Professor James Brewer

Chair in Basic Immunology (Immunology & Infection)

telephone: 01413308417
email: James.Brewer@glasgow.ac.uk

B424, Level 4, Sir Graham Davies Building, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA

Biography

I completed a Ph.D. designing novel vaccine adjuvants with Professor Jim Alexander at Strathclyde University in 1993 and continued to work on the development and formulation of novel adjuvants for industry until 1996. I joined the Glasgow Immunology Department in 1997 with a Wellcome Career Development Fellowship, which allowed me to concentrate on the fundamental immunological problem of how adjuvants work. During my Fellowship, I also worked at Washington University in St. Louis with Dr David Russell, where I developed an interest the application of microscopy and bioimaging to answer fundamental immunological problems. I was appointed as a Lecturer at Glasgow in 2001 and Senior Lecturer in 2005. In 2006 I joined the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde as a Reader. In 2009, I was appointed Professor in the Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation - now the School of Infection & Immunity - at the University of Glasgow.

Research interests

Imaging Infection and Immunity in vivo.

My research applies advanced imaging techniques to enhance our understanding of the basic biology of the immune system in real time, in vivo. Working with my long-term collaborator, Professor Paul Garside, we have applied these approaches to understand how cellular interactions govern the magnitude and phenotype of developing immune responses. We apply these approaches to understanding the host parasite interaction in immunity to infection as well as the host immune response against self in autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis. These studies are enabled by a state of the art imaging technologies (e.g. multiphoton microscopy, microendoscopy, whole body imaging, high content imaging) that we have established at the University of Glasgow. We collaborate with physicists, mathematicians and chemists to continue development of new non-invasive, translational cell-imaging approaches and combine them with in vivo biological approaches in immunology such as cell specific reporters, cell fate tracking, transcriptomics and cell sorting.

For an 11 minute video describing my research see my recent talk at TEDx Glasgow

Link to Research Gate Profile

Link to LIVE research Group

Publications

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Number of items: 140.

2024

Camargo da Rosa, L. , Scales, H. E. , Benson, R. A. , Brewer, J. M. , McInnes, I. B. and Garside, P. (2024) The effect of abatacept on T cell activation is not long-lived in vivo. Discovery Immunology, 3(1), kyad029. (doi: 10.1093/discim/kyad029)

2023

Gatt, Z., Gunes, U., Raponi, A., Camargo da Rosa, L. and Brewer, J. M. (2023) Review: Unravelling the role of DNA sensing in alum adjuvant activity. Discovery Immunology, 2(1), kyac012. (doi: 10.1093/discim/kyac012)

2022

Audshasai, T. et al. (2022) Streptococcus pneumoniae rapidly translocate from the nasopharynx through the cribriform plate to invade the outer meninges. mBio, 13(4), e0102422. (doi: 10.1128/mbio.01024-22) (PMID:35924840) (PMCID:PMC9426477)

Prendergast, C. T., Benson, R. A. , Scales, H. E. , Bonilha, C. S., Cole, J. J., McInnes, I. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2022) Dissecting the molecular control of immune cell accumulation in the inflamed joint. JCI Insight, 7(7), e151281. (doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.151281) (PMID:35192549) (PMCID:PMC9057592)

Camargo da Rosa, L. , Scales, H. E. , Makhija, S., Sutherland, K., Benson, R. A. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2022) Revealing stromal and lymphoid sources of Col3a1-expression during inflammation using a novel reporter mouse. Discovery Immunology, 1(1), kyac008. (doi: 10.1093/discim/kyac008)

Meehan, G. R. , Scales, H. E. , McInnes, I. B. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2022) Orally administered antigen can reduce or exacerbate pathology in an animal model of inflammatory arthritis dependent upon the timing of administration. Immunotherapy Advances, 2(1), ltac020. (doi: 10.1093/immadv/ltac020) (PMID:36268500) (PMCID:PMC9579813)

2021

Meehan, G. R. et al. (2021) Preclinical models of arthritis for studying immunotherapy and immune tolerance. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 80(10), pp. 1268-1277. (doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220043) (PMID:34380700)

Raponi, A., Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. and Laera, D. (2021) Nanoalum adjuvanted vaccines: small details make a big difference. Seminars in Immunology, 56, 101544. (doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101544) (PMID:34895823)

Bonilha, C. S., Benson, R. A. , Scales, H. E. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2021) Junctional adhesion molecule-A on dendritic cells regulates Th1 differentiation. Immunology Letters, 235, pp. 32-40. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.001) (PMID:34000305)

Al Khabouri, S., Benson, R. A. , Prendergast, C. T., Gray, J. I., Otto, T. D. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2021) TCRß sequencing reveals spatial and temporal evolution of clonal CD4 T cell responses in a breach of tolerance model of inflammatory arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 669856. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669856) (PMID:33986757) (PMCID:PMC8110912)

De Lorenzo, G. et al. (2021) Zika virus-like particles bearing covalent dimer of envelope protein protect mice from lethal challenge. Journal of Virology, 95(1), e01415-20. (doi: 10.1128/JVI.01415-20) (PMID:33028720) (PMCID:PMCID: PMC7737734)

2020

Bonilha, C. S., Benson, R. A. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2020) Targeting opposing immunological roles of the junctional adhesion molecule-A in autoimmunity and cancer. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 602094. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602094) (PMID:33324419) (PMCID:PMC7723963)

