Spinal Cord

We study neural circuitry, and seek to understand how specific brain and spinal cord circuits allow us to comprehend and respond to our physical location and situation, to create and recall memories, and to make decisions, plans and predictions about the future.

Staff

Publications

2025

Ma, W., Polgár, E., Dickie, A. C., Hajer, M. A., Quillet, R., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Yadav, M., Hachisuka, J., Todd, A. J., Bell, A. M. (2025) Anatomical characterisation of somatostatin-expressing neurons belonging to the anterolateral system. Scientific Reports, 15, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93816-6)

2024

Cooper, A. H., Barry, A. M., Chrysostomidou, P., Lolignier, R., Wang, J., Redondo Canales, M., Titterton, H. F., Bennett, D. L., Weir, G. A. (2024) Peripheral nerve injury results in a biased loss of sensory neuron sub-populations. Pain, 165, pp. 2863-2876. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003321)

Browne, T. J., Smith, K. M., Gradwell, M. A., Dayas, C. V., Callister, R. J., Hughes, D. I., Graham, B. A. (2024) Lateral lamina V projection neuron axon collaterals connect sensory processing across the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Scientific Reports, 14, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73620-4)

Williams, J. A., Campsie, P., Gibson, R., Johnson-Love, O., Werner, A., Sprott, M., Meechan, R., Huesa, C., Windmill, J. F. C., Purcell, M., Coupaud, S., Dalby, M. J., Childs, P., Riddell, J. S., Reid, S. (2024) Developing and investigating a nanovibration intervention for the prevention/reversal of bone loss following spinal cord injury. ACS Nano, 18, pp. 17630-17641. (doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02104)

Bell, A. M., Utting, C., Dickie, A. C., Kucharczyk, M. W., Quillet, R., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Razlan, A. N.B., Cooper, A. H., Lan, Y., Hachisuka, J., Weir, G. A., Bannister, K., Watanabe, M., Kania, A., Hoon, M. A., Macaulay, I. C., Denk, F., Todd, A. J. (2024) Deep sequencing of Phox2a nuclei reveals five classes of anterolateral system neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121, (doi: 10.1073/pnas.2314213121)

Kommer, M., Hawthorne, C., Moss, L., Piper, I., O'Kane, R., Czosnyka, M., Enblad, P., Hemphill, J. C., Spiegelberg, A., Riddell, J. S., Shaw, M. (2024) International e-Delphi survey to define best practice in the reporting of intracranial pressure monitoring recording data. Brain and Spine, 4, (doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102860)

2023

Quillet, R., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Polgár, E., Dickie, A. C., Boyle, K. A., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2023) Synaptic circuits involving gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 16, (doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1294994)

Middleton, S. J., Hu, H., Perez-Sanchez, J., Zuberi, S., McGrath Williams, J., Weir, G. A., Bennett, D. L. (2023) GluCl.CreON enables selective inhibition of molecularly defined pain circuits. Pain, 164, pp. 2780-2791. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002976)

Boyle, K. A., Polgár, E., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Dickie, A. C., Cooper, A. H., Bell, A. M., Jumolea, M. E., Casas-Benito, A., Watanabe, M., Hughes, D. I., Weir, G. A., Riddell, J. S., Todd, A. J. (2023) Neuropeptide Y-expressing dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons gate spinal pain and itch signalling. eLife, 12, (doi: 10.7554/eLife.86633)

Testa, B., Biggi, M., Byrne, C. A., Bell, A. (2023) Assessment of magnetic resonance imaging artefacts caused by equine anaesthesia equipment: a cadaver study. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 126, (doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104492)

Davis, O. C., Dickie, A. C., Mustapa, M. B., Boyle, K. A., Browne, T. J., Gradwell, M. A., Smith, K. M., Polgár, E., Bell, A. M., Kókai, É., Watanabe, M., Wildner, H., Zeilhofer, H. U., Ginty, D. D., Callister, R. J., Graham, B. A., Todd, A. J., Hughes, D. I. (2023) Calretinin-expressing islet cells are a source of pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of non-peptidergic nociceptor input to the mouse spinal cord. Scientific Reports, 13, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38605-9)

