke, 40(3), pp. 749-753. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.530444)

Quinn, T.J. , Cameron, A.D., Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) A prospective study using the ABCD2 score in screening for minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack in referrals to a fast track clinic response. Stroke, 40(6), e468-e468. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551077) (PMID:19390063)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Exploring the reliability of the modified Rankin Scale. Stroke, 40(3), pp. 762-766. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.522516)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review. Stroke, 40(10), pp. 3393-3395. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.557256)

Quinn, T. and Lees, K. (2009) Hyperglycaemia in Acute Stroke - To Treat or Not to Treat. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27, pp. 148-155.

Quinn, T. , Paolucci, S., Sunnerhagen, K., Sivenius, J., Walker, M., Toni, D. and Lees, K. (2009) Evidence-Based Stroke Rehabilitation: An Expanded Guidance Document from the European Stroke Organisation (Eso) Guidelines for Management of Ischaemic Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack 2008. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(2), pp. 99-111.

Saini, M., Saqqur, M., Kamruzzaman, A., Lees, K.R. and Shuaib, A. (2009) Effect of hyperthermia on prognosis after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 40(9), pp. 3051-3059. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.556134)

Whitehead, J., Bolland, K., Valdes-Marquez, E., Lihic, A., Ali, M. and Lees, K.R. (2009) Using historical lesion volume data in the design of a new phase II clinical trial in acute stroke. Stroke, 40(4), pp. 1347-1352. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.531442)

Muir, S.W., Harrow, C., Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R., Weir, C.J., Sattar, N. and Walters, M.R. (2008) Allopurinol use yields potentially beneficial effects on inflammatory indices in those with recent ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3303-3307. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.519793)

Lecrux, C., McCabe, C. , Weir, C.J., Gallagher, L., Mullin, J., Touzani, O., Muir, K. , Lees, K.R. and Macrae, I.M. (2008) Effects of magnesium treatment in a model of internal capsule lesion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke, 39(2), pp. 448-454. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.492934)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Past, present and future of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(2), pp. 181-192. (doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.2.181)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Lees, J.S. , Chang, T.P., Walters, M.R. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Time spent at home poststroke: “home-time” a meaningful and robust outcome measure for stroke trials. Stroke, 39(1), pp. 231-233. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.493320)

Dawson, J. , Quinn, T.J. , Lees, K.R. and Walters, M. (2008) The continued yin and yang of uric acid. Stroke, 39(1), e9-e9. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.502245)

Dawson, J. , Weir, C., Wright, F., Bryden, C., Aslanyan, S., Lees, K., Bird, W. and Walters, M. (2008) Associations between meteorological variables and acute stroke hospital admissions in the west of Scotland. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 117(2), pp. 85-89. (doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00916.x)

Diener, H.C. et al. (2008) NXY-059 for the treatment of acute stroke: pooled analysis of the SAINT I and II trials. Stroke, 39(6), pp. 1751-1758. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.503334)

Fink, J.N., Frampton, C.M., Lyden, P. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Does hemispheric lateralization influence functional and cardiovascular outcomes after stroke?: an analysis of placebo-treated patients from prospective acute stroke trials. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3335-3340. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523365)

Hacke, W. et al. (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(13), pp. 1317-1329. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804656)

Higgins, P., Ghosh, S. and Lees, K. (2008) Improving mortality from stroke disease: putting the evidence into practice. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 69(12), pp. 668-669.

Lees, K.R. et al. (2008) Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke in the United Kingdom: experience from the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke (SITS) register. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 101(11), pp. 863-869. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn102)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Variability in modified rankin scoring across a large cohort of observers. Stroke, 39(11), pp. 2975-2979. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.515262)

Quinn, T.J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Advances in emerging therapies 2007. Stroke, 39(2), pp. 255-257. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.508291)

Quinn, T.J. , Ray, G., Atula, S., Walters, M.R. , Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Deriving modified rankin scores from medical records. Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3421-3423. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.519306)

Wahlgren, N., Ahmed, N., Davalos, A., Hacke, W., Millan, M., Muir, K. , Roine, R.O., Toni, D. and Lees, K.R. (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3—4·5 h after acute ischaemic stroke (SITS-ISTR): an observational study. Lancet, 372(9646), pp. 1303-1309. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61339-2)

Wahlgren, N. et al. (2008) Multivariable analysis of outcome predictors and adjustment of main outcome results to baseline data profile in randomized controlled trials: Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-MOnitoring STudy (SITS-MOST). Stroke, 39(12), pp. 3316-3322. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.510768)

Wintermark, M. et al. (2008) Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. Stroke, 39(5), pp. 1621-1628. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.512319)

Quinn, T.J. , Dawson, J. , Walters, M.R. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Reliability of the modified rankin scale. Stroke, 38(11), e144. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490110)

Quinn, T.J. and Lees, K.R. (2007) European Stroke Conference, Glasgow, UK, May 29–June 1, 2007. International Journal of Stroke, 2(4), pp. 297-298. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00155.x)

Ahmed, N. et al. (2007) Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet, 369, pp. 275-282.

Ali, M. et al. (2007) The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. Stroke, 38(6), pp. 1905-1910. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.473579)

Ashwood, T., Davalos, A., Davis, S., Diener, H., Emeribe, U., Grotta, J., Lees, K., Lyden, P., Shuaib, A. and Wasiewski, W. (2007) NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, pp. 562-571.