Osii, R. S., Otto, T. D. , Garside, P. , Ndungu, F. and Brewer, J. M. (2020) The impact of malaria parasites on dendritic cell–T cell interaction. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1597. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01597)

Meehan, G. R. , Scales, H. E. , Osii, R., De Niz, M., Lawton, J. C., Marti, M. , Garside, P. , Craig, A. and Brewer, J. M. (2020) Developing a xenograft model of human vasculature in the mouse ear pinna. Scientific Reports, 10, 2058. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58650-y) (PMID:32029768) (PMCID:PMC7004987)

2019

Goncalves-Alves, E. et al. (2019) MicroRNA-155 controls T helper cell activation during viral infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1367. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01367) (PMID:31275315) (PMCID:PMC6593301)

Hayes, A. J. et al. (2019) Spatiotemporal modeling of the key migratory events during the initiation of adaptive immunity. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 598. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00598) (PMID:31024523) (PMCID:PMC6460458)

Alfituri, O. A., Ajibola, O., Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. , Benson, R. A. , Peel, T., Morrison, L. J. and Mabbott, N. A. (2019) Effects of host-derived chemokines on the motility and viability of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasite Immunology, 41(2), e12609. (doi: 10.1111/pim.12609) (PMID:30525202) (PMCID:PMC6767366)

2018

Scales, H. E. et al. (2018) A novel cellular pathway of antigen presentation and CD4 T cell activation in vivo. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 2684. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02684)

Benson, R. A. et al. (2018) Non-invasive multiphoton imaging of islets transplanted into the pinna of the NOD mouse ear reveals the immediate effect of anti-CD3 treatment in autoimmune diabetes. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 1006. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01006) (PMID:29867981) (PMCID:PMC5968092)

Lee, R. S., Waters, A. P. and Brewer, J. M. (2018) A cryptic cycle in haematopoietic niches promotes initiation of malaria transmission and evasion of chemotherapy. Nature Communications, 9, 1689. (doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04108-9) (PMID:29703959) (PMCID:PMC5924373)

Prendergast, C. T., Patakas, A., Al-Khabouri, S., McIntyre, C. L., McInnes, I. B. , Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. and Benson, R. A. (2018) Visualising the interaction of CD4 T cells and DCs in the evolution of inflammatory arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 77(4), pp. 579-588. (doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212279) (PMID:29358281)

Benson, R. A. , McInnes, I. B. , Garside, P. and Brewer, J. M. (2018) Model answers: rational application of murine models in Arthritis research. European Journal of Immunology, 48(1), pp. 32-38. (doi: 10.1002/eji.201746938) (PMID:29193037) (PMCID:PMC5814907)

Frame, L., Brewer, J. , Lee, R., Faulds, K. and Graham, D. (2018) Development of a label-free Raman imaging technique for differentiation of malaria parasite infected from non-infected tissue. Analyst, 143(1), pp. 157-163. (doi: 10.1039/c7an01760j) (PMID:29143837)

Noonan, J. et al. (2018) In vivo multiplex molecular imaging of vascular inflammation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Theranostics, 8(22), pp. 6195-6209. (doi: 10.7150/thno.28665) (PMID:30613292) (PMCID:PMC6299693)

2017

Coles, J. A., Myburgh, E. , Brewer, J. M. and McMenamin, P. G. (2017) Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain. Progress in Neurobiology, 156, pp. 107-148. (doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002) (PMID:28552391)

McIntosh, A., Meikle, L. M., Ormsby, M. J. , McCormick, B. A., Christie, J. M. , Brewer, J. M. , Roberts, M. and Wall, D. M. (2017) SipA activation of caspase-3 is a decisive mediator of host cell survival at early stages of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium Infection. Infection and Immunity, 85(9), e00393-17. (doi: 10.1128/IAI.00393-17) (PMID:28630067) (PMCID:PMC5563584)

Coles, J. A., Stewart-Hutchinson, P. J., Myburgh, E. and Brewer, J. M. (2017) The mouse cortical meninges are the site of immune responses to many different pathogens, and are accessible to intravital imaging. Methods, 127, pp. 53-61. (doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.03.020) (PMID:28351758) (PMCID:PMC5595162)

Kurowska-Stolarska, M. et al. (2017) MicroRNA-34a dependent regulation of AXL controls the activation of dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis. Nature Communications, 8, 15877. (doi: 10.1038/ncomms15877) (PMID:28639625) (PMCID:PMC5489689)

van der Putten, M. , Brewer, J. M. and Harvey, A. R. (2017) Multispectral oximetry of murine tendon microvasculature with inflammation. Biomedical Optics Express, 8(6), pp. 2896-2905. (doi: 10.1364/BOE.8.002896)

van der Putten, M. A. , Brewer, J. M. and Harvey, A. R. (2017) Minimally Invasive Optical Biopsy for Oximetry. In: Endoscopic Microscopy XII, San Francisco, CA, USA, 29-30 Jan 2017, p. 1004009. (doi: 10.1117/12.2253645)

Benson, R. A. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2017) Visualizing and tracking T cell motility In vivo. In: Rainger, G. E. and Mcgettrick, H. M. (eds.) T-Cell Trafficking: Methods and Protocols [Second Edition]. Series: Methods in molecular biology (1591). Springer: New York, pp. 27-41. ISBN 9781493969296 (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6931-9_3)

Stephen, J., Scales, H.E. , Benson, R.A. , Erben, D., Garside, P. and Brewer, J.M. (2017) Neutrophil swarming and extracellular trap formation play a significant role in Alum adjuvant activity. npj Vaccines, 2, 1. (doi: 10.1038/s41541-016-0001-5) (PMID:29263862) (PMCID:PMC5604741)

