Professor Jeff Kettle
- Professor of Electronic Engineering (Electronic & Nanoscale Engineering)
Biography
I’ve been based in the James Watt School of Engineering since 2020. I studied at Cardiff and Swansea Universities, where I worked on III-V LEDs, and then worked in a variety of industrial and academic settings, before being made a lecturer at Bangor University in 2012. During my time as a lecturer, I acquired grant funding from the EPSRC, Royal Society, Royal Academy of Engineering, Interreg, Welsh Government, InnovateUK and European Commission, worth around £3m. I also have experience undertaking commercial work with a range of semiconductor, electronic and engineering companies, particular in areas related to failure analysis and sustainbility and reliability improvement. I have acted as an external consultant and on the Advisory board for a number of start-ups and established companies.
Research interests
Currently, our research groups focuses on improving the sustainability of Electronics and ICT equipment and the development of its Circular Economy. We undertake detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of electronic and photonic systems. We reduce the environmental impact of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices and systems through improving the design; Design for Reliability, Design for Recyclability, or through the development of biodegradable or reusable electronic substrates, conductors and ICs. We also work on new and greener methods to recover Critical Rare Metals (CRMs) from electronics.
We also develop sensors and wireless sensors systems that enhance sustainability; for example, agri-tech sensors, monitoring of building usage, wearable sensors, and sensors that optimise manufacturing process performance. I am also keen to work in an interdisciplinary fashion and have experience working with environmental scientists, biologists, medical professionals as well as organic and inorganic chemists to produce functional devices with new materials.
In addition, my group actively works in solar energy and energy harvesting, especially with organic and perovskite solar cells.
I run the ENE groups semiconductor packaging laboratory, which includes wire bonders, die bonder and sintering systems
Publications
2024
Dias, J. D., Vieira, D. H., Serghiou, T., Rivas, C. J., Constantino, C. J.L., Jimenez, L. B., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2024) Influence of perylene derivatives chemical structure on the performance of Honey-Gate Organic Field-Effect Transistors (HGOFETs) and their application in UV light detection. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, (Accepted for Publication)
Wagih, M. , Bainbridge, A., Alsulami, B. and Kettle, J. (2024) Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of wireless RF systems: a comparative sustainability analysis and a microwave engineers’ guide to LCA. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, (doi: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3455575) (Early Online Publication)
Blakesley, J. C. et al. (2024) Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion. Journal of Physics: Energy, 6(4), 041501. (doi: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad7404)
Morais, R. M., Vieira, D. H., Ozório, M. d. S., Nogueira, G. L., Rollo, A., Kettle, J. and Alves, N. (2024) Green, biodegradable, and flexible resistive heaters-based upon a novel laser-induced graphene manufacturing process. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 8(10), 2400166. (doi: 10.1002/adsu.202400166)
Mohammadian, N. , Kumar, D., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Nogueira, G. L., Zhang, S., Alves, N., Ballantine, D. and Kettle, J. (2024) Bias and temperature stress effects in IGZO TFTs and the application of step-stress testing to increase reliability test throughput. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, (doi: 10.1109/TED.2024.3462693) (Early Online Publication)
Alsulami, B. N. N., Zante, G., Abbott, A. P., Feeney, A. and Kettle, J. (2024) LCA-Informed Approach for Lower Environmental Impact Recycling of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells. In: 31st International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD), Kyoto, Japan, 02-05 Jul 2024, pp. 11-13. ISBN 9784991216978 (doi: 10.23919/AM-FPD61635.2024.10615664)
Bainbridge, A., Grant, K., Clark, L. and Kettle, J. (2024) Evaluation of the environmental impact within semiconductor packaging materials. In: 24th European Microelectronics & Packaging Conference (IMAPS Europe) 2023, Hinxton, UK, 11-14 Sep 2023, pp. 185-188. (doi: 10.23919/EMPC55870.2023.10418417)
Alsulami, B. N. N., David, T. W., Essien, A., Kazim, S., Ahmad, S., Jacobsson, T. J., Feeney, A. and Kettle, J. (2024) Application of large datasets to assess trends in the stability of perovskite photovoltaics through machine learning. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 12(5), pp. 3122-3132. (doi: 10.1039/D3TA05966A)
2023
Lindig, S. et al. (2023) Performance and Degradation in Silicon PV Systems under Outdoor Conditions in Relation to Reliability Aspects of Silicon PV Modules – Summary of Results of COST Action PEARL PV. In: 50th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 11-16 Jun 2023, ISBN 9781665460590 (doi: 10.1109/PVSC48320.2023.10359742)
Orchard, J. R., Ivanov, P., McKenzie, A. F. , Hill, C. H., Javed, I., Munro, C. W., Kettle, J., Hogg, R. A. , Childs, D. T.E. and Taylor, R. J.E. (2023) Small signal modulation of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 19019. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45414-7) (PMID:37923793) (PMCID:PMC10624890)
Williams, C., Michaels, H., Crossland, A. F., Zhang, Z., Shirshova, N., MacKenzie, R. C.I., Sun, H., Kettle, J., Freitag, M. and Groves, C. (2023) Decarbonising electrical grids using photovoltaics with enhanced capacity factors. Energy and Environmental Science, 16(10), pp. 4650-4659. (doi: 10.1039/D3EE00633F)
Zante, G., Daskalopoulou, E., Elgar, C. E., Marin Rivera, R., Hartley, J., Simpson, K., Tuley, R., Kettle, J. and Abbott, A. P. (2023) Targeted recovery of metals from thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using chloride brines and ultrasound. RSC Sustainability, 1(4), pp. 1025-1034. (doi: 10.1039/D3SU00087G)
Grant, K., Zhang, S. and Kettle, J. (2023) Improving the Sustainability of Printed Circuit Boards Through Additive Printing. In: 10th IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech 2023), Portland, OR, USA, 19-22 April 2023, ISBN 9798350345483 (doi: 10.1109/sustech57309.2023.10129587)
Nogueira, G. L., Kumar, D., Zhang, S., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2023) Zero waste and biodegradable zinc oxide thin-film transistors for UV sensors and logic circuits. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 70(4), pp. 1702-1709. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2023.3249126)
Rahmani, H. et al. (2023) Next-generation IoT devices: sustainable eco-friendly manufacturing, energy harvesting, and wireless connectivity. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 3(1), pp. 237-255. (doi: 10.1109/JMW.2022.3228683)
2022
Bristow, N., Rengaraj, S., Chadwick, D. R., Kettle, J. and Jones, D. L. (2022) Development of a LoRaWAN IoT node with ion-selective electrode soil nitrate sensors for precision agriculture. Sensors, 22(23), 9100. (doi: 10.3390/s22239100) (PMID:36501798) (PMCID:PMC9739143)
Kettle, J. et al. (2022) Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies. Progress in Photovoltaics, 30(12), pp. 1365-1392. (doi: 10.1002/pip.3577)
Aghaei, M. et al. (2022) Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 159, 112160. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112160)