Quillet, R., Dickie, A. C., Polgár, E., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Bell, A. M., Goffin, L., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2023) Characterisation of NPFF-expressing neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Scientific Reports, 13, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32720-3)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Kókai, É., Polgár, E., Quillet, R., Titterton, H. F., Weir, G. A., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2023) Antibodies against the gastrin-releasing peptide precursor pro-gastrin-releasing peptide reveal its expression in the mouse spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience, 510, pp. 60-71. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.023)

Ronzano, R., Skarlatou, S., Barriga, B. K., Bannatyne, B. A., Bhumbra, G. S., Foster, J. D., Moore, J. D., Lancelin, C., Pocratsky, A. M., Özyurt, M. G., Smith, C. C., Todd, A. J., Maxwell, D. J., Murray, A. J., Pfaff, S. L., Brownstone, R. M., Zampieri, N., Beato, M. (2023) Spinal premotor interneurons controlling antagonistic muscles are spatially intermingled. eLife, 11, (doi: 10.7554/elife.81976)

Polgár, E., Dickie, A. C., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Bell, A. M., Boyle, K. A., Quillet, R., Rashid, E. A., Clark, R. A., German, M. T., Watanabe, M., Riddell, J. S., Todd, A. J. (2023) Grpr expression defines a population of superficial dorsal horn vertical cells that have a role in both itch and pain. Pain, 164, pp. 149-170. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002677)

2022

Pang, D., Bell, A. (2022) Use of mechanical thresholds in a model of feline clinical acute pain and their correlation with the Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale scores. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 24, pp. e672-e674. (doi: 10.1177/1098612X221137376)

Middleton, S. J., Perini, I., Andreas C., T., Weir, G. A., McCann, K., Barry, A. M., Marshall, A., Lee, M., Mayo, L. M., Bohic, M., Baskozos, G., Morrison, I., Löken, L. S., McIntyre, S., Nagi, S. S., Staud, R., Sehlstedt, I., Johnson, R. D., Wessberg, J., Wood, J. N., Woods, C. G., Moqrich, A., Olausson, H., Bennett, D. L. (2022) Nav1.7 is required for normal C-low threshold mechanoreceptor function in humans and mice. Brain, 145, pp. 3637-3653. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awab482)

Warwick, C., Salsovic, J., Hachisuka, J., Smith, K. M., Sheahan, T. D., Chen, H., Ibinson, J., Koerber, H. R., Ross, S. E. (2022) Cell type-specific calcium imaging of central sensitization in mouse dorsal horn. Nature Communications, 13, (doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32608-2)

Trendafilova, T. et al. (2022) Sodium-calcium exchanger-3 regulates pain "wind-up": from human psychophysics to spinal mechanisms. Neuron, 110, pp. 2571-2587.e13. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.017)

Gradwell, M. A., Smith, K. M., Dayas, C. V., Smith, D. W., Hughes, D. I., Callister, R. J., Graham, B. A. (2022) Altered intrinsic properties and inhibitory connectivity in aged parvalbumin-expressing dorsal horn neurons. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 16, (doi: 10.3389/fncir.2022.834173)

Williams, J. A., Huesa, C., Windmill, J. F. C., Purcell, M., Reid, S., Coupaud, S., Riddell, J. S. (2022) Spatiotemporal responses of trabecular and cortical bone to complete spinal cord injury in skeletally mature rats. Bone Reports, 16, (doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101592)

Hughes, D. I., Todd, A. J. (2022) Visualizing synaptic connectivity using confocal and electron microscopy: neuroanatomical approaches to define spinal circuits. Humana

El Khoueiry, C., Alba-Delgado, C., Antri, M., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Todd, A. J., Artola, A., Dallel, R. (2022) GABAA and glycine receptor-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission onto adult rat lamina IIi PKCγ-interneurons: pharmacological but not anatomical specialization. Cells, 11, (doi: 10.3390/cells11081356)