2016

Duncan, S. M., Myburgh, E. , Philipon, C., Brown, E., Meissner, M. , Brewer, J. and Mottram, J. (2016) Conditional gene deletion with DiCre demonstrates an essential role for CRK3 in Leishmania mexicana cell cycle regulation. Molecular Microbiology, 100(6), pp. 931-944. (doi: 10.1111/mmi.13375) (PMID:26991545) (PMCID:PMC4913733)

Houston, S.A., Cerovic, V., Thomson, C., Brewer, J. , Mowat, A.M. and Milling, S. (2016) The lymph nodes draining the small intestine and colon are anatomically separate and immunologically distinct. Mucosal Immunology, 9(2), pp. 468-478. (doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.77) (PMID:26329428)

Patakas, A., Ji, R., Weir, W. , Connolly, S. E., Benson, R. A. , Nadler, S. G., Brewer, J. M. , McInnes, I. B. and Garside, P. (2016) Abatacept inhibits T cell priming by inducing of a unique transcriptional profile that reduces their ability to activate antigen presenting cells. Arthritis and Rheumatology, 68(3), pp. 627-638. (doi: 10.1002/art.39470) (PMID:26473409)

Scales, H. E. , Ierna, M., Smith, K. M., Ross, K., Meiklejohn, G. R., Patterson-Kane, J. C., McInnes, I. B., Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2016) Assessment of murine collagen-induced arthritis by longitudinal non-invasive duplexed molecular optical imaging. Rheumatology, 55(3), pp. 564-572. (doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev361) (PMID:26475798)

2015

Shaw, T. N. et al. (2015) Perivascular arrest of CD8+ T cells is a signature of experimental cerebral malaria. PLoS Pathogens, 11(11), e1005210. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005210) (PMID:26562533) (PMCID:PMC4643016)

Benson, R. A. , Macleod, M. K.L. , Hale, B. G.H. , Patakas, A., Garside, P. and Brewer, J. M. (2015) Antigen presentation kinetics control T cell/dendritic cell interactions and follicular helper T cell generation in vivo. eLife, 4, e06994. (doi: 10.7554/eLife.06994) (PMID:26258879) (PMCID:PMC4558563)

Hu, D. et al. (2015) Artery tertiary lymphoid organs control aorta immunity and protect against atherosclerosis via vascular smooth muscle cell lymphotoxin β receptors. Immunity, 42(6), pp. 1100-1115. (doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.015) (PMID:26084025) (PMCID:PMC4678289)

Benson, R. A. , McInnes, I. B. , Brewer, J. M. and Garside, P. (2015) Cellular imaging in rheumatic diseases. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 11(6), pp. 357-367. (doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.34) (PMID:25800215)

Coles, J. A., Myburgh, E. , Ritchie, R., Hamilton, A., Rodgers, J. , Mottram, J. C. , Barrett, M. P. and Brewer, J. M. (2015) Intravital imaging of a massive lymphocyte response in the cortical dura of mice after peripheral infection by trypanosomes. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(4), e0003714. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003714) (PMID:25881126) (PMCID:PMC4400075)

Platt, A. M., Benson, R. A. , McQueenie, R., Butcher, J. P., Braddock, M., Brewer, J. M. , McInnes, I. B. and Garside, P. (2015) The active metabolite of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor fostamatinib abrogates the CD4+ T cell-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Rheumatology, 54(1), pp. 169-177. (doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu273) (PMID:25065010)

2014

Elmesmari, A., Gilchrist, D. S., Fraser, A. R., Graham, G. J. , Brewer, J. , Kurowska-Stolarska, M. and McInnes, I. B. (2014) Mir-155 Expression Correlates with Clinical Disease Activity and has Effector Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis. 2014 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 14-19 Nov 2014. (Unpublished)

Oliphant, C. J. et al. (2014) MHCII-mediated dialog between group 2 innate lymphoid cells and CD4+ T cells potentiates type 2 immunity and promotes parasitic helminth expulsion. Immunity, 41(2), pp. 283-295. (doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.016) (PMID:25088770) (PMCID:PMC4148706)

Elmesmari, A., Gilchrist, D. S., Fraser, A. R., Vaughan, D. , Graham, G. J. , Brewer, J. , Kurowska-Stolarska, M. and McInnes, I. B. (2014) MicroRNA-155 Regulates Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Monocytes. Libya Higher Education Forum, London, UK, 5-6 June 2014. (Unpublished)

Benson, R. A. , Brewer, J. M. and Platt, A. M. (2014) Mechanisms of autoimmunity in human diseases: a critical review of current dogma. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 26(2), pp. 197-203. (doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000037)

Lawton, J. C., Benson, R. A. , Garside, P. and Brewer, J. M. (2014) Using lymph node transplantation as an approach to image cellular interactions between the skin and draining lymph nodes during parasitic infections. Parasitology International, 63(1), pp. 165-170. (doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.07.010)

Maddaluno, M., MacRitchie, N., Grassia, G., Ialenti, A., Butcher, J. P., Garside, P. , Brewer, J. M. and Maffia, P. (2014) Murine aortic smooth muscle cells acquire, though fail to present exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. BioMed Research International(949845), (doi: 10.1155/2014/949845) (PMID:25136640) (PMCID:PMC4127268)

Shrestha, R., Shakya Shrestha, S., Millington, O., Brewer, J. and Bushell, T. (2014) Immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 12(45), pp. 67-76.