David, T. W. and Kettle, J. (2022) Design for a sustainability approach to organic solar cell design: the use of machine learning to quantify the trade-off between performance, stability and environmental impact. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 126(10), pp. 4774-4784. (doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10114)
Zhang, S., Bristow, N., David, T., Elliott, F., O'Mahony, J. and Kettle, J. (2022) Development of an organic photovoltaic energy harvesting system for wireless sensor networks; application to autonomous building information management systems and optimisation of OPV module sizes for future applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 236, 111550. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111550)
Dhimish, M. and Kettle, J. (2022) Impact of solar cell cracks caused during potential-induced degradation (PID) tests. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 69(2), pp. 604-612. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2021.3135365)
Chakraborty, M. , Kettle, J. and Dahiya, R. (2022) Electronic waste reduction through devices and printed circuit boards designed for circularity. IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics, 1(1), pp. 4-23. (doi: 10.1109/JFLEX.2022.3159258)
Jesper Jacobsson, T. et al. (2022) An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles. Nature Energy, 7(1), pp. 107-115. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00941-3)
2021
David, T. W., Amorim Soares, G., Bristow, N., Bagnis, D. and Kettle, J. (2021) Predicting diurnal outdoor performance and degradation of organic photovoltaics via machine learning; relating degradation to outdoor stress conditions. Progress in Photovoltaics, 29(12), pp. 1274-1284. (doi: 10.1002/pip.3453)
David, T. W., Bristow, N., Stoichkov, V., Huang, H., Todeschini, G. and Kettle, J. (2021) The effect of OPV module size on stability and diurnal performance: outdoor tests and application of a computer model. Energies, 14(19), 6324. (doi: 10.3390/en14196324)
Haponow, L., Kettle, J. and Allsop, J. (2021) Optimization of a continuous hot embossing process for fabrication of micropyramid structures in thermoplastic sheets. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 39(1), 012203. (doi: 10.1116/6.0000551)
David, T., Amorim, G., Bagnis, D., Bristow, N., Selbach, S. and Kettle, J. (2021) Forecasting OPV outdoor performance, degradation rates and diurnal performances via machine learning. In: 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Calgary, AB, Canada, 15 June - 21 August 2020, 0412-0418. ISBN 978-1-7281-6115-0 (doi: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300859)
Kettle, J. and Kumar, D. (2021) Biodegradable Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors. In: 23rd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference and Exhibition (EMPC 2021), Gothenburg, Sweden, 13-16 Sep 2021, ISBN 9780956808677
2020
De Rossi, F. et al. (2020) An interlaboratory study on the stability of all‐printable hole transport material–free perovskite solar cells. Energy Technology, 8(12), 2000134. (doi: 10.1002/ente.202000134)
David, T. W., Anizelli, H., Jacobsson, T. J., Gray, C., Teahan, W. and Kettle, J. (2020) Enhancing the stability of organic photovoltaics through machine learning. Nano Energy, 78, 105342. (doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105342)
Huang, H., Coote, T., Bristow, N., David, T. W., Kettle, J. and Todeschini, G. (2020) Development of an Improved Computer Model for Organic Photovoltaic Cells. In: 9th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA 2020), Glasgow, UK, 27-30 Sep 2020, pp. 78-82. ISBN 9781728173696 (doi: 10.1109/ICRERA49962.2020.9242779)
Aghaei, M., Kettle, J. and Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2020) Reliability and Durability Research Activities of PV Modules, Components and Systems in Cost Action Pearl PV. 30th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC-30) & Global Photovoltaic Conference 2020 (GPVC 2020), Jeju, Republic of Korea, 8-13 Nov 2020.
Vieira, D. H., Badiei, N., Evans, J. E., Alves, N., Kettle, J. and Li, L. (2020) Improvement of the deep UV sensor performance of a β-Ga2O3 photodiode by coupling of two planar diodes. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 67(11), pp. 4947-4952. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2020.3022341)
Bristow, N., Elliott, F., O'Mahony, J., Kartopu, G., Oklobia, O., Irvine, S. and Kettle, J. (2020) Development of a Wireless Sensor Node for Building Information Management Systems. In: 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2-16 June 2020, ISBN 9781728155043 (doi: 10.1109/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221255)
Menéndez, M.F., Martinez, A., Sánchez, P., Gomez, D., Andrés, L.J., Haponow, L., Bristow, N., Kettle, J., Korochkina, T. and Gethin, D.T. (2020) Development of intermediate layer systems for direct deposition of thin film solar cells onto low cost steel substrates. Solar Energy, 208, pp. 738-746. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.046)
Kumar, D., Gomes, T. C., Alves, N., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Smith, G. C. and Kettle, J. (2020) UV phototransistors-based upon spray coated and sputter deposited ZnO TFTs. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(14), pp. 7532-7539. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2983418)
Anizelli, H., David, T. W., Tyagi, P., Laureto, E. and Kettle, J. (2020) Enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells through functionalisation of metal oxide transport layers with self-assembled monolayers. Solar Energy, 203, pp. 157-163. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.035)
Khenkin, M. V. et al. (2020) Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures. Nature Energy, 5, pp. 35-49. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0529-5)
Soares, G.A. et al. (2020) Outdoor performance of organic photovoltaics at two different locations: a comparison of degradation and the effect of condensation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 12(6), 063502. (doi: 10.1063/5.0025622)
Vieira, D. H., Badiei, N., Evans, J. E., Alves, N., Kettle, J. and Li, L. (2020) Electrical Characterisation of β-Ga2O3 Schottky Diode for Deep UV Sensor Applications. In: IEEE Sensors 2020, 25-28 Oct 2020, ISBN 9781728168012 (doi: 10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278829)
2019
Tyagi, P., David, T. W., Stoichkov, V. D. and Kettle, J. (2019) Multivariate approach for studying the degradation of perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy, 193, pp. 12-19. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.054)
David, T. W., Anizelli, H., Tyagi, P., Gray, C., Teahan, W. and Kettle, J. (2019) Using large datasets of organic photovoltaic performance data to elucidate trends in reliability between 2009 and 2019. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 9(6), pp. 1768-1773. (doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2939070)
Kumar, D. and Kettle, J. (2019) High performing metal–oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors. In: Dhiman, R. and Chandel, R. (eds.) VLSI and Post-CMOS Electronics. Volume 1: Design, Modelling and Simulation. IET. ISBN 9781839530524 (doi: 10.1049/PBCS073F)
Gomes, T. C., Kumar, D., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2019) Optimization of the anodization processing for aluminum oxide gate dielectrics in ZnO thin film transistors by multivariate analysis. ACS Combinatorial Science, 21(5), pp. 370-379. (doi: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00195) (PMID:30892872)