Todd, A. J. (2022) An historical perspective: the second order neuron in the pain pathway. Frontiers in Pain Research, 3, (doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.845211)

Barki, N., Bolognini, D., Börjesson, U., Jenkins, L., Riddell, J., Hughes, D. I., Ulven, T., Hudson, B. D., Rexen Ulven, E., Dekker, N., Tobin, A. B., Milligan, G. (2022) Chemogenetics defines the roles of short chain fatty acid receptors within the gut-brain axis. eLife, 11, (doi: 10.7554/eLife.73777)

Gradwell, M. A., Boyle, K. A., Browne, T. J., Bell, A. M., Leonardo, J., Peralta Reyes, F. S., Dickie, A. C., Smith, K. M., Callister, R. J., Dayas, C. V., Hughes, D. I., Graham, B. A. (2022) Diversity of inhibitory and excitatory parvalbumin interneuron circuits in the dorsal horn. Pain, 163, pp. e432-e452. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002422)

Kókai, É., Alsulaimain, W. A.A., Dickie, A. C., Bell, A. M., Goffin, L., Watanabe, M., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Todd, A. J. (2022) Characterisation of deep dorsal horn projection neurons in the spinal cord of the Phox2a::Cre mouse line. Molecular Pain, 18, pp. 17448069221119614. (doi: 10.1177/17448069221119614)

2021

Roesl, C., Evans, E. R., Dissanayake, K. N., Boczonadi, V., Jones, R. A., Jordan, G., Ledahawsky, L., Allen, G. C.C., Scott, M., Thomson, A., Wishart, T. M., Hughes, D. I., Mead, R. J., Shone, C. C., Slater, C. R., Gillingwater, T. H., Skehel, P. A., Ribchester, R. R. (2021) Confocal endomicroscopy of neuromuscular junctions stained with physiologically inert protein fragments of tetanus toxin. Biomolecules, 11, (doi: 10.3390/biom11101499)

Testa, B., Reid, J., Scott, M. E., Murison, P. J., Bell, A. (2021) The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale in post-operative analgesia studies in dogs: a scoping review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, (doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.751949)

Alsulaiman, W. A.A., Quillet, R., Bell, A. M., Dickie, A. C., Polgár, E., Boyle, K. A., Watanabe, M., Roome, R. B., Kania, A., Todd, A., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M. (2021) Characterisation of lamina I anterolateral system neurons that express Cre in a Phox2a-Cre mouse line. Scientific Reports, 11, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97105-w)

Testa, B., Pawson, P., Bell, A. (2021) A suspected non-allergic anaphylactic reaction to intravenous administration of atracurium in a dog. Veterinary Record Case Reports, 9, (doi: 10.1002/vrc2.101)

Chisholm, K. I., Lo Re, L., Polgár, E., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Todd, A. J., McMahon, S. B. (2021) Encoding of cutaneous stimuli by lamina I projection neurons. Pain, 162, pp. 2405-2417. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002226)

Chrysostomidou, L., Cooper, A. H., Weir, G. A. (2021) Cellular models of pain: new technologies and their potential to progress preclinical research. Neurobiology of Pain, 10, (doi: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100063)

Warwick, C., Cassidy, C., Hachisuka, J., Wright, M. C., Baumbauer, K. M., Adelman, P. C., Lee, K. H., Smith, K. M., Sheahan, T. D., Ross, S. E., Koerber, H. R. (2021) MrgprdCre lineage neurons mediate optogenetic allodynia through an emergent polysynaptic circuit. Pain, 162, pp. 2120-2131. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002227)

Browne, T. J., Smith, K. M., Gradwell, M. A., Iredale, J. A., Dayas, C. V., Callister, R. J., Hughes, D. I., Graham, B. A. (2021) Spinoparabrachial projection neurons form distinct classes in the mouse dorsal horn. Pain, 162, pp. 1977-1994. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002194)

Nothnagel, N. D., Symon, A., Morgan, A. T., Huber, R., Riddell, J., Goense, J. (2021) VASO-fMRI with Nordic-PCA for laminar sensory testing at 7 Tesla.