Shrestha, R., Millington, O., Brewer, J. , Dev, K. K. and Bushell, T. J. (2014) Lymphocyte-mediated neuroprotection in in vitro models of excitotoxicity involves astrocytic activation and the inhibition of MAP kinase signalling pathways. Neuropharmacology, 76, pp. 184-193. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.025)

2013

Grassia, G., MacRitchie, N., Platt, A., Brewer, J. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2013) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis? Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 137(2), pp. 172-182. (doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.001) (PMID:23059425)

Myburgh, E. , Coles, J.A., Ritchie, R., Kennedy, P.G.E., McLatchie, A., Rodgers, J. , Taylor, M., Barrett, M. , Brewer, J. and Mottram, J.C. (2013) In vivo imaging of trypanosome-brain interactions and development of a rapid screening test for drugs against CNS stage trypanosomiasis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(8), e2384. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002384)

Stevenson, R. et al. (2013) Analysis of intracellular enzyme activity by surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst, 138(21), pp. 6331-6336. (doi: 10.1039/c3an00729d)

2012

MacRitchie, N. et al. (2012) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play a key role in promoting atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 32(11), pp. 2569-2579. (doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.251314)

Patakas, A., Benson, R.A. , Withers, D.R., Conigliaro, P., McInnes, I.B. , Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2012) Th17 effector cells support B bell responses outside of germinal centres. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e49715. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049715) (PMID:23166752) (PMCID:PMC3500323)

Akbar, M., Fraser, A. R., Graham, G. J. , Brewer, J. M. and Grant, M. H. (2012) Acute inflammatory response to cobalt chromium orthopaedic wear debris in a rodent air-pouch model. Journal of the Royal Society: Interface, 9(74), pp. 2109-2119. (doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0006)

Elmesmari, A., Gilchrist, D., Fraser, A., Brewer, J. , McInnes, I. and Kurowska-Stolarska, M. (2012) The role of miR-155 in monocyte migration in Rheumatoid arthritis. In: European Congress of Immunology, Glasgow, UK, 5-8 Sept 2012, pp. 588-589. (doi: 10.1111/imm.12002)

Afolaranmi, G.A., Akbar, M., Brewer, J. and Grant, M.H. (2012) Distribution of metal released from cobalt-chromium alloy orthopaedic wear particles implanted into air pouches in mice. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 100A(6), pp. 1529-1538. (doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34091)

Gibson, V.B. et al. (2012) A novel method to allow noninvasive, longitudinal imaging of the murine immune system in vivo. Blood, 119(11), pp. 2545-2551. (doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-378356) (PMID:22271449) (PMCID:PMC3398133)

Elmesmari, A., Gilchrist, D. S., Fraser, A. D., Vaughan, D. , McQueenie, R., Graham, G. , Brewer, J. , McInnes, I. B. and Kurowska-Stolarska, M. (2012) Microrna-155 regulates chemokines and chemokine receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis monocyte. In: American College of Rheumatology & Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals, Annual Scientific Meeting, Washington DC, USA, 9-14 Nov 2012, S384. (doi: 10.1002/art.37735)

Ghimire, T.R., Benson, R.A. , Garside, P. and Brewer, J.M. (2012) Alum increases antigen uptake, reduces antigen degradation and sustains antigen presentation by DCs in vitro. Immunology Letters, 147(1-2), pp. 55-62. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.06.002)

Hutchison, S., Benson, R.A. , Gibson, V.B., Pollock, A.H., Garside, P. and Brewer, J.M. (2012) Antigen depot is not required for alum adjuvanticity. FASEB Journal, 26(3), pp. 1272-1279. (doi: 10.1096/fj.11-184556) (PMID:22106367) (PMCID:PMC3289510)

McQueenie, R., Stevenson, R., Benson, R. , MacRitchie, N., McInnes, I. , Maffia, P. , Faulds, K., Graham, D., Brewer, J. and Garside, P. (2012) Detection of inflammation in vivo by surface-enhanced raman scattering provides higher sensitivity than conventional fluorescence imaging. Analytical Chemistry, 84(14), pp. 5968-5975. (doi: 10.1021/ac3006445)

Patakas, A., Benson, R.A. , Withers, D.R., Conigliaro, P., McInnes, I.B. , Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2012) Th17 effector cells support B cell responses outside of germinal centres. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e49715. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049715) (PMID:23161902) (PMCID:PMC3812864)

2011

Benson, R.A. , Patakas, A., McQueenie, R., Ross, K., McInnes, I.B. , Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2011) Arthritis in space and time – to boldly go! FEBS Letters, 585(23), pp. 2640-3648. (doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.069) (PMID:21570969)

Butcher, J.P., Malcolm, J. , Benson, R.A. , Deng, D.M., Brewer, J.M. , Garside, P. and Culshaw, S. (2011) Effects of streptococcus mutans on dendritic cell activation and function. Journal of Dental Research, 90(10), pp. 1221-1227. (doi: 10.1177/0022034511412970)

Conigliaro, P., Benson, R. A. , Patakas, A., Kelly, S. M., Valesini, G., Holmdahl, R., Brewer, J. M. , McInnes, I. B. and Garside, P. (2011) Characterization of the anticollagen antibody response in a new model of chronic polyarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 63(8), pp. 2299-2308. (doi: 10.1002/art.30413) (PMID:21506101)