Stoichkov, V., Sweet, T.K.N., Jenkins, N. and Kettle, J. (2019) Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 191, pp. 356-364. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.040)
Fernandez, B., Lobo, L., Tyagi, P., Stoichkov, V., Kettle, J. and Pereiro, R. (2019) Rapid evaluation of different perovskite absorber layers through the application of depth profile analysis using glow discharge – Time of flight mass spectrometry. Talanta, 192, pp. 317-324. (doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.059) (PMID:30348396)
Kettle, J. (2019) Ready cells for large-scale systems. Nature Energy, 4, pp. 536-537. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0422-2)
Kumar, D., Stoichkov, V., Brousseau, E., Smith, G. C. and Kettle, J. (2019) High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq−1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique. Nanoscale, 11(12), pp. 5760-5769. (doi: 10.1039/C8NR07974A) (PMID:30775736)
2018
Hughes, L., Bristow, N., Korochkina, T., Sanchez, P., Gomez, D., Kettle, J. and Gethin, D. (2018) Assessing the potential of steel as a substrate for building integrated photovoltaic applications. Applied Energy, 229, pp. 209-223. (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.119)
Fernandes, R. V., Urbano, A., Duarte, J. L., Bristow, N., Kettle, J. and Laureto, E. (2018) Tuning the optical properties of luminescent down shifting layers based on organic dyes to increase the efficiency and lifetime of P3HT: PCBM photovoltaic devices. Journal of Luminescence, 203, pp. 165-171. (doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.06.053)
Stoichkov, V., Bristow, N., Troughton, J., De Rossi, F., Watson, T.M. and Kettle, J. (2018) Outdoor performance monitoring of perovskite solar cell mini-modules: diurnal performance, observance of reversible degradation and variation with climatic performance. Solar Energy, 170, pp. 549-556. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.086)
Stoichkov, V., Kumar, D., Tyagi, P. and Kettle, J. (2018) Multistress testing of OPV modules for accurate predictive aging and reliability predictions. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 8(4), pp. 1058-1065. (doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2838438)
Tyagi, P., Hua, S.-C., Amorim, D. R., Faria, R.M., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2018) All-conjugated block copolymers for efficient and stable organic solar cells with low temperature processing. Organic Electronics, 55, pp. 146-156. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.01.032)
Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2018) Outdoor organic photovoltaic module characteristics: benchmarking against other PV technologies for performance, calculation of Ross coefficient and outdoor stability monitoring. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 175, pp. 52-59. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.10.008)
Melvin, A. A., Stoichkov, V. D., Kettle, J., Mogilyansky, D., Katz, E. A. and Visoly-Fisher, I. (2018) Lead iodide as a buffer layer in UV-induced degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 films. Solar Energy, 159, pp. 794-799. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.054)
Kumar, D., Gomes, T., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2018) Understanding UV Sensor Performance in ZnO TFTs through the Application of Multivariate Analysis. In: IEEE Sensors 2018 Conference, New Delhi, India, 28-31 Oct 2018, ISBN 9781538647073 (doi: 10.1109/ICSENS.2018.8630303)
2017
Anizelli, H. S., Stoichkov, V., Fernandes, R. V., Duarte, J. L., Laureto, E., Kettle, J., Visoly-Fisher, I. and Katz, E. A. (2017) Application of luminescence downshifting materials for enhanced stability of CH3NH3PbI3(1-x)Cl3x perovskite photovoltaic devices. Organic Electronics, 49, pp. 129-134. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.06.056)
Kettle, J., Stoichkov, V., Kumar, D., Corazza, M., Gevorgyan, S.A. and Krebs, F.C. (2017) Using ISOS consensus test protocols for development of quantitative life test models in ageing of organic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 167, pp. 53-59. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.04.005)
Fernandes, R. V., Bristow, N., Stoichkov, V., Anizelli, H. S., Duarte, J. L., Laureto, E. and Kettle, J. (2017) Development of multidye UV filters for OPVs using luminescent materials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50, 025103. (doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025103)
Kumar, D., Stoichkov, V., Ghosh, S., Smith, G.C. and Kettle, J. (2017) Mixed-dimension silver nanowires for solution-processed, flexible, transparent and conducting electrodes with improved optical and physical properties. Flexible and Printed Electronics, 2, 015005. (doi: 10.1088/2058-8585/aa6011)
2016
Ding, Z., Stoichkov, V., Horie, M., Brousseau, E. and Kettle, J. (2016) Spray coated silver nanowires as transparent electrodes in OPVs for Building Integrated Photovoltaics applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 157, pp. 305-311. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.05.053)
Kettle, J., Ding, Z., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2016) XPS analysis of the chemical degradation of PTB7 polymers for organic photovoltaics. Organic Electronics, 39, pp. 222-228. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.016)
Kettle, J., Bristow, N., Gethin, D.T., Tehrani, Z., Moudam, O., Li, B., Katz, E.A., dos Reis Benatto, G.A. and Krebs, F.C. (2016) Printable luminescent down shifter for enhancing efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaics. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 144, pp. 481-487. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.037)
Ding, Z., Kettle, J., Horie, M., Chang, S. W., Smith, G. C., Shames, A. I. and Katz, E. A. (2016) Efficient solar cells are more stable: the impact of polymer molecular weight on performance of organic photovoltaics. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4(19), pp. 7274-7280. (doi: 10.1039/C6TA00721J)
Kettle, J., Waters, H., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2016) Alternative selection of processing additives to enhance the lifetime of OPVs. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 49(8), 085601. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/8/085601)
2015
Tehrani, Z., Korochkina, T., Govindarajan, S., Thomas, D.J., O’Mahony, J., Kettle, J., Claypole, T.C. and Gethin, D.T. (2015) Ultra-thin flexible screen printed rechargeable polymer battery for wearable electronic applications. Organic Electronics, 26, pp. 386-394. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.007)
Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W. and Horie, M. (2015) Fabrication and characterisation of hybrid photodiodes based on PCPDTBT–ZnO active layers. Microelectronic Engineering, 146, pp. 105-108. (doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2015.05.006)
Kettle, J., Waters, H., Ding, Z., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2015) Chemical changes in PCPDTBT:PCBM solar cells using XPS and TOF-SIMS and use of inverted device structure for improving lifetime performance. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 141, pp. 139-147. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.05.016)
Kettle, J., Bristow, N., Sweet, T. K.N., Jenkins, N., dos Reis Benatto, G. A., Jørgensen, M. and Krebs, F. C. (2015) Three dimensional corrugated organic photovoltaics for building integration; improving the efficiency, oblique angle and diffuse performance of solar cells. Energy and Environmental Science, 8(11), pp. 3266-3273. (doi: 10.1039/C5EE02162F)