Thomson, R., Trimble, T., Pawson, P., Bell, A. M. (2021) A survey-based study into the use of peripheral nerve blocks for pelvic limb surgery among veterinary professionals with an interest in anesthesia. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 42, (doi: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100507)

Nguyen, E., Lim, G., Ding, H., Hachisuka, J., Ko, M.-C., Ross, S. E. (2021) Morphine acts on spinal dynorphin neurons to cause itch through disinhibition. Science Translational Medicine, 13, (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3774)

2020

Browne, T. J., Hughes, D. I., Dayas, C. V., Callister, R. J., Graham, B. A. (2020) Projection neuron axon collaterals in the dorsal horn: placing a new player in spinal cord pain processing. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, (doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.560802)

Polgár, E., Bell, A. M., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Dickie, A. C., Akar, O., Costreie, M., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2020) Substance P-expressing neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord: insights into their functions and their roles in synaptic circuits. Neuroscience, 450, pp. 113-125. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.038)

Graham, B. A., Hughes, D. I. (2020) Defining populations of dorsal horn interneurons. Pain, 161, pp. 2434-2436. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002067)

Choi, S., Hachisuka, J., Brett, M. A., Magee, A. R., Omori, Y., Iqbal, N.-u.-A., Zhang, D., DeLisle, M. M., Wolfson, R. L., Bai, L., Santiago, C., Gong, S., Goulding, M., Heintz, N., Koerber, H. R., Ross, S. E., Ginty, D. D. (2020) Parallel ascending spinal pathways for affective touch and pain. Nature, 587, pp. 258-263. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2860-1)

Bell, A. M., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Stevenson, A., Casas-Benito, A., Wildner, H., West, S. J., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2020) Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse. Scientific Reports, 10, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69711-7)

Hosseinzadeh, S., Lindsay, S. L., Gallagher, A. G., Wellings, D. A., Riehle, M. O., Riddell, J. S., Barnett, S. C. (2020) A novel poly-ε-lysine based implant, Proliferate®, for promotion of CNS repair following spinal cord injury. Biomaterials Science, 8, pp. 3611-3627. (doi: 10.1039/D0BM00097C)

Tran, M., Braz, J. M., Hamel, K., Kuhn, J., Todd, A. J., Basbaum, A. I. (2020) Ablation of spinal cord estrogen receptor α-expressing interneurons reduces chemically induced modalities of pain and itch. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 528, pp. 1629-1643. (doi: 10.1002/cne.24847)

Hughes, D. I., Todd, A. (2020) Central nervous system targets: inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord. Neurotherapeutics, 17, pp. 874-885. (doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00936-0)

Baskozos, G., Sandy-Hindmarch, O., Clark, A. J., Windsor, K., Karlsson, P., Weir, G. A., McDermott, L. A., Burchall, J., Wiberg, A., Furniss, D., Bennett, D. L.H., Schmid, A. B. (2020) Molecular and cellular correlates of human nerve regeneration: ADCYAP1/PACAP enhance nerve outgrowth. Brain, 143, pp. 2009-2026. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa163)

Madden, J.F., Davis, O.C., Boyle, K.A., Iredale, J.A., Browne, T.J., Callister, R.J., Smith, D.W., Jobling, P., Hughes, D.I., Graham, B.A. (2020) Functional and molecular analysis of proprioceptive sensory neuron excitability in mice. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 13, (doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00036)

Browne, T. J., Gradwell, M. A., Iredale, J. A., Madden, J. F., Hughes, D. I., Callister, R. J., Dayas, C. V., Graham, B. A. (2020) Transgenic cross-referencing of inhibitory and excitatory interneuron populations to dissect neuronal heterogeneity in the dorsal horn. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 13, (doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00032)