Patakas, A., Platt, A. M., Butcher, J. P., Maffia, P. , McInnes, I. B. , Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. and Benson, R. A. (2011) Putative existence of reciprocal dialogue between Tfh and B cells and its impact on infectious and autoimmune disease. Immunology Letters, 138(1), pp. 38-46. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.03.002) (PMID:21419798)

Akbar, M., Brewer, J.M. and Grant, M.H. (2011) Effect of chromium and cobalt ions on primary human lymphocytesin vitro. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 8(2), pp. 140-149. (doi: 10.3109/1547691X.2011.553845)

Fumagalli, S. et al. (2011) In vivo real-time multiphoton imaging of t lymphocytes in the mouse brain after experimental stroke. Stroke, 42(5), pp. 1429-1436. (doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.603704)

2010

Platt, A. M., Gibson, V. B., Patakas, A., Benson, R. A. , Nadler, S. G., Brewer, J. M. , McInnes, I. and Garside, P. (2010) Abatacept limits breach of self-tolerance in a Murine model of arthritis via effects on the generation of T follicular helper cells. Journal of Immunology, 185(3), pp. 1558-1567. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001311) (PMID:20601593)

Commander, N. J., Brewer, J. M. , Wren, B. W., Spencer, S. A., MacMillan, A. P. and Stack, J. A. (2010) Liposomal delivery of p-ialB and p-omp25 DNA vaccines improves immunogenicity but fails to provide full protection against B. melitensis challenge. Genetic Vaccines and Therapy, 8, 5. (doi: 10.1186/1479-0556-8-5) (PMID:20637091) (PMCID:PMC2918601)

Benson, R.A. , Patakas, A., Conigliaro, P., Rush, C. M., Garside, P. , McInnes, I. B. and Brewer, J. M. (2010) Identifying the Cells Breaching Self-Tolerance in Autoimmunity. Journal of Immunology, 184(11), pp. 6378-6385. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903951) (PMID:20421640)

Ortolano, F., Maffia, P. , Dever, G., Rodolico, G. , Millington, O.R., De Simoni, M.G., Brewer, J.M. , Bushell, T.J., Garside, P. and Carswell, H.V. (2010) Advances in imaging of new targets for pharmacological intervention in stroke: real-time tracking of T-cells in the ischaemic brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 159(4), pp. 808-811. (doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00527.x) (PMID:20015295) (PMCID:PMC2829206)

Conigliaro, P., Perricone, C., Benson, R.A. , Garside, P. , Brewer, J.M. , Perricone, R. and Valesini, G. (2010) The type I IFN system in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity, 43(3), pp. 220-225. (doi: 10.3109/08916930903510914)

Garside, P. and Brewer, J. (2010) In vivo imaging of infection immunology—4I’s! Seminars in Immunopathology, 32(3), pp. 289-296. (doi: 10.1007/s00281-010-0215-y)

Grassia, G., Dever, G., Gordon, P., McInnes, I. , Spanbroek, R., Habenicht, A.J.R., Brewer, J. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2010) Real time imaging of lymphocytes in APOE-/- mouse aortic tertiary lymphoid organs. In: Spring Meeting of the British-Society-for-Cardiovascular-Research 2010, Manchester, UK, 07-08 June 2010, e12. (doi: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205781.11)

Millington, O. R., Brewer, J. M. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2010) Imaging interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems in vivo by multiphoton microscopy. In: Marelli-Berg, F. M. and Nourshargh, S. (eds.) T-Cell Trafficking: Methods and Protocols. Series: Methods in Molecular Biology, 616 (616). Humana Press Inc, pp. 193-206. ISBN 9781607614609 (doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-461-6_13)

Rush, C.M. and Brewer, J.M. (2010) Tracking dendritic cells in vivo. Methods in Molecular Biology, 626, pp. 169-185. (doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-585-9_12) (PMID:20099128)

2009

Ogunwale, B., Schmidt-Ott, A., Meek, R. M. D. and Brewer, J. M. (2009) Investigating the immunologic effects of CoCr nanoparticles. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 467(11), 3010. (doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-0949-9) (PMID:19565304) (PMCID:PMC2758989)

Ortolano, F. et al. (2009) Imaging T-cell movement in the brain during experimental cerebral malaria. Parasite Immunology, 31(3), 147-150 (4). (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01090.x)

Jongbloed, S.L., Benson, R. , Nickdel, M.B., Garside, P. , McInnes, I. and Brewer, J.M. (2009) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate breach of self-tolerance in autoimmune arthritis. Journal of Immunology, 182(2), pp. 963-968. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.963) (PMID:19124739)

Dever, G., Rodolico, G., Berrino, L., McInnes, I. , Brewer, J. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2009) Three dimensional imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotien e-deficient mice. In: Spring Meeting of the British-Society-for-Cardiovascular-Research 2009, Oxford, Uk, 02-04 Apr 2009, (doi: 10.1136/hrt.2009.178137i)

Dever, G., Rodolico, G., Liberato, B., McInnes, I. , Brewer, J. , Garside, P. and Maffia, P. (2009) Confocal and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy provide 3-dimensional imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Annual Conference 2009, Washington DC, USA, 29 Apr - 1 May 2009, e74. (doi: 10.1161/ATV.0B013E3181AB66E7)

Hutchison, S., Choo-Kang, B.S.W., Gibson, V.B., Bundick, R.V., Leishman, A.J., Brewer, J.M., McInnes, I. and Garside, P. (2009) An investigation of the impact of the location and timing of antigen-specific T cell division on airways inflammation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 155(1), pp. 107-116. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03800.x) (PMID:19076834)

