Professor Ray Stokes

  • Emeritus Professor (School of Social & Political Sciences)

email: Ray.Stokes@glasgow.ac.uk

R301 Level 3, Economic & Social History, Lilybank House, Glasgow G12 8RT

Import to contacts

ORCID iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-0566

Research interests

Research Interests

  • 20th century German business and economic history
  • Comparative business history
  • History of technology and innovation in national and international context
  • Impact of state and military on industry and technology
  • Business, the environment, and sustainability 

Research Contribution

  • Editor-in-chief, Business History, 2014-present
  • Editor-in-chief, Journal of Business History/Zeitschrift für Untenehmensgeschichte, 2008-2913
  • Co-editor, Routledge International Studies in Business History, 2005-2014
  • Member of Council, European Business History Association (EBHA), 2006-2015
  • President of EBHA, 2013-2015
  • Treasurer and Member of Council, Association of Business Historians, 2006-2009
  • Member of Executive Committee, Business Archives Council Scotland, 2007 to present
  • Management Board, Europe-Asia Studies, April 2006 to present
  • Prize Jury, German Business History Association, 2001-2007
  • Editorial Advisory Board, German History, 1996-2006
  • Editorial Advisory Board, Ambix, September 2002-2012

Research Collaboration

  • Free University of Berlin, Department of Management
  • University of Frankfurt, Special Research Programme on "Discourses of Weakness and Research Regimes"
  • University of Frankfurt, Chair of Economic and Social History
  • Society for Business History (Gesellschaft für Unternehmensgeschichte), Frankfurt

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2019 | 2018 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2006 | 2004 | 2003
Number of items: 29.

2024

Stokes, A. and Stokes, R. (2024) More than just a business: recasting literary publishing in postwar Germany, 1945-1949. Enterprise and Society, (doi: 10.1017/eso.2024.4) (Early Online Publication)

2023

Stokes, R. G. (2023) Chemische Industrie. In: Boldorf, Marcel and Scherner, Jonas (eds.) Handbuch Wirtschaft im Nationalsozialismus. De Gruyter, pp. 275-298. (doi: 10.1515/9783110796353-012)

2022

Stokes, R. (2022) Chemical industries: changes in products, processes, actors. In: Kipping, Matthias, Kurosawa, Takafumi and Westney, Eleanor (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Industry Dynamics. Series: Oxford handbooks. Oxford University Press: Oxford/NY. ISBN 9780190933463 (doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190933463.013.8)

Stokes, R. (2022) The development and significance of IG Farben i.A. for the post-war West German economy. In: Jehn, Alexander, Kirschner, Albrecht and Wurthman, Nicola (eds.) IG Farben zwischen Schuld und Profit. Abwicklung eines Weltkonzerns. Historisch Kommission für Hessen: Marburg, pp. 47-59. ISBN 9783942225519

2019

Stokes, R. G. and Miller, C. W. (2019) Pollution and climate change. In: da Silva Lopes, Teresa, Lubinski, Christina and Tworek, Heidi J.S. (eds.) The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business. Series: Routledge companions in business, management and accounting. Routledge. ISBN 9781138242654

Stokes, R. (2019) Green capitalism? Retrospect and prospect. In: Hesse, Jan-Otmar, Kleinschmidt, Christian, Köster, Roman and Schanetzky, Tim (eds.) Moderner Kapitalismus. Wirtschafts- und Unternehmenshistorische Beiträge. Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen, pp. 107-121. ISBN 9783161589072

2018

Johnson, M., Stokes, R. G. and Arndt, T. (2018) The Thalidomide Catastrophe: How it Happened, Who was Responsible and why the Search for Justice Continues after More than Six Decades. Onwards & Upwards: Exeter. ISBN 9781788156295

2016

Colli, A., Decker, S., de Jong, A., Fernández Pérez, P., Rollings, N. and Stokes, R. (2016) Editorial: special issues in Business History. Business History, 58(1), pp. 1-5. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2015.1060961)

Stokes, R. G. and Banken, R. (2016) Building On Air: The International Industrial Gases Industry, 1886-2006. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 9781107033122

2015

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2015) Constructing an 'industry': the case of industrial gases, 1886–2006. Business History, 57(5), pp. 688-704. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2014.975123)

2014

Hesse, J.-O., Kleinschmidt, C., Reckendrees, A. and Stokes, R. (Eds.) (2014) Perspectives on European Economic and Social History. Nomos: Baden-Baden, pp. 7-13. ISBN 9783832977603

Banken, R. and Stokes, R. G. (2014) Aus der Luft gewonnen. Die Entwicklung der globalen Gaseindustrie 1880 bis 2012. Piper: Munich. ISBN 9783492056816

Hesse, J.-O., Kleinschmidt, C., Reckendrees, A. and Stokes, R. (2014) Introduction: European Economic and Social History as an Object of Research. In: Hesse, Jan-Otmar, Kleinschmidt, Christian, Reckendrees, Alfred and Stokes, Raymond (eds.) Perspectives on European Economic and Social History. Nomos: Baden-Baden, pp. 7-13. ISBN 9783832977603

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2014) Pipelinenetze als Unternehmensstrategie. Die Entstehung des Sauerstoffleitungsnetzes im Ruhrgebiet 1956 bis 1975. Zeitschrift fur Unternehmensgeschichte, 59(1), pp. 3-26.