Peirs, C., Dallel, R., Todd, A. J. (2020) Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia. Journal of Neural Transmission, 127, pp. 505-525. (doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02159-1)

Hachisuka, J., Koerber, H. R., Ross, S. E. (2020) Selective-cold output through a distinct subset of lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons. Pain, 161, pp. 185-194. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001710)

Bell, A. M., Polgár, E., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Boyle, K. A., Todd, A. J. (2020) Functional populations among interneurons in the dorsal horn. Academic Press

2019

Pettingill, P., Weir, G. A., Wei, T., Wu, Y., Flower, G., Lalic, T., Handel, A., Duggal, G., Chintawar, S., Cheung, J., Arunasalam, K., Couper, E., Haupt, L. M., Griffiths, L. R., Bassett, A., Cowley, S. A., Zader, M. Z. (2019) A causal role for TRESK loss of function in migraine mechanisms. Brain, 142, pp. 3852-3867. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awz342)

Calvo, M., Davies, A. J., Hébert, H. L., Weir, G. A., Chesler, E. J., Finnerup, N. B., Levitt, R. C., Smith, B. H., Neely, G. G., Costigan, M., Bennett, D. L. (2019) The genetics of neuropathic pain from model organisms to clinical application. Neuron, 104, pp. 637-653. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.018)

Smith, K. M., Browne, T. J., Davis, O. C.,, Coyle, A., Boyle, K. A., Watanabe, M., Dickinson, S. A., Iredale, J. A., Gradwell, M. A., Jobling, P., Callister, R. J., Dayas, C. V., Hughes, D. I., Graham, B. A. (2019) Calretinin positive neurons form an excitatory amplifier network in the spinal cord dorsal horn. eLife, 8, (doi: 10.7554/eLife.49190)

Harold, A., Amako, Y., Hachisuka, J., Bai, Y., Li, M. Y., Kubat, L., Gravemeyer, J., Franks, J., Gibbs, J. R., Park, H. J., Ezhkova, E., Becker, J. C., Shuda, M. (2019) Conversion of Sox2-dependent Merkel cell carcinoma to a differentiated neuron-like phenotype by T antigen inhibition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, pp. 20104-20114. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907154116)

Graham, B. A., Hughes, D. I. (2019) Rewards, perils and pitfalls of untangling spinal pain circuits. Current Opinion in Physiology, 11, pp. 35-41. (doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.015)

Brunton, E. K., Silveira, C., Rosenberg, J., Schiefer, M. A., Riddell, J., Nazarpour, K. (2019) Temporal modulation of the response of sensory fibers to paired-pulse stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 27, pp. 1676-1683. (doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2019.2935813)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Bell, A. M., Shepherd, F., Polgár, E., Watanabe, M., Furuta, T., Todd, A. J. (2019) Expression of cholecystokinin by neurons in mouse spinal dorsal horn. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527, pp. 1857-1871. (doi: 10.1002/cne.24657)

Weir, G. A., Pettingill, P., Wu, Y., Duggal, G., Ilie, A.-S., Akerman, C. J., Cader, M. Z. (2019) The role of TRESK in discrete sensory neuron populations and somatosensory processing. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 12, (doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00170)

Boyle, K. A., Gradwell, M. A., Yasaka, T., Dickie, A. C., Polgár, E., Ganley, R. P., Orr, D. P.H., Watanabe, M., Abraira, V. E., Kuehn, E. D., Zimmerman, A. L., Ginty, D. D., Callister, R. J., Graham, B. A., Hughes, D. I. (2019) Defining a spinal microcircuit that gates myelinated afferent input: implications for tactile allodynia. Cell Reports, 28, pp. 526-540.e6. (doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.040)