Nickdel, M.B., Conigliaro, P., Valesini, G., Hutchison, S., Benson, R. , Bundick, R.V., Leishman, A.J., McInnes, I. , Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2009) Dissecting the contribution of innate and antigen-specific pathways to the breach of self-tolerance observed in a murine model of arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(6), pp. 1059-1066. (doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.089300) (PMID:18635595)

Rush, C.M., Millington, O.R., Hutchison, S., Bryson, K., Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2009) Characterization of CD4⁺ T-cell-dendritic cell interactions during secondary antigen exposure in tolerance and priming. Immunology, 128(4), pp. 463-471. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03124.x)

2008

Culshaw, S.E. , Millington, O.R., Brewer, J.M. and McInnes, I. (2008) Murine neutrophils present class II restricted antigen. Immunology Letters, 118(1), pp. 49-54. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.02.008) (PMID:18400308) (PMCID:PMC2430030)

Thompson, J., Millington, O.R., Garside, P. and Brewer, J.M. (2008) What can transgenic parasites tell us about the development of Plasmodium-specific immune responses? Parasite Immunology, 30(4), pp. 223-233. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.01011.x) (PMID:18324925)

Garside, P. and Brewer, J. M. (2008) Real-time imaging of the cellular interactions underlying tolerance, priming, and responses to infection. Immunological Reviews, 221(1), pp. 130-146. (doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00587.x) (PMID:18275479)

Hutchison, S., Choo-Kang, B.S.W., Bundick, R.V., Leishman, A.J., Brewer, J.M., McInnes, I. and Garside, P. (2008) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha blockade suppresses murine allergic airways inflammation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 151(1), pp. 114-122. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03509.x) (PMID:17931392)

Schijns, V. E.J.C. and Brewer, J. M. (2008) New views on immunopotentiators in modern vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines, 7(7), pp. 877-879. (doi: 10.1586/14760584.7.7.877) (PMID:18767938)

2007

Wilson, R., Bate, C., Boshuizen, R., Williams, A. and Brewer, J. (2007) Squalestatin alters the intracellular trafficking of a neurotoxic prion peptide. BMC Neuroscience, 8, 99. (doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-99) (PMID:18034899) (PMCID:PMC2131757)

Millington, O.R., Zinselmeyer, B.H., Brewer, J.M. , Garside, P. and Rush, C.M. (2007) Lymphocyte tracking and interactions in secondary lymphoid organs. Inflammation Research, 56(10), pp. 391-401. (doi: 10.1007/s00011-007-7017-2) (PMID:18026695)

Brewer, J. (2007) Commentary on: Raman et al., strategies for selective priming of memory B cells, Immunol Lett 2007; 109 : 93-100. Immunology Letters, 109(2), pp. 91-92. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.02.011) (PMID:17374403)

Maffia, P. , Zinselmeyer, B.H., Ialenti, A., Kennedy, S. , Baker, A.H., McInnes, I., Brewer, J.M. and Garside, P. (2007) Multiphoton microscopy for 3-dimensional imaging of lymphocyte recruitment into apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse carotid artery. Circulation, 115(11), E326-E328. (doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.658492) (PMID:17372180)

Millington, O.R., Gibson, V.B., Rush, C.M., Zinselmeyer, B.H., Phillips, R.S., Garside, P. and Brewer, J.M. (2007) Malaria impairs T cell clustering and immune priming despite normal signal 1 from dendritic cells. PLoS Pathogens, 3(10), e143. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030143)

Trif, M., Roseanu, A., Brock, J.H. and Brewer, J.M. (2007) Designing lipid nanostructures for local delivery of biologically active macromolecules. Journal of Liposome Research, 17(3-4), pp. 237-248. (doi: 10.1080/08982100701530027)

2006

Schijns, V. and Brewer, J. (2006) "Immunopotentiators in modern vaccines" (IMV-II) held in Malaga, Spain, May 18-20, 2005. Vaccine, 24(6), pp. 5391-5392. (doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.053) (PMID:16621175)

Brewer, J. (2006) (How) do aluminium adjuvants work? Immunology Letters, 102, pp. 10-15. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.08.002)

McDonald, F., Mohrs, M. and Brewer, J. (2006) Using bicistronic IL-4 reporter mice to identify IL-4 expressing cells following immunisation with aluminium adjuvant. Vaccine, 24, pp. 5393-5399. (doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.049)

Schneider, H., Downey, J., Smith, A., Zinselmeyer, B., Rush, C., Brewer, J., Wei, B., Hogg, N., Garside, P. and Rudd, C. (2006) Reversal of the TCR stop signal by CTLA-4. Science, 313, pp. 1972-1975. (doi: 10.1126/science.1131078)

Smith, K., Garside, P., Mcneil, R. and Brewer, J. (2006) Analysis of costimulatory molecule expression on antigen-specific T and B cells during the induction of adjuvant-induced Th1 and Th2 type responses. Vaccine, 24, pp. 3035-3043. (doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.027)

2005

Walker, W., Roberts, C. W., Brewer, J. M. and Alexander, J. (2005) Antibody-responses to toxoplasma-gondii antigen in human peripheral-blood lymphocyte-reconstituted severe-combined immunodeficient mice reproduce the immunological status of the lymphocyte donor. European Journal of Immunology, 25(5), pp. 1426-1430. (doi: 10.1002/eji.1830250543) (PMID:7774646)