Stokes, R. (2014) Das politische und technische Erbe der IG Farbenindustrie AG in Mitteldeutschland. In: Karlsch, Rainer and Maier, Helmut (eds.) Studien zur Geschichte der Filmfabriken Wolfen und der IG Farbenindustrie AG in Mitteldeutschland. Series: Bochumer Studien zur Technik- und Umweltgeschichte (2). Klartext: Bochum, pp. 39-53. ISBN 9783837508406

Stokes, R. , Colli, A., Decker, S., Fernández Pérez, P., de Jong, A. and Rollings, N. (2014) Editorial. Business History, 56(2), pp. 336-339. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2014.887809)

2013

Stokes, R. (2013) From Schadenfreude to going-out-of-business sale: East Germany and the oil crises of the 1970s. In: Berghoff, Hartmut and Balbier, Uta Andrea (eds.) The East German Economy, 1945-2010: Falling Behind or Catching Up? Series: Publications of the German Historical Institute. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 131-143. ISBN 9781107030138

Stokes, R. , Köster, R. and Sambrook, S. (2013) The Business of Waste: Great Britain and Germany, 1945 to the Present. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 9781107027213

Stokes, R. and Sambrook, S. (2013) Managing household refuse: towards a history of the municipal waste-handling business. In: Scanlan, John and Clark, John F. M. (eds.) Aesthetic fatigue: Modernity and the Language of Waste. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle, pp. 298-318. ISBN 978-1-4438-4912-8

Stokes, R. (2013) Der Siegeszug von Erdöl und Erdgas im 20. Jahrhundert. In: Ziegler, Dieter (ed.) Geschichte des deutschen Bergbaus, Band 4: Rohstoffgewinnung im Strukturwandel. Aschendorf: Münster, pp. 515-538. ISBN 9783402129043

2010

Banken, R. and Stokes, R. (2010) "The trauma of competition": the entry of Air Products Inc. into the industrial gases business in Britain and continental Europe 1947-1970. Business History, 52(7), pp. 1068-1085. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2010.523462)

Stokes, R.G. (2010) The invisible global industry (and its global players few have heard of): the international industrial gases industry. In: Gilgen, D., Kopper, C. and Leutzsch, A. (eds.) Deutschland als Modell? Rheinischer Kapitalismus und Globalisierung seit dem 19. Jahrhundert. Series: Reihe Politik- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte (88). Dietz: Bonn, pp. 195-215. ISBN 9783801241995

2009

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2009) No steel, no TV, and no burgers: how industrial action in a single company threatened to bring the British economy to a standstill. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 50(2), pp. 219-230. (doi: 10.1524/jbwg.2009.0023)

2008

Stokes, R. (2008) Die Zukunft der Unternehmensgeschichte. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 49(1), pp. 313-328. (doi: 10.1524/jbwg.2008.0014)

Stokes, R. (2008) Research and development in German industry in the Nazi period: motivations and incentives, directions, outcomes. In: Buchheim, C. (ed.) German Industry in the Nazi Period. Series: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (174/3). Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 199-211. ISBN 9783515091503

2006

Stokes, R.G. (2006) Oil as a primary source of energy. In: Fink, C., Hadler, F. and Schramm, T. (eds.) 1956: European and Global Perspectives. Leipzig Universitatsverlag, pp. 245-264. ISBN 9783937209562

Stokes, R.G. (2006) Von Trabbis und Acetylen - die Technikentwicklung. In: Steiner, A. (ed.) Überholen ohne einzuholen: die DDR-Wirtschaft als Fussnote der deutschen Geschichte. Links, pp. 105-125. ISBN 9783861533979

2004

Abelshauser, W., Von Hippel, W., Johnson, J.A. and Stokes, R.G. (2004) German Industry and Global Enterprise. BASF: the History of a Company. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521827263

2003

Karlsch, R. and Stokes, R.G. (2003) Faktor Öl: die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland von 1859 bis 1974. Beck. ISBN 9783406502767

This list was generated on Tue Apr 15 14:11:05 2025 BST.
Jump to: Articles | Books | Book Sections | Edited Books
Number of items: 29.