José Andrés, L., Fe Menéndez, M., Gómez, D., Luisa Martínez, A., Bristow, N., Kettle, J. P., Menéndez, A. and Ruiz, B. (2015) Rapid synthesis of ultra-long silver nanowires for tailor-made transparent conductive electrodes: proof of concept in organic solar cells. Nanotechnology, 26(26), 265201. (doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/26/265201)
Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W. and Horie, M. (2015) IR sensor based on low bandgap organic photodiode with up-converting phosphor. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(6), pp. 3221-3224. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2394744)
Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2015) Outdoor performance of organic photovoltaics: diurnal analysis, dependence on temperature, irradiance, and degradation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 7(1), 013111. (doi: 10.1063/1.4906915)
Chang, S.-W., Kettle, J., Waters, H. and Horie, M. (2015) Cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole copolymers with permutations of repeating unit length and ratios; synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties and photovoltaic characteristics. RSC Advances, 5(130), pp. 107276-107284. (doi: 10.1039/C5RA22946D)
Moudam, O., Bristow, N., Chang, S.-W., Horie, M. and Kettle, J. (2015) Application of UV-absorbing silver(i) luminescent down shifter for PTB7 organic solar cells for enhanced efficiency and stability. RSC Advances, 5(16), pp. 12397-12402. (doi: 10.1039/C4RA14794D)
2014
Madsen, M. V. et al. (2014) Worldwide outdoor round robin study of organic photovoltaic devices and modules. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 130, pp. 281-290. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.021)
Waters, H., Bristow, N., Moudam, O., Chang, S.-W., Su, C.-J., Wu, W.-R., Jeng, U.-S., Horie, M. and Kettle, J. (2014) Effect of processing additive 1,8-octanedithiol on the lifetime of PCPDTBT based Organic Photovoltaics. Organic Electronics, 15(10), pp. 2433-2438. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.06.031)
Li, C.-H., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2014) Cyclopentadithiophene–naphthalenediimide polymers; synthesis, characterisation, and n-type semiconducting properties in field-effect transistors and photovoltaic devices. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 144(3), pp. 519-528. (doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.01.029)
Doggart, P., Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2014) Optimisation of the material properties of indium tin oxide layers for use in organic photovoltaics. Journal of Applied Physics, 116(10), 103103. (doi: 10.1063/1.4895552)
2013
Waters, H., Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W., Su, C.-J., Wu, W.-R., Jeng, U.-S., Tsai, Y.-C. and Horie, M. (2013) Organic photovoltaics based on a crosslinkable PCPDTBT analogue; synthesis, morphological studies, solar cell performance and enhanced lifetime. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(25), pp. 7370-7378. (doi: 10.1039/C3TA11002H)
2012
Chang, S.-W., Waters, H., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2012) Cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole oligomers: synthesis via direct arylation, X-ray crystallography, optical properties, solution casted field-effect transistor and photovoltaic characteristics. Organic Electronics, 13(12), pp. 2967-2974. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.023)
Horie, M., Kettle, J., Yu, C.-Y., Majewski, L. A., Chang, S.-W., Kirkpatrick, J., Tuladhar, S. M., Nelson, J., Saunders, B. R. and Turner, M. L. (2012) Cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole oligomers and polymers; synthesis, characterisation, field-effect transistor and photovoltaic characteristics. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(2), pp. 381-389. (doi: 10.1039/C1JM12449H)
2011
Kettle, J., Horie, M., Majewski, L.A., Saunders, B.R., Tuladhar, S., Nelson, J. and Turner, M.L. (2011) Optimisation of PCPDTBT solar cells using polymer synthesis with Suzuki coupling. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(8), pp. 2186-2193. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.03.022)
2010
Sun, Y., Lu, X., Lin, S., Kettle, J., Yeates, S. G. and Song, A. (2010) Polythiophene-based field-effect transistors with enhanced air stability. Organic Electronics, 11(2), pp. 351-355. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.10.019)
Kettle, J., Whitelegg, S., Song, A. M., Wedge, D. C., Kotacka, L., Kolarik, V., Madec, M. B., Yeates, S. G. and Turner, M. L. (2010) Fabrication of planar organic nanotransistors using low temperature thermal nanoimprint lithography for chemical sensor applications. Nanotechnology, 21(7), 075301. (doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/7/075301)
2009
Wedge, D. C., Das, A., Dost, R., Kettle, J., Madec, M.-B., Morrison, J. J., Grell, M., Kell, D. B., Richardson, T. H. and Yeates, S. (2009) Real-time vapour sensing using an OFET-based electronic nose and genetic programming. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 143(1), pp. 365-372. (doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.030)
Kettle, J., Perks, R.M. and Hoyle, R.T. (2009) Fabrication of highly transparent self-switching diodes using single layer indium tin oxide. Electronics Letters, 45(1), pp. 79-81. (doi: 10.1049/el:20092309)
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T. and Dimov, S. (2009) Fabrication of Step-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) templates using XeF2 enhanced focused ion-beam etching. Applied Physics A, 96(4), pp. 819-825. (doi: 10.1007/s00339-009-5319-7)
Kettle, J., Whitelegg, S., Song, A. M., Madec, M. B., Yeates, S., Turner, M. L., Kotacka, L. and Kolarik, V. (2009) Fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene) self-switching diodes using thermal nanoimprint lithography and argon milling. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 27(6), pp. 2801-2804. (doi: 10.1116/1.3253606)
2008
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T., Dimov, S. and Perks, R.M. (2008) Fabrication of complex 3D structures using Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL). Microelectronic Engineering, 85(5-6), pp. 853-855. (doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2007.12.003)
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T., Perks, R.M. and Dimov, S. (2008) Overcoming material challenges for replication of “motheye lenses” using step and flash imprint lithography for optoelectronic applications. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 26(5), pp. 1794-1799. (doi: 10.1116/1.2981081)
Articles
Dias, J. D., Vieira, D. H., Serghiou, T., Rivas, C. J., Constantino, C. J.L., Jimenez, L. B., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2024) Influence of perylene derivatives chemical structure on the performance of Honey-Gate Organic Field-Effect Transistors (HGOFETs) and their application in UV light detection. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, (Accepted for Publication)
Wagih, M. , Bainbridge, A., Alsulami, B. and Kettle, J. (2024) Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of wireless RF systems: a comparative sustainability analysis and a microwave engineers’ guide to LCA. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, (doi: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3455575) (Early Online Publication)
Blakesley, J. C. et al. (2024) Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion. Journal of Physics: Energy, 6(4), 041501. (doi: 10.1088/2515-7655/ad7404)