McDermott, L. A., Weir, G. A., Themistocleous, A. C., Segerdahl, A. R., Blesneac, I., Basakozos, G., Clark, A. J., Millar, V., Peck, L. J., Ebner, D., Tracey, I., Serra, J., Bennett, D. L. (2019) Defining the functional role of NaV1.7 in human nociception. Neuron, 101, pp. 905-919.e8. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.047)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Davis, O., Polgár, E., Shahzad, M., Navarro-Batista, K., Furuta, T., Watanabe, M., Hughes, D. I., Todd, A. J. (2019) Expression of calretinin among different neurochemical classes of interneuron in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Neuroscience, 398, pp. 171-181. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.009)

Dickie, A. C., Bell, A. M., Iwagaki, N., Polgár, E., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Kelly, R., Lyon, H., Turnbull, K., West, S. J., Etlin, A., Braz, J., Watanabe, M., Bennett, D. L.H., Basbaum, A. I., Riddell, J. S., Todd, A. J. (2019) Morphological and functional properties distinguish the substance P and gastrin-releasing peptide subsets of excitatory interneuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Pain, 160, pp. 442-462. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001406)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Bell, A., Polgár, E., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2019) Expression of neuropeptide FF defines a population of excitatory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord that respond to noxious and pruritic stimuli. Neuroscience, 416, pp. 281-293. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.013)

2018

Bautzova, T., Hockley, J. R.F., Perez-Berezo, T., Pujo, J., Tranter, M. M., Desormeaux, C., Barbaro, M. R., Basso, L., Le Faouder, P., Rolland, C., Malapert, P., Moqrich, A., Eutamene, H., Denadai-Souza, A., Vergnolle, N., Smith, E. S. J., Hughes, D. I., Barbara, G., Dietrich, G., Bulmer, D. C., Cenac, N. (2018) 5-oxoETE triggers nociception in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome through MAS-related G protein–coupled receptor D. Science Signaling, 11, (doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2171)

Snyder, L. M. et al. (2018) Kappa opioid receptor distribution and function in primary afferents. Neuron, 99, pp. 1274-1288.e6. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.044)

Sheahan, T. D., Hachisuka, J., Ross, S. E. (2018) Small RNAs, but sizable itch: TRPA1 activation by an extracellular microRNA. Neuron, 99, pp. 421-422. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.040)

Hachisuka, J., Omori, Y., Chiang, M. C., Gold, M. S., Koerber, H. R., Ross, S. E. (2018) Wind-up in lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons. Pain, 159, pp. 1484-1493. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001229)

Bell, A., Hammond, J. (2018) Directly Observed Procedural Skills – What do the Assessors Think?

Bell, A. (2018) The neurobiology of acute pain. Veterinary Journal, 237, pp. 55-62. (doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.004)

Huang, J., Polgár, E., Solinski, H. J., Mishra, S. K., Tseng, P.-Y., Iwagaki, N., Boyle, K. A., Dickie, A. C., Kriegbaum, M. C., Wildner, H., Zeilhofer, H. U., Watanabe, M., Riddell, J. S., Todd, A. J., Hoon, M. A. (2018) Author correction: circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain. Nature Neuroscience, 21, pp. 894. (doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0149-6)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Polgár, E., Bell, A. M., Hérau, M., Todd, A. J. (2018) Substance P-expressing excitatory interneurons in the mouse superficial dorsal horn provide a propriospinal input to the lateral spinal nucleus. Brain Structure and Function, 223, pp. 2377-2392. (doi: 10.1007/s00429-018-1629-x)

Strnadel, J. et al. (2018) Survival of syngeneic and allogeneic iPSC–derived neural precursors after spinal grafting in minipigs. Science Translational Medicine, 10, (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6651)

Huang, J., Polgár, E., Solinski, H. J., Mishra, S. K., Tseng, P.-Y., Iwagaki, N., Boyle, K. A., Dickie, A. C., Kriegbaum, M. C., Wildner, H., Zeilhofer, H. U., Watanabe, M., Riddell, J. S., Todd, A. J., Hoon, M. A. (2018) Circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain. Nature Neuroscience, 21, pp. 707-716. (doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0119-z)

Hachisuka, J., Chiang, M. C., Ross, S. E. (2018) Itch and neuropathic itch. Pain, 159, pp. 603-609. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001141)