Articles

Stokes, A. and Stokes, R. (2024) More than just a business: recasting literary publishing in postwar Germany, 1945-1949. Enterprise and Society, (doi: 10.1017/eso.2024.4) (Early Online Publication)

Colli, A., Decker, S., de Jong, A., Fernández Pérez, P., Rollings, N. and Stokes, R. (2016) Editorial: special issues in Business History. Business History, 58(1), pp. 1-5. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2015.1060961)

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2015) Constructing an 'industry': the case of industrial gases, 1886–2006. Business History, 57(5), pp. 688-704. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2014.975123)

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2014) Pipelinenetze als Unternehmensstrategie. Die Entstehung des Sauerstoffleitungsnetzes im Ruhrgebiet 1956 bis 1975. Zeitschrift fur Unternehmensgeschichte, 59(1), pp. 3-26.

Stokes, R. , Colli, A., Decker, S., Fernández Pérez, P., de Jong, A. and Rollings, N. (2014) Editorial. Business History, 56(2), pp. 336-339. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2014.887809)

Banken, R. and Stokes, R. (2010) "The trauma of competition": the entry of Air Products Inc. into the industrial gases business in Britain and continental Europe 1947-1970. Business History, 52(7), pp. 1068-1085. (doi: 10.1080/00076791.2010.523462)

Stokes, R. and Banken, R. (2009) No steel, no TV, and no burgers: how industrial action in a single company threatened to bring the British economy to a standstill. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 50(2), pp. 219-230. (doi: 10.1524/jbwg.2009.0023)

Stokes, R. (2008) Die Zukunft der Unternehmensgeschichte. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 49(1), pp. 313-328. (doi: 10.1524/jbwg.2008.0014)

Books

Johnson, M., Stokes, R. G. and Arndt, T. (2018) The Thalidomide Catastrophe: How it Happened, Who was Responsible and why the Search for Justice Continues after More than Six Decades. Onwards & Upwards: Exeter. ISBN 9781788156295

Stokes, R. G. and Banken, R. (2016) Building On Air: The International Industrial Gases Industry, 1886-2006. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 9781107033122

Banken, R. and Stokes, R. G. (2014) Aus der Luft gewonnen. Die Entwicklung der globalen Gaseindustrie 1880 bis 2012. Piper: Munich. ISBN 9783492056816

Stokes, R. , Köster, R. and Sambrook, S. (2013) The Business of Waste: Great Britain and Germany, 1945 to the Present. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 9781107027213

Abelshauser, W., Von Hippel, W., Johnson, J.A. and Stokes, R.G. (2004) German Industry and Global Enterprise. BASF: the History of a Company. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521827263

Karlsch, R. and Stokes, R.G. (2003) Faktor Öl: die Mineralölwirtschaft in Deutschland von 1859 bis 1974. Beck. ISBN 9783406502767

Book Sections

Stokes, R. G. (2023) Chemische Industrie. In: Boldorf, Marcel and Scherner, Jonas (eds.) Handbuch Wirtschaft im Nationalsozialismus. De Gruyter, pp. 275-298. (doi: 10.1515/9783110796353-012)

Stokes, R. (2022) Chemical industries: changes in products, processes, actors. In: Kipping, Matthias, Kurosawa, Takafumi and Westney, Eleanor (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Industry Dynamics. Series: Oxford handbooks. Oxford University Press: Oxford/NY. ISBN 9780190933463 (doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190933463.013.8)

Stokes, R. (2022) The development and significance of IG Farben i.A. for the post-war West German economy. In: Jehn, Alexander, Kirschner, Albrecht and Wurthman, Nicola (eds.) IG Farben zwischen Schuld und Profit. Abwicklung eines Weltkonzerns. Historisch Kommission für Hessen: Marburg, pp. 47-59. ISBN 9783942225519

Stokes, R. G. and Miller, C. W. (2019) Pollution and climate change. In: da Silva Lopes, Teresa, Lubinski, Christina and Tworek, Heidi J.S. (eds.) The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business. Series: Routledge companions in business, management and accounting. Routledge. ISBN 9781138242654

Stokes, R. (2019) Green capitalism? Retrospect and prospect. In: Hesse, Jan-Otmar, Kleinschmidt, Christian, Köster, Roman and Schanetzky, Tim (eds.) Moderner Kapitalismus. Wirtschafts- und Unternehmenshistorische Beiträge. Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen, pp. 107-121. ISBN 9783161589072

Hesse, J.-O., Kleinschmidt, C., Reckendrees, A. and Stokes, R. (2014) Introduction: European Economic and Social History as an Object of Research. In: Hesse, Jan-Otmar, Kleinschmidt, Christian, Reckendrees, Alfred and Stokes, Raymond (eds.) Perspectives on European Economic and Social History. Nomos: Baden-Baden, pp. 7-13. ISBN 9783832977603