Morais, R. M., Vieira, D. H., Ozório, M. d. S., Nogueira, G. L., Rollo, A., Kettle, J. and Alves, N. (2024) Green, biodegradable, and flexible resistive heaters-based upon a novel laser-induced graphene manufacturing process. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 8(10), 2400166. (doi: 10.1002/adsu.202400166)
Mohammadian, N. , Kumar, D., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Nogueira, G. L., Zhang, S., Alves, N., Ballantine, D. and Kettle, J. (2024) Bias and temperature stress effects in IGZO TFTs and the application of step-stress testing to increase reliability test throughput. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, (doi: 10.1109/TED.2024.3462693) (Early Online Publication)
Alsulami, B. N. N., David, T. W., Essien, A., Kazim, S., Ahmad, S., Jacobsson, T. J., Feeney, A. and Kettle, J. (2024) Application of large datasets to assess trends in the stability of perovskite photovoltaics through machine learning. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 12(5), pp. 3122-3132. (doi: 10.1039/D3TA05966A)
Orchard, J. R., Ivanov, P., McKenzie, A. F. , Hill, C. H., Javed, I., Munro, C. W., Kettle, J., Hogg, R. A. , Childs, D. T.E. and Taylor, R. J.E. (2023) Small signal modulation of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 19019. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45414-7) (PMID:37923793) (PMCID:PMC10624890)
Williams, C., Michaels, H., Crossland, A. F., Zhang, Z., Shirshova, N., MacKenzie, R. C.I., Sun, H., Kettle, J., Freitag, M. and Groves, C. (2023) Decarbonising electrical grids using photovoltaics with enhanced capacity factors. Energy and Environmental Science, 16(10), pp. 4650-4659. (doi: 10.1039/D3EE00633F)
Zante, G., Daskalopoulou, E., Elgar, C. E., Marin Rivera, R., Hartley, J., Simpson, K., Tuley, R., Kettle, J. and Abbott, A. P. (2023) Targeted recovery of metals from thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using chloride brines and ultrasound. RSC Sustainability, 1(4), pp. 1025-1034. (doi: 10.1039/D3SU00087G)
Nogueira, G. L., Kumar, D., Zhang, S., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2023) Zero waste and biodegradable zinc oxide thin-film transistors for UV sensors and logic circuits. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 70(4), pp. 1702-1709. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2023.3249126)
Rahmani, H. et al. (2023) Next-generation IoT devices: sustainable eco-friendly manufacturing, energy harvesting, and wireless connectivity. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 3(1), pp. 237-255. (doi: 10.1109/JMW.2022.3228683)
Bristow, N., Rengaraj, S., Chadwick, D. R., Kettle, J. and Jones, D. L. (2022) Development of a LoRaWAN IoT node with ion-selective electrode soil nitrate sensors for precision agriculture. Sensors, 22(23), 9100. (doi: 10.3390/s22239100) (PMID:36501798) (PMCID:PMC9739143)
Kettle, J. et al. (2022) Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies. Progress in Photovoltaics, 30(12), pp. 1365-1392. (doi: 10.1002/pip.3577)
Aghaei, M. et al. (2022) Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 159, 112160. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112160)
David, T. W. and Kettle, J. (2022) Design for a sustainability approach to organic solar cell design: the use of machine learning to quantify the trade-off between performance, stability and environmental impact. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 126(10), pp. 4774-4784. (doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10114)
Zhang, S., Bristow, N., David, T., Elliott, F., O'Mahony, J. and Kettle, J. (2022) Development of an organic photovoltaic energy harvesting system for wireless sensor networks; application to autonomous building information management systems and optimisation of OPV module sizes for future applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 236, 111550. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111550)
Dhimish, M. and Kettle, J. (2022) Impact of solar cell cracks caused during potential-induced degradation (PID) tests. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 69(2), pp. 604-612. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2021.3135365)
Chakraborty, M. , Kettle, J. and Dahiya, R. (2022) Electronic waste reduction through devices and printed circuit boards designed for circularity. IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics, 1(1), pp. 4-23. (doi: 10.1109/JFLEX.2022.3159258)
Jesper Jacobsson, T. et al. (2022) An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles. Nature Energy, 7(1), pp. 107-115. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00941-3)
David, T. W., Amorim Soares, G., Bristow, N., Bagnis, D. and Kettle, J. (2021) Predicting diurnal outdoor performance and degradation of organic photovoltaics via machine learning; relating degradation to outdoor stress conditions. Progress in Photovoltaics, 29(12), pp. 1274-1284. (doi: 10.1002/pip.3453)
David, T. W., Bristow, N., Stoichkov, V., Huang, H., Todeschini, G. and Kettle, J. (2021) The effect of OPV module size on stability and diurnal performance: outdoor tests and application of a computer model. Energies, 14(19), 6324. (doi: 10.3390/en14196324)
Haponow, L., Kettle, J. and Allsop, J. (2021) Optimization of a continuous hot embossing process for fabrication of micropyramid structures in thermoplastic sheets. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 39(1), 012203. (doi: 10.1116/6.0000551)
De Rossi, F. et al. (2020) An interlaboratory study on the stability of all‐printable hole transport material–free perovskite solar cells. Energy Technology, 8(12), 2000134. (doi: 10.1002/ente.202000134)
David, T. W., Anizelli, H., Jacobsson, T. J., Gray, C., Teahan, W. and Kettle, J. (2020) Enhancing the stability of organic photovoltaics through machine learning. Nano Energy, 78, 105342. (doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105342)
Vieira, D. H., Badiei, N., Evans, J. E., Alves, N., Kettle, J. and Li, L. (2020) Improvement of the deep UV sensor performance of a β-Ga2O3 photodiode by coupling of two planar diodes. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 67(11), pp. 4947-4952. (doi: 10.1109/TED.2020.3022341)
Menéndez, M.F., Martinez, A., Sánchez, P., Gomez, D., Andrés, L.J., Haponow, L., Bristow, N., Kettle, J., Korochkina, T. and Gethin, D.T. (2020) Development of intermediate layer systems for direct deposition of thin film solar cells onto low cost steel substrates. Solar Energy, 208, pp. 738-746. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.046)
Kumar, D., Gomes, T. C., Alves, N., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Smith, G. C. and Kettle, J. (2020) UV phototransistors-based upon spray coated and sputter deposited ZnO TFTs. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(14), pp. 7532-7539. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2983418)
Anizelli, H., David, T. W., Tyagi, P., Laureto, E. and Kettle, J. (2020) Enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells through functionalisation of metal oxide transport layers with self-assembled monolayers. Solar Energy, 203, pp. 157-163. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.035)
Khenkin, M. V. et al. (2020) Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures. Nature Energy, 5, pp. 35-49. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0529-5)
Soares, G.A. et al. (2020) Outdoor performance of organic photovoltaics at two different locations: a comparison of degradation and the effect of condensation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 12(6), 063502. (doi: 10.1063/5.0025622)