Dawes, J. M. et al. (2018) Immune or genetic-mediated disruption of CASPR2 causes pain hypersensitivity due to enhanced primary afferent excitability. Neuron, 97, pp. 806-822.e10. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.033)

2017

Gradwell, M.A., Boyle, K.A., Callister, R.J., Hughes, D.I., Graham, B.A. (2017) Heteromeric α/β glycine receptors regulate excitability in parvalbumin-expressing dorsal horn neurons through phasic and tonic glycinergic inhibition. Journal of Physiology, 595, pp. 7185-7202. (doi: 10.1113/JP274926)

Boyle, K. A., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Polgár, E., Mooney, N., O'Connor, E., Furuta, T., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2017) A quantitative study of neurochemically-defined populations of inhibitory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Neuroscience, 363, pp. 120-133. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.044)

Weir, G. A., Middleton, S. J., Clark, A. J., Daniel, T., Khovanov, N., McMahon, S. B., Bennett, D. L. (2017) Using an engineered glutamate-gated chloride channel to silence sensory neurons and treat neuropathic pain at the source. Brain, 140, pp. 2570-2585. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awx201)

Tae, H.-S., Smith, K. M., Phillips, A. M., Boyle, K. A., Li, M., Forster, I. C., Hatch, R. J., Richardson, R., Hughes, D. I., Graham, B. A., Petrou, S., Reid, C. A. (2017) Gabapentin modulates HCN4 channel voltage-dependence. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, (doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00554)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Bell, A. M., Marin, A., Taylor, R., Boyle, K. A., Furuta, T., Watanabe, M., Polgár, E., Todd, A. J. (2017) Preprotachykinin A (PPTA) is expressed by a distinct population of excitatory neurons in the mouse superficial spinal dorsal horn including cells that respond to noxious and pruritic stimuli. Pain, 158, pp. 440-456. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000778)

Flynn, J. R., Conn, V., Boyle, K., Hughes, D. I., Watanabe, M., Velasquez, T., Goulding, M. D., Callister, R. J., Graham, B. A. (2017) Anatomical and molecular properties of long descending propriospinal neurons in mice. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 11, (doi: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00005)

Hulme, C.H., Brown, S.J., Fuller, H.R., Riddell, J., Osman, A., Chowdhury, J., Kumar, N., Johnson, W.E., Wright, K.T. (2017) The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Spinal Cord, 55, pp. 114-125. (doi: 10.1038/sc.2016.174)

Lindsay, S. L., Toft, A., Griffin, J., Emraja, A. M.M., Barnett, S. C., Riddell, J. (2017) Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cell transplants promote remyelination and earlier improvement in gait co-ordination after spinal cord injury. Glia, 65, pp. 639-656. (doi: 10.1002/glia.23117)

Abraira, V. E., Kuehn, E. D., Chirila, A. M., Springel, M. W., Toliver, A. A., Zimmerman, A. L., Orefice, L. L., Boyle, K. A., Bai, L., Song, B. J., Bashista, K. A., O'Neill, T. G., Zhou, J., Tsan, C., Hoynoski, J., Rutlin, M., Kus, L., Niederkofler, V., Watanabe, M., Dymecki, S. M., Nelson, S. B., Heintz, N., Hughes, D. I., Ginty, D. D. (2017) The cellular and synaptic architecture of the mechanosensory dorsal horn. Cell, 168, pp. 295-310.e19. (doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.010)

Todd, A. J. (2017) Identifying functional populations among the interneurons in laminae I-III of the spinal dorsal horn. Molecular Pain, 13, pp. 1-19. (doi: 10.1177/1744806917693003)

O'Neill, P., Lindsay, S. L., Pantiru, A., Guimond, S. E., Fagoe, N., Verhaagen, J., Turnbull, J. E., Riddell, J. S., Barnett, S. C. (2017) Sulfatase mediated manipulation of the astrocyte-Schwann cell interface. Glia, 65, pp. 19-33. (doi: 10.1002/glia.23047)