Millington, O. R., Di Lorenzo, C., Phillips, R. S., Garside, P. and Brewer, J. M. (2005) Suppression of adaptive immunity to heterologous antigens during Plasmodium infection through hemozoin-induced failure of dendritic cell function. Journal of Biology, 5, 5. (doi: 10.1186/jbiol34) (PMID:16611373) (PMCID:PMC1561486)

Choo-Kang, B., Hutchison, S., Nickdel, M., Bundick, R., Leishman, A., Brewer, J., McInnes, I. and Garside, P. (2005) TNF-blocking therapies: an alternative mode of action? Trends in Immunology, 26, pp. 518-522. (doi: 10.1016/j.it.2005.07.007) (PMID:16087401)

Grierson, A., Mitchell, P., Adams, C., Mowat, A., Brewer, J., Harnett, M. and Garside, P. (2005) Direct quantitation of T cell signaling by laser scanning cytometry. Journal of Immunological Methods, 301, pp. 140-153. (doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.04.011)

Zinselmeyer, B. H. et al. (2005) In situ characterization of CD4+ T cell behavior in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues during the induction of oral priming and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201(11), pp. 1815-1823. (doi: 10.1084/jem.20050203)

Zinselmeyer, B. et al. (2005) In situ characterization of CD4(+) T cell behavior in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues during the induction of oral priming and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201, pp. 1815-1823. (doi: 10.1084/jem.20050203)

2004

Brewer, J. M. , Pollock, K. G.J., Tetley, L. and Russell, D. G. (2004) Vesicle size influences the trafficking, processing, and presentation of antigens in lipid vesicles. Journal of Immunology, 173(10), pp. 6143-6150. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6143) (PMID:15528351)

Smith, K. M., Brewer, J. M. , Rush, C. M., Riley, J. and Garside, P. (2004) In vivo generated Th1 cells can migrate to B cell follicles to support B cell responses. Journal of Immunology, 173(3), pp. 1640-1646. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1640) (PMID:15265892)

Maffia, P. , Brewer, J. M. , Gracie, J. A., Ianaro, A., Leung, B. P., Mitchell, P. J., Smith, K. M., McInnes, I. B. and Garside, P. (2004) Inducing experimental arthritis and breaking self-tolerance to joint-specific antigens with trackable, ovalbumin-specific T cells. Journal of Immunology, 173(1), pp. 151-156. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.151) (PMID:15210769)

Smith, K., Brewer, J., Mowat, A., Ron, Y. and Garside, P. (2004) The influence of follicular migration on T-cell differentiation. Immunology, 111, pp. 248-251. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01813.x)

Wei, X., Niedbala, W., Xu, D., Luo, Z., Pollock, K. and Brewer, J. (2004) Host genetic background determines whether IL-18 deficiency results in increased susceptibility or resistance to murine Leishmania major infection. Immunology Letters, 94, pp. 35-37. (doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.04.001)

2003

Smith, K. M., Brewer, J. M. , Webb, P., Coyle, A. J., Gutierrez-Ramos, C. and Garside, P. (2003) Inducible costimulatory molecule-B7-related protein 1 interactions are important for the clonal expansion and B cell helper functions of naive, Th1, and Th2 T cells. Journal of Immunology, 170(5), pp. 2310-2315. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.5.2310) (PMID:12594252)

Pollock, K. G.J., McNeil, K. S., Mottram, J. C. , Lyons, R. E., Brewer, J. M. , Scott, P., Coombs, G. H. and Alexander, J. (2003) The Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease, CPB2.8, induces potent Th2 responses. Journal of Immunology, 170(4), pp. 1746-1753. (doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.4.1746) (PMID:12574338)

Pollock, K. G.J., Conacher, M., Wei, X.-Q., Alexander, J. and Brewer, J. M. (2003) Interleukin-18 plays a role in both the alum-induced T helper 2 response and the T helper 1 response induced by alum-adsorbed interleukin-12. Immunology, 108(2), pp. 137-143. (doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01581.x) (PMID:12562321) (PMCID:PMC1782874)

Sun, H., Pollock, K. G.J. and Brewer, J. m. (2003) Analysis of the role of vaccine adjuvants in modulating dendritic cell activation and antigen presentation in vitro. Vaccine, 21, pp. 849-855. (doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00531-5)

2002

Leung, B., Conacher, M., Hunter, D., McInnes, I. , Liew, F. and Brewer, J. (2002) A novel dendritic cell-induced model of erosive inflammatory arthritis: Distinct roles for dendritic cells in T cell activation and induction of local inflammation. Journal of Immunology, 169, pp. 7071-7077. (doi: 0.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7071) (PMID:12471143)

2001

Trif, M., Guillen, C., Vaughan, D. M. , Telfer, J. M., Brewer, J. M. , Roseanu, A. and Brock, J. H. (2001) Liposomes as possible carriers for lactoferrin in the local treatment of inflammatory diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 226(6), pp. 559-564. (doi: 10.1177/153537020122600608) (PMID:11395926)

Conacher, M., Alexander, J. and Brewer, J. M. (2001) Oral immunisation with peptide and protein antigens by formulation in lipid vesicles incorporating bile salts (bilosomes). Vaccine, 19(20-22), pp. 2965-2974. (doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00537-5) (PMID:11282208)

Trif, M., Guillen, C., Vaughan, D.M., Telfer, J.M., Brewer, J.M. , Roseanu, A. and Brock, J.M. (2001) Liposomes as possible carriers for lactoferrin in the local treatment of inflammatory diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 226(6), pp. 559-564.