Tyagi, P., David, T. W., Stoichkov, V. D. and Kettle, J. (2019) Multivariate approach for studying the degradation of perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy, 193, pp. 12-19. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.054)
David, T. W., Anizelli, H., Tyagi, P., Gray, C., Teahan, W. and Kettle, J. (2019) Using large datasets of organic photovoltaic performance data to elucidate trends in reliability between 2009 and 2019. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 9(6), pp. 1768-1773. (doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2939070)
Gomes, T. C., Kumar, D., Fugikawa-Santos, L., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2019) Optimization of the anodization processing for aluminum oxide gate dielectrics in ZnO thin film transistors by multivariate analysis. ACS Combinatorial Science, 21(5), pp. 370-379. (doi: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00195) (PMID:30892872)
Stoichkov, V., Sweet, T.K.N., Jenkins, N. and Kettle, J. (2019) Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 191, pp. 356-364. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.040)
Fernandez, B., Lobo, L., Tyagi, P., Stoichkov, V., Kettle, J. and Pereiro, R. (2019) Rapid evaluation of different perovskite absorber layers through the application of depth profile analysis using glow discharge – Time of flight mass spectrometry. Talanta, 192, pp. 317-324. (doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.059) (PMID:30348396)
Kettle, J. (2019) Ready cells for large-scale systems. Nature Energy, 4, pp. 536-537. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0422-2)
Kumar, D., Stoichkov, V., Brousseau, E., Smith, G. C. and Kettle, J. (2019) High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq−1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique. Nanoscale, 11(12), pp. 5760-5769. (doi: 10.1039/C8NR07974A) (PMID:30775736)
Hughes, L., Bristow, N., Korochkina, T., Sanchez, P., Gomez, D., Kettle, J. and Gethin, D. (2018) Assessing the potential of steel as a substrate for building integrated photovoltaic applications. Applied Energy, 229, pp. 209-223. (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.119)
Fernandes, R. V., Urbano, A., Duarte, J. L., Bristow, N., Kettle, J. and Laureto, E. (2018) Tuning the optical properties of luminescent down shifting layers based on organic dyes to increase the efficiency and lifetime of P3HT: PCBM photovoltaic devices. Journal of Luminescence, 203, pp. 165-171. (doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.06.053)
Stoichkov, V., Bristow, N., Troughton, J., De Rossi, F., Watson, T.M. and Kettle, J. (2018) Outdoor performance monitoring of perovskite solar cell mini-modules: diurnal performance, observance of reversible degradation and variation with climatic performance. Solar Energy, 170, pp. 549-556. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.086)
Stoichkov, V., Kumar, D., Tyagi, P. and Kettle, J. (2018) Multistress testing of OPV modules for accurate predictive aging and reliability predictions. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 8(4), pp. 1058-1065. (doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2838438)
Tyagi, P., Hua, S.-C., Amorim, D. R., Faria, R.M., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2018) All-conjugated block copolymers for efficient and stable organic solar cells with low temperature processing. Organic Electronics, 55, pp. 146-156. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.01.032)
Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2018) Outdoor organic photovoltaic module characteristics: benchmarking against other PV technologies for performance, calculation of Ross coefficient and outdoor stability monitoring. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 175, pp. 52-59. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.10.008)
Melvin, A. A., Stoichkov, V. D., Kettle, J., Mogilyansky, D., Katz, E. A. and Visoly-Fisher, I. (2018) Lead iodide as a buffer layer in UV-induced degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 films. Solar Energy, 159, pp. 794-799. (doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.054)
Anizelli, H. S., Stoichkov, V., Fernandes, R. V., Duarte, J. L., Laureto, E., Kettle, J., Visoly-Fisher, I. and Katz, E. A. (2017) Application of luminescence downshifting materials for enhanced stability of CH3NH3PbI3(1-x)Cl3x perovskite photovoltaic devices. Organic Electronics, 49, pp. 129-134. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.06.056)
Kettle, J., Stoichkov, V., Kumar, D., Corazza, M., Gevorgyan, S.A. and Krebs, F.C. (2017) Using ISOS consensus test protocols for development of quantitative life test models in ageing of organic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 167, pp. 53-59. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.04.005)
Fernandes, R. V., Bristow, N., Stoichkov, V., Anizelli, H. S., Duarte, J. L., Laureto, E. and Kettle, J. (2017) Development of multidye UV filters for OPVs using luminescent materials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50, 025103. (doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025103)
Kumar, D., Stoichkov, V., Ghosh, S., Smith, G.C. and Kettle, J. (2017) Mixed-dimension silver nanowires for solution-processed, flexible, transparent and conducting electrodes with improved optical and physical properties. Flexible and Printed Electronics, 2, 015005. (doi: 10.1088/2058-8585/aa6011)
Ding, Z., Stoichkov, V., Horie, M., Brousseau, E. and Kettle, J. (2016) Spray coated silver nanowires as transparent electrodes in OPVs for Building Integrated Photovoltaics applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 157, pp. 305-311. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.05.053)
Kettle, J., Ding, Z., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2016) XPS analysis of the chemical degradation of PTB7 polymers for organic photovoltaics. Organic Electronics, 39, pp. 222-228. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.016)
Kettle, J., Bristow, N., Gethin, D.T., Tehrani, Z., Moudam, O., Li, B., Katz, E.A., dos Reis Benatto, G.A. and Krebs, F.C. (2016) Printable luminescent down shifter for enhancing efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaics. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 144, pp. 481-487. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.037)
Ding, Z., Kettle, J., Horie, M., Chang, S. W., Smith, G. C., Shames, A. I. and Katz, E. A. (2016) Efficient solar cells are more stable: the impact of polymer molecular weight on performance of organic photovoltaics. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4(19), pp. 7274-7280. (doi: 10.1039/C6TA00721J)
Kettle, J., Waters, H., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2016) Alternative selection of processing additives to enhance the lifetime of OPVs. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 49(8), 085601. (doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/8/085601)
Tehrani, Z., Korochkina, T., Govindarajan, S., Thomas, D.J., O’Mahony, J., Kettle, J., Claypole, T.C. and Gethin, D.T. (2015) Ultra-thin flexible screen printed rechargeable polymer battery for wearable electronic applications. Organic Electronics, 26, pp. 386-394. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.007)
Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W. and Horie, M. (2015) Fabrication and characterisation of hybrid photodiodes based on PCPDTBT–ZnO active layers. Microelectronic Engineering, 146, pp. 105-108. (doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2015.05.006)
Kettle, J., Waters, H., Ding, Z., Horie, M. and Smith, G.C. (2015) Chemical changes in PCPDTBT:PCBM solar cells using XPS and TOF-SIMS and use of inverted device structure for improving lifetime performance. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 141, pp. 139-147. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.05.016)