2016

Hachisuka, J., Baumbauer, K. M., Omori, Y., Snyder, L. M., Koerber, H. R., Ross, S. E. (2016) Semi-intact ex vivo approach to investigate spinal somatosensory circuits. eLife, 5, (doi: 10.7554/eLife.22866)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Furuta, T., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2016) A quantitative study of neurochemically-defined excitatory interneuron populations in laminae I-III of the mouse spinal cord. Molecular Pain, 12, pp. 1-18. (doi: 10.1177/1744806916629065)

Bell, A. M., Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Polgár, E., Todd, A. J. (2016) Spinal neurons that contain gastrin-releasing peptide seldom express Fos or phosphorylate extracellular signal-regulated kinases in response to intradermal chloroquine. Molecular Pain, 12, pp. 1-9. (doi: 10.1177/1744806916649602)

Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., Kuehn, E. D., Abraira, V. E., Polgár, E., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J. (2016) Immunostaining for Homer reveals the majority of excitatory synapses in laminae I-III of the mouse spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience, 329, pp. 171-181. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.009)

Dafinca, R., Scaber, J., Ababneh, N.'a., Lalic, T., Weir, G., Christian, H., Vowles, J., Douglas, A. G.L., Fletcher-Jones, A., Browne, C., Nakanishi, M., Turner, M. R., Wade-Martins, R., Cowley, S. A., Talbot, K. (2016) C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions are associated with altered endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and stress granule formation in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Stem Cells, 34, pp. 2063-2078. (doi: 10.1002/stem.2388)

Smith, K.M., Boyle, K.A., Mustapa, M., Jobling, P., Callister, R.J., Hughes, D.I., Graham, B.A. (2016) Distinct forms of synaptic inhibition and neuromodulation regulate calretinin positive neuron excitability in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Neuroscience, 326, pp. 10-21. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.058)

Chiang, M.C., Hachisuka, J., Todd, A.J., Ross, S.E. (2016) Erratum. Pain, 157, pp. 992. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000552)

Iwagaki, N., Ganley, R. P., Dickie, A., Polgár, E., Hughes, D. I., Del Rio, P., Revina, Y., Watanabe, M., Todd, A. J., Riddell, J. S. (2016) A combined electrophysiological and morphological study of NPY-expressing inhibitory interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the mouse. Pain, 157, pp. 598-612. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000407)

Chiang, M. C., Hachisuka, J., Todd, A. J., Ross, S. E. (2016) Insight into B5-I spinal interneurons and their role in the inhibition of itch and pain. Pain, 157, pp. 544-545. (doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000474)

Sleigh, J. N., Weir, G. A., Schiavo, G. (2016) A simple, step-by-step dissection protocol for the rapid isolation of mouse dorsal root ganglia. BMC Research Notes, 9, (doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-1915-8)

Macfarlane, M.J., Morris, J., Burnside, S., Bell, A. (2016) A retrospective evaluation of polyurethane, long-stay, peripheral venous cannulae in dogs undergoing radiotherapy. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 57, pp. 84-90. (doi: 10.1111/jsap.12417)

Todd, A. J. (2016) Anatomy of pain pathways. Wiley Blackwell

Kido-Nakahara, M., Hachisuka, J., Nakahara, T., Furusyo, N., Shimoda, S., Koto, K., Furue, M. (2016) Pruritus in chronic liver disease: a questionnaire survey in 71 patients. Nishi Nihon Hifuka, 78, pp. 655-659. (doi: 10.2336/nishinihonhifu.78.655)

Postgraduate research students

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Research in the Spinal Cord Group focuses on the structure and function of the somatosensory system in health and disease. We use a wide variety of experimental approaches to study the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system at levels ranging from molecules through to behaviour. In particular we are interested in the synaptic, cellular, and circuit mechanisms that underlie normal sensory processing, and in determining how these properties change in pathological conditions leading to persistent pain and chronic itch.