2000

Mohamedi, S.A., Brewer, J.M. , Alexander, J., Heath, A.W. and Jennings, R. (2000) Antibody responses, cytokine levels and protection of mice immunised with HSV-2 antigens formulated into NISV or ISCOM delivery systems. Vaccine, 18(20), pp. 2083-2094. (doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00567-8) (PMID:10715522)

1999

Brewer, J. , Conacher, M., Hunter, C. A., Mohrs, M., Brombacher, F. and Alexander, J. (1999) Aluminium hydroxide adjuvant initiates strong antigen-specific Th2 responses in the absence of IL-4-or IL-13-mediated signaling. Journal of Immunology, 163(12), pp. 6448-6454. (PMID:10586035)

Brewer, J. M. , Conacher, M., Hunter, C. A., Mohrs, M., Brombacher, F. and Alexander, J. (1999) Aluminium hydroxide adjuvant initiates strong antigen-specific Th2 responses in the absence of IL-4- or IL-13-mediated signaling. Journal of Immunology, 163(12), pp. 6448-6454. (PMID:10586035)

Piedrafita, D. et al. (1999) Regulation of macrophage IL-12 synthesis by Leishmania phosphoglycans. European Journal of Immunology, 29(1), pp. 235-244. (doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199901)29:01<235::AID-IMMU235>3.0.CO;2-S) (PMID:9933105)

1998

Brewer, J. M. , Tetley, L., Richmond, J., Liew, F. Y. and Alexander, J. (1998) Lipid vesicle size determines the Th1 or Th2 response to entrapped antigen. Journal of Immunology, 161(8), pp. 4000-4007. (PMID:9780169)

Brewer, J.M. , Conacher, M., Gaffney, M., Douglas, M., Bluethmann, H. and Alexander, J. (1998) Neither interleukin-6 nor signalling via tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 contribute to the adjuvant activity of Alum and Freund's adjuvant. Immunology, 93(1), pp. 41-48. (doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00399.x) (PMID:9536117) (PMCID:PMC1364104)

1997

Brewer, J.M. and Alexander, J. (1997) Cytokines and the mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants. Cytokines Cellular and Molecular Therapy, 3(4), pp. 233-246. (PMID:9740352)

1996

Hassan, Y., Brewer, J.M. , Alexander, J. and Jennings, R. (1996) Immune responses in mice induced by HSV-1 glycoproteins presented with ISCOMs or NISV delivery systems. Vaccine, 14(17-18), pp. 1581-1589. (doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00155-7) (PMID:9032885)

Brewer, J. M. , Conacher, M., Satoskar, A., Bluethmann, H. and Alexander, J. (1996) In interleukin-4-deficient mice, alum not only generates T helper 1 responses equivalent to Freund's complete adjuvant, but continues to induce T helper 2 cytokine production. European Journal of Immunology, 26(9), pp. 2062-2066. (doi: 10.1002/eji.1830260915) (PMID:8814247)

Walker, W., Brewer, J. M. and Alexander, J. (1996) Lipid vesicle-entrapped influenza A antigen modulates the influenza A-specific human antibody response in immune reconstituted SCID-human mice. European Journal of Immunology, 26(7), pp. 1664-1667. (doi: 10.1002/eji.1830260740) (PMID:8766578)

1995

Alexander, J. and Brewer, J.M. (1995) Adjuvants and their modes of action. Livestock Production Science, 42(2-3), pp. 153-162. (doi: 10.1016/0301-6226(95)00016-E)

Brewer, J.M. , Roberts, C.W., Stimson, W.H. and Alexander, J. (1995) Accurate determination of adjuvant-associated protein or peptide by ninhydrin assay. Vaccine, 13(15), pp. 1441-1444. (doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00065-9) (PMID:8578823)

1994

Brewer, J.M. , Richmond, J. and Alexander, J. (1994) The demonstration of an essential role for macrophages in the in vivo generation of IgG2a antibodies. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 97(1), pp. 164-171. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06596.x) (PMID:8033413) (PMCID:PMC1534783)

Brewer, J.M. and Alexander, J. (1994) Studies on the adjuvant activity of non-ionic surfactant vesicles: adjuvant-driven IgG2a production independent of MHC control. Vaccine, 12(7), pp. 613-619. (doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90265-8) (PMID:8085378)

Brewer, J.M. , Roberts, C.W., O'Grady, J.E., Smart, C. and Alexander, J. (1994) Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles as Vaccine Delivery Systems. In: 2nd Conference on Industrial Immunology, Brighton, UK, 04-05 Jul 1994, pp. 34-36. ISBN 9780852953358

Roberts, C.W., Brewer, J.M. and Alexander, J. (1994) Congenital toxoplasmosis in the Balb/c mouse: prevention of vertical disease transmission and fetal death by vaccination. Vaccine, 12(15), pp. 1389-1394. (doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90147-3) (PMID:7887016)

1992

Brewer, J.M. and Alexander, J. (1992) The adjuvant activity of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) on the BALB/c humoral response to bovine serum albumin. Immunology, 75(4), pp. 570-575. (PMID:1592432) (PMCID:PMC1384832)

Brewer, J.M. and Alexander, J. (1992) The adjuvant activity of nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) on the balb/c humoral response to bovine serum-albumin. Immunology, 75(4), pp. 570-575. (PMID:1592432) (PMCID:PMC1384832)

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