Kettle, J., Bristow, N., Sweet, T. K.N., Jenkins, N., dos Reis Benatto, G. A., Jørgensen, M. and Krebs, F. C. (2015) Three dimensional corrugated organic photovoltaics for building integration; improving the efficiency, oblique angle and diffuse performance of solar cells. Energy and Environmental Science, 8(11), pp. 3266-3273. (doi: 10.1039/C5EE02162F)
José Andrés, L., Fe Menéndez, M., Gómez, D., Luisa Martínez, A., Bristow, N., Kettle, J. P., Menéndez, A. and Ruiz, B. (2015) Rapid synthesis of ultra-long silver nanowires for tailor-made transparent conductive electrodes: proof of concept in organic solar cells. Nanotechnology, 26(26), 265201. (doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/26/265201)
Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W. and Horie, M. (2015) IR sensor based on low bandgap organic photodiode with up-converting phosphor. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(6), pp. 3221-3224. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2394744)
Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2015) Outdoor performance of organic photovoltaics: diurnal analysis, dependence on temperature, irradiance, and degradation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 7(1), 013111. (doi: 10.1063/1.4906915)
Chang, S.-W., Kettle, J., Waters, H. and Horie, M. (2015) Cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole copolymers with permutations of repeating unit length and ratios; synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties and photovoltaic characteristics. RSC Advances, 5(130), pp. 107276-107284. (doi: 10.1039/C5RA22946D)
Moudam, O., Bristow, N., Chang, S.-W., Horie, M. and Kettle, J. (2015) Application of UV-absorbing silver(i) luminescent down shifter for PTB7 organic solar cells for enhanced efficiency and stability. RSC Advances, 5(16), pp. 12397-12402. (doi: 10.1039/C4RA14794D)
Madsen, M. V. et al. (2014) Worldwide outdoor round robin study of organic photovoltaic devices and modules. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 130, pp. 281-290. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.021)
Waters, H., Bristow, N., Moudam, O., Chang, S.-W., Su, C.-J., Wu, W.-R., Jeng, U.-S., Horie, M. and Kettle, J. (2014) Effect of processing additive 1,8-octanedithiol on the lifetime of PCPDTBT based Organic Photovoltaics. Organic Electronics, 15(10), pp. 2433-2438. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.06.031)
Li, C.-H., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2014) Cyclopentadithiophene–naphthalenediimide polymers; synthesis, characterisation, and n-type semiconducting properties in field-effect transistors and photovoltaic devices. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 144(3), pp. 519-528. (doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.01.029)
Doggart, P., Bristow, N. and Kettle, J. (2014) Optimisation of the material properties of indium tin oxide layers for use in organic photovoltaics. Journal of Applied Physics, 116(10), 103103. (doi: 10.1063/1.4895552)
Waters, H., Kettle, J., Chang, S.-W., Su, C.-J., Wu, W.-R., Jeng, U.-S., Tsai, Y.-C. and Horie, M. (2013) Organic photovoltaics based on a crosslinkable PCPDTBT analogue; synthesis, morphological studies, solar cell performance and enhanced lifetime. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(25), pp. 7370-7378. (doi: 10.1039/C3TA11002H)
Chang, S.-W., Waters, H., Kettle, J. and Horie, M. (2012) Cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole oligomers: synthesis via direct arylation, X-ray crystallography, optical properties, solution casted field-effect transistor and photovoltaic characteristics. Organic Electronics, 13(12), pp. 2967-2974. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.023)
Horie, M., Kettle, J., Yu, C.-Y., Majewski, L. A., Chang, S.-W., Kirkpatrick, J., Tuladhar, S. M., Nelson, J., Saunders, B. R. and Turner, M. L. (2012) Cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole oligomers and polymers; synthesis, characterisation, field-effect transistor and photovoltaic characteristics. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(2), pp. 381-389. (doi: 10.1039/C1JM12449H)
Kettle, J., Horie, M., Majewski, L.A., Saunders, B.R., Tuladhar, S., Nelson, J. and Turner, M.L. (2011) Optimisation of PCPDTBT solar cells using polymer synthesis with Suzuki coupling. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(8), pp. 2186-2193. (doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.03.022)
Sun, Y., Lu, X., Lin, S., Kettle, J., Yeates, S. G. and Song, A. (2010) Polythiophene-based field-effect transistors with enhanced air stability. Organic Electronics, 11(2), pp. 351-355. (doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.10.019)
Kettle, J., Whitelegg, S., Song, A. M., Wedge, D. C., Kotacka, L., Kolarik, V., Madec, M. B., Yeates, S. G. and Turner, M. L. (2010) Fabrication of planar organic nanotransistors using low temperature thermal nanoimprint lithography for chemical sensor applications. Nanotechnology, 21(7), 075301. (doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/7/075301)
Wedge, D. C., Das, A., Dost, R., Kettle, J., Madec, M.-B., Morrison, J. J., Grell, M., Kell, D. B., Richardson, T. H. and Yeates, S. (2009) Real-time vapour sensing using an OFET-based electronic nose and genetic programming. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 143(1), pp. 365-372. (doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.030)
Kettle, J., Perks, R.M. and Hoyle, R.T. (2009) Fabrication of highly transparent self-switching diodes using single layer indium tin oxide. Electronics Letters, 45(1), pp. 79-81. (doi: 10.1049/el:20092309)
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T. and Dimov, S. (2009) Fabrication of Step-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) templates using XeF2 enhanced focused ion-beam etching. Applied Physics A, 96(4), pp. 819-825. (doi: 10.1007/s00339-009-5319-7)
Kettle, J., Whitelegg, S., Song, A. M., Madec, M. B., Yeates, S., Turner, M. L., Kotacka, L. and Kolarik, V. (2009) Fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene) self-switching diodes using thermal nanoimprint lithography and argon milling. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 27(6), pp. 2801-2804. (doi: 10.1116/1.3253606)
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T., Dimov, S. and Perks, R.M. (2008) Fabrication of complex 3D structures using Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL). Microelectronic Engineering, 85(5-6), pp. 853-855. (doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2007.12.003)
Kettle, J., Hoyle, R.T., Perks, R.M. and Dimov, S. (2008) Overcoming material challenges for replication of “motheye lenses” using step and flash imprint lithography for optoelectronic applications. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 26(5), pp. 1794-1799. (doi: 10.1116/1.2981081)
Book Sections
Kumar, D. and Kettle, J. (2019) High performing metal–oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors. In: Dhiman, R. and Chandel, R. (eds.) VLSI and Post-CMOS Electronics. Volume 1: Design, Modelling and Simulation. IET. ISBN 9781839530524 (doi: 10.1049/PBCS073F)
Conference or Workshop Item
Aghaei, M., Kettle, J. and Reinders, A.H.M.E. (2020) Reliability and Durability Research Activities of PV Modules, Components and Systems in Cost Action Pearl PV. 30th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC-30) & Global Photovoltaic Conference 2020 (GPVC 2020), Jeju, Republic of Korea, 8-13 Nov 2020.