Aslanyan, S., Grieve, A., Johnston, C., Krams, M., Lees, K. and Weir, C. (2007) The association of post-stroke neurological improvement with risk of subsequent deterioration due to stroke events. European Journal of Neurology, 14, pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01549.x)

Aslanyan, S., Weir, C.J., Muir, K.W. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Magnesium for treatment of acute lacunar stroke syndromes: further analysis of the IMAGES trial. Stroke, 38(10), pp. 1269-1273. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000259628.94421.09)

Dawson, J. , Lees, J.S. , Chang, T.P., Walters, M.R. , Ali, M. , Davis, S.M., Diener, H.C. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Association between disability measures and healthcare costs after initial treatment for acute stroke. Stroke, 38(6), pp. 1893-1898. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.472381)

Dawson, J. and Lees, K.R. (2007) Advances in emerging therapies 2006. Stroke, 38(2), pp. 219-221. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000254718.22566.90)

Dawson, J. , Lees, K.R. and Quinn, T.J. (2007) Acute stroke: we have the treatments and we have the evidence we need to use them. Critical Care Medicine, 11(2), p. 124.

Lees, K.R., Ashwood, T. and Odergren, T. (2007) Response to letter by Proctor and Tamborello. Stroke, 38(10), e110-e110. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.493411)

Lees, K. and Shuaib, A. (2007) NXY-059 for the treatment of stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(21), pp. 2198-2199.

Lyden, P.D. et al. (2007) Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT trial. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2262-2269. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.472746)

Murray, S., Bashir, K., Lees, K.R., Langhorne, P., Muir, K., MacAlpine, C. and Roberts, M. (2007) Epidemiological aspects of referral to TIA clinics in Glasgow. Scottish Medical Journal, 52, pp. 4-8.

Prosser, J., MacGregor, L., Lees, K.R., Diener, H.-C., Hacke, W. and Davis, S. (2007) Predictors of early cardiac morbidity and mortality after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2295-2302. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.471813)

Quinn, T.J. , Lees, K.R., Hardemark, H.G., Dawson, J. and Walters, M.R. (2007) Initial experience of a digital training resource for modified Rankin scale assessment in clinical trials. Stroke, 38(8), pp. 2257-2261. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480723)

Lees, K.R. et al. (2006) Additional outcomes and subgroup analyses of NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke in the SAINT I trial. Stroke, 37(12), pp. 2970-2978. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000249410.91473.44)

Thomas, D. et al. (2006) Glyceryl trinitrate vs. control, and continuing vs. stopping temporarily prior anti hypertensive therapy, in acute stroke: rationale and design of the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial. International Journal of Stroke, 1(4), pp. 245-249. (doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2006.00059.x)

Arima, H. et al. (2006) Prior events predict cerebrovascular and coronary outcomes in the PROGRESS trial. Stroke, 37(6), pp. 1497-1502. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000221212.36860.c9)

Lees, K.R., Lyden, P. and Shuaib, A. (2006) NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke - reply. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(19), p. 2076.

Al, R.Y., Albers, G.W., Eyding, D., Furlan, A.J., Hacke, W.l., Lees, K.R., Rowley, H.A., Sachara, C., Soehngen, M. and Warach, S. (2006) Dose escalation of desmoteplase for acute ischemic stroke (DEDAS): evidence of safety and efficacy 3 to 9 hours after stroke onset. Stroke, 37(5), pp. 1227-1231. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000217403.66996.6d)

Dittrich, R., Ritter, M.A., Kaps, M., Siebler, M., Lees, K.R., Larrue, V., Nabavi, D.G., Ringelstein, E.B., Markus, H.S. and Droste, D.W. (2006) The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS (Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial. Stroke, 37(4), pp. 1065-1069. (doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000209331.39894.3d)

Ashwood, T. et al. (2006) NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 354, pp. 588-600.

Bain, C., Lees, K., Lumsden, M. and Walters, M. (2006) Sex hormones and cerebral hemodynamics - Author's reply. Climacteric, 9(1), p. 67.

Chiu, D. et al. (2006) Effect of the glycine antagonist gavestinel on cerebral infarcts in acute stroke patients, a randomized placebo-controlled trial: The GAIN MRI substudy. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21, pp. 106-111. (doi: 10.1159/000090208)

Davis, S., Lees, K. and Donnan, G. (2006) Treating the acute stroke patient as an emergency: current practices and future opportunities. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60, pp. 399-407. (doi: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00873.x)

Davis, S., Lees, K. and Lyden, P. (2006) Alteplase for acute stroke revisited: the first 10 years. Lancet Neurology, 5(9), pp. 722-724.

Dawson, J., Walters, M. and Lees, K. (2006) 21st century stroke - A medical emergency. Scottish Medical Journal, 51(3), pp. 34-41.

Lees, K. (2006) The narrow upward path towards neuroprotection. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 22, pp. 1-2.

Lees, K. and Milia, P. (2006) Halving effort in acute stroke trials. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 28(03-Apr), pp. 309-312.

Lees, K., Muir, K. , Ovbiagele, B., Saver, J. and Weir, C. (2006) Effect of smoking status on outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21, pp. 260-265. (doi: 10.1159/000091224)

Milia, P., Muir, S., Alem, M., Lees, K. and Walters, M. (2006) Comparison of the effect of diuretics on carotid blood flow in stroke patients. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 47, pp. 446-449.

Nazir, F., Alem, M., Small, M., Connell, J., Lees, K., Walters, M. and Cleland, S. (2006) Blunted response to systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the cerebral circulation of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 23, pp. 398-402. (doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01815.x)

Newman, E.J., Rahman, F.S., Lees, K.R., Weir, C.J. and Walters, M. (2006) Elevated serum urate concentration independently predicts poor outcome following stroke in patients with diabetes. Diabetes: Metabolism Research and Reviews, 22(1), pp. 79-82.