Stokes, R. (2014) Das politische und technische Erbe der IG Farbenindustrie AG in Mitteldeutschland. In: Karlsch, Rainer and Maier, Helmut (eds.) Studien zur Geschichte der Filmfabriken Wolfen und der IG Farbenindustrie AG in Mitteldeutschland. Series: Bochumer Studien zur Technik- und Umweltgeschichte (2). Klartext: Bochum, pp. 39-53. ISBN 9783837508406

Stokes, R. (2013) From Schadenfreude to going-out-of-business sale: East Germany and the oil crises of the 1970s. In: Berghoff, Hartmut and Balbier, Uta Andrea (eds.) The East German Economy, 1945-2010: Falling Behind or Catching Up? Series: Publications of the German Historical Institute. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 131-143. ISBN 9781107030138

Stokes, R. and Sambrook, S. (2013) Managing household refuse: towards a history of the municipal waste-handling business. In: Scanlan, John and Clark, John F. M. (eds.) Aesthetic fatigue: Modernity and the Language of Waste. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle, pp. 298-318. ISBN 978-1-4438-4912-8

Stokes, R. (2013) Der Siegeszug von Erdöl und Erdgas im 20. Jahrhundert. In: Ziegler, Dieter (ed.) Geschichte des deutschen Bergbaus, Band 4: Rohstoffgewinnung im Strukturwandel. Aschendorf: Münster, pp. 515-538. ISBN 9783402129043

Stokes, R.G. (2010) The invisible global industry (and its global players few have heard of): the international industrial gases industry. In: Gilgen, D., Kopper, C. and Leutzsch, A. (eds.) Deutschland als Modell? Rheinischer Kapitalismus und Globalisierung seit dem 19. Jahrhundert. Series: Reihe Politik- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte (88). Dietz: Bonn, pp. 195-215. ISBN 9783801241995

Stokes, R. (2008) Research and development in German industry in the Nazi period: motivations and incentives, directions, outcomes. In: Buchheim, C. (ed.) German Industry in the Nazi Period. Series: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (174/3). Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 199-211. ISBN 9783515091503

Stokes, R.G. (2006) Oil as a primary source of energy. In: Fink, C., Hadler, F. and Schramm, T. (eds.) 1956: European and Global Perspectives. Leipzig Universitatsverlag, pp. 245-264. ISBN 9783937209562

Stokes, R.G. (2006) Von Trabbis und Acetylen - die Technikentwicklung. In: Steiner, A. (ed.) Überholen ohne einzuholen: die DDR-Wirtschaft als Fussnote der deutschen Geschichte. Links, pp. 105-125. ISBN 9783861533979

Edited Books

Hesse, J.-O., Kleinschmidt, C., Reckendrees, A. and Stokes, R. (Eds.) (2014) Perspectives on European Economic and Social History. Nomos: Baden-Baden, pp. 7-13. ISBN 9783832977603

This list was generated on Tue Apr 15 14:11:05 2025 BST.

Grants

Grants

"Constructing the waste management business in the United Kingdom and West Germany, 1945 to the early 1990s", Economic and Social Research Council, September 2007-August 2010.

International collaborative project on "The history of the international industrial gases industry", Linde Group (to support a PhD studentship), 2007-2010

Ongoing funding from the William Lind Foundation and the Ballast Trust in support of the activities of the Centre for Business History in Scotland

Supervision

Supervision areas

  • Business history
  • History of technology
  • Environmental history
  • Economic and industrial history
  • History of higher education
  • International or comparative approaches to any of the above

Current research students

Michael Hughes

  • "An Analysis of Global Trade in National Socialist Memorabilia"

Michael Macdonald

  • "Economic Development and the Provision of Transport Services in Remote Districts of Scotland, 1945-ca. 1980"

Christopher Miller

  • "The Political Economy of the British Naval Arms Industry, 1905-1939"

John Campbell Wilson

  • "A History of the UK Renewable Energy Programme, 1974-1988: Some social, political, and economic aspects"

William Lee Young

 Past research students

Catriona Haston

Deborah Nicholson

  • "Secrets of Success: The development of obstetric ultrasound in Scotland, 1963-1990"

Robert Reid

Stephen Sambrook

  • "The optical munitions industry in Great Britain 1888-1923"

 

Teaching

Undergraduate

Level 1

  • Economic & Social History 1A: Towards globalisation, 1750-1914
  • Economic & Social History 1B: Towards globalisation, 1914-2008

Honours

  • Industry and Innovation: International Perspectives
  • German Big Business in the 20th Century

Postgraduate

  • Business in the Global Economy
  • Technology Transfer in the Global Economy
  • Managing Innovation and Technology Transfer (Business School)

Other Roles

  • Head of Subject, Economic and Social History, School of Social and Political Sciences