Conference Proceedings
Alsulami, B. N. N., Zante, G., Abbott, A. P., Feeney, A. and Kettle, J. (2024) LCA-Informed Approach for Lower Environmental Impact Recycling of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells. In: 31st International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD), Kyoto, Japan, 02-05 Jul 2024, pp. 11-13. ISBN 9784991216978 (doi: 10.23919/AM-FPD61635.2024.10615664)
Bainbridge, A., Grant, K., Clark, L. and Kettle, J. (2024) Evaluation of the environmental impact within semiconductor packaging materials. In: 24th European Microelectronics & Packaging Conference (IMAPS Europe) 2023, Hinxton, UK, 11-14 Sep 2023, pp. 185-188. (doi: 10.23919/EMPC55870.2023.10418417)
Lindig, S. et al. (2023) Performance and Degradation in Silicon PV Systems under Outdoor Conditions in Relation to Reliability Aspects of Silicon PV Modules – Summary of Results of COST Action PEARL PV. In: 50th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 11-16 Jun 2023, ISBN 9781665460590 (doi: 10.1109/PVSC48320.2023.10359742)
Grant, K., Zhang, S. and Kettle, J. (2023) Improving the Sustainability of Printed Circuit Boards Through Additive Printing. In: 10th IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech 2023), Portland, OR, USA, 19-22 April 2023, ISBN 9798350345483 (doi: 10.1109/sustech57309.2023.10129587)
David, T., Amorim, G., Bagnis, D., Bristow, N., Selbach, S. and Kettle, J. (2021) Forecasting OPV outdoor performance, degradation rates and diurnal performances via machine learning. In: 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Calgary, AB, Canada, 15 June - 21 August 2020, 0412-0418. ISBN 978-1-7281-6115-0 (doi: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300859)
Kettle, J. and Kumar, D. (2021) Biodegradable Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors. In: 23rd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference and Exhibition (EMPC 2021), Gothenburg, Sweden, 13-16 Sep 2021, ISBN 9780956808677
Huang, H., Coote, T., Bristow, N., David, T. W., Kettle, J. and Todeschini, G. (2020) Development of an Improved Computer Model for Organic Photovoltaic Cells. In: 9th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA 2020), Glasgow, UK, 27-30 Sep 2020, pp. 78-82. ISBN 9781728173696 (doi: 10.1109/ICRERA49962.2020.9242779)
Bristow, N., Elliott, F., O'Mahony, J., Kartopu, G., Oklobia, O., Irvine, S. and Kettle, J. (2020) Development of a Wireless Sensor Node for Building Information Management Systems. In: 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), New Orleans, LA, USA, 2-16 June 2020, ISBN 9781728155043 (doi: 10.1109/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221255)
Vieira, D. H., Badiei, N., Evans, J. E., Alves, N., Kettle, J. and Li, L. (2020) Electrical Characterisation of β-Ga2O3 Schottky Diode for Deep UV Sensor Applications. In: IEEE Sensors 2020, 25-28 Oct 2020, ISBN 9781728168012 (doi: 10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278829)
Kumar, D., Gomes, T., Alves, N. and Kettle, J. (2018) Understanding UV Sensor Performance in ZnO TFTs through the Application of Multivariate Analysis. In: IEEE Sensors 2018 Conference, New Delhi, India, 28-31 Oct 2018, ISBN 9781538647073 (doi: 10.1109/ICSENS.2018.8630303)
Grants
Current grants
EPSRC, EP/W018623/1, “Technology critical metal recycling using ultrasonics and catalytic etchants,” co-I, with Andrew Feeney, Paul Prentice and University of Leicester (PI), (£970k)
EPSRC, EP/W019248/1 “Green Energy-Optimised Printed ICs”, PI, with Hadi Heidari and Prof David Cumming (£1.2m)
EPSRC, EP/W035790/1 "Transient Electronics for Sustainable ICT in DigitaL Agriculture", PI
EPSRC, EP/W025752/1, "Dielect," co-I with Hadi Heidari, Mahmoud Wagih and Morteza Amjadi
InnovateUK (KTP) with Vector Photonics ltd (£220k)
InnovateUK (KTP) with Epredia (£220k)
InnovateUK (KTP) with Quantum Science (£220k)
EPSRC Impact Acceleration Award (£25k) “Sustainable Electronics"
Horizon Europe "APOLLO", PI with Andrew Feeney, Paul Prentice and David Flynn, (£510k)
Previous Grants
KESS II Phd with UPS2 Ltd (2020) (PI)
EPSRC Supersolar Impact and Innovation Award with Loughborough University (2019-2020) (PI)
InnovateUK, Device Enhanced Performance of Integrated Concentrator photovoltaics & Thermoelectrics (DEPICT) (2019); lead IQE plc with European Thermodynamics, Cardiff
Welsh Government, “Big data analytics for delivering a step change in the stability of next generation electronic materials” (2019) (PI)
Welsh Government, “SPARC,” £498k (PI)
Newton Fund, “Low cost UV sensor” with Prof Neri Alves, UNESP, Brazil (2018) (PI)
EPSRC LAE, “Stable Nanowires” with CDT, Dyesol, G24i, (2017) (PI)
Newton Fund, “Application of LDS layers to OPVs” with Prof Edson Laureto, State University of Londrina, Brazil (PI)
EU RFCS, “Sustainable steels for direct deposition of photovoltaic solar cells - STEELPV, £535k, (2018), lead Fundación ITMA, Spain
Welsh Government, “CLARET,” £500k (2016) (PI)
Interreg IVA “WIN-IPT,” £605k (2016), lead PMBRC, Waterford
Welsh Intelligent Polymer Processing Consortium (WIP2C), £120k, lead Swansea University
Royal Society, “Tandem organic solar cells for enhanced production of solar electricity,” £24k (PI)
Supervision
I am willing to take on PhD students in a number of exciting areas of existing research strength and future research areas
-Improving perovskite and organic solar cell stability and intergration into new applications (space, indoors and BIPV)
- Biodegradable sensors, electronics, displays and light emitting diodes for
- Designing photonic devices and cleanroom processes that are net zero
- Identifying environmentally damaging process steps in the cleanroom, designing lower impact solutions (e.g ‘green lithography’)
- Recovery of Critical and Rare Metals (CRMs) in photonics and storage devices
- New approaches for selective recovery of CRMs using in magnetic and photonic devices (e.g antimony, gallium, indium, gold, cobalt)
- Ecodesign principals - assessing environmental impacts, improving reliability and reuse
- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of photonic and storage devices
- Design for reliability: create products that last longer, clear product level reliability targets
- Design for dematerialization: reducing the overall size, weight and number of materials involved in photonic/storage devices
- Munro, Connor
Quantum Cascade PCSELs - Parsa, Alireza
Developing ultrasonically enhanced recycling of photovoltaics
I have supervised 6 PhD students to completion. These include the following projects;
"Development of thin film flexible and transparent electronics"
"Development of a continuous hot embossing system for multifunctional surface structures"
"Stability and performance assessment of organic photovoltaics using data analytics and machine learning"
Teaching
I currently teach the following
"Electronic Engineering 1Y (ENG1022)" 20 credits - Analogue electronics
"Electronics Design Project 2 (ENG2025)", 10 credits
Additional information
Measures of esteem
Member of EPSRC Peer review college
Reviewer for Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
Reviewer for the German Research Foundation (DFG)
FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) Early career fellowship (2019)
PVSAT organizing committee (www.pvsat.org.uk) (2016-)
Organisation of SteelPV workshop in EMRS, Warsaw, 2017, https://www.european-mrs.com/meetings/2017-fall/satellite-events/steelpv-workshop
Symposium organiser “StEFFOPV22” at nanoGe conference, Spain, 2022
Track chair at IEEE FLEPS conference, Austria, 2022
RSC Advances (Associate Editor until 2018)
Energies (Editorial board 2020-)
Invited speaker at the 'International Conference on Simulation of Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics', SimOEP, Winterthur, Switzerland, 2019
Invited speaker at the SMPMat/MRS Brazil 2019
Invited speaker at the MRS conference - invited speaker at the 'Organic Electronics and biosensor' symposium, 2017
Work selected as 'Hot topic' for ISOS conference at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, 2019
2018 China-UK Workshop on Renewable Energy Systems in Zero Carbon Villages, Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and British Council(BC)
BBC Radio Wales interview, discussed innovation in solar energy 22.23’ in:http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08kkxx4, 2018
External PhD examiner - University of Sheffield, Danish Technical University, University of Newcastle, University of Oviedo, Swansea University, Dublin CU, Waterford IT, Cardiff University, University of Manchester, University of Sheffield, University of Surrey