Professor Michael Lean

  • Clinical Senior Research Fellow/Honorary Consultant (Medicine)

telephone: 0141 201 8604
email: Mike.Lean@glasgow.ac.uk

School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, R2.19, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER

Import to contacts

ORCID iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-0083

Biography

Mike Lean MA, MB, BChir, MD (Cambridge), FRCP (Edinb), FRCPS (Glasgow), FRSE holds the chair of Human Nutrition, based at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, where he is also a consultant physician with NHS responsibilities, and a weekly Human Nutrition Outpatient clinic. His primary training was in Medicine, completing a Cambridge MA degree in History and Philosophy of Science. Medical undergraduate training was at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, and postgraduate training mainly in Aberdeen and Cambridge.  He received research training as an MRC Clinical Scientist for 4 years at the MRC and University of Cambridge Dunn Nutrition Laboratories, and on a Leverhulme Scholarship to the University of Colorado in Denver, in 2003.  He has held Visiting and Adjunct Professorships at the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen; the University of Otago, New Zealand (currently) and at University of Sydney, Australia (also currently).  He was a non-executive director of the Health Education Board of Scotland for 8 years, and chaired the UK Food Standards Agency Advisory Committee on Research.  He was awarded the Diabetes UK Rank Nutrition Lectureship UK in 2013 and the Banting Memorial Lectureship in 2020, the Tenovus Medal for Research in 2017, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (National Academy of Scotland) in 2018.

Research interests

Research Profile

Professor Lean has published over 550 peer-reviewed papers.  
Total citations (Google Scholar) = 84,874, with H-index 120 (64 since 2018).
Visit his Google Scholar page.

In 2014 he was one of only 19 Scottish researchers in the top 1% for international citations, on the Thomson-Reuters ‘Highly Cited’ Researcher listing. 

His research, and related PhD training programmes, encompass the wide range of molecular, clinical and public health aspects of Human Nutrition, a body of integrated sciences underpinning all biomedical and health research:

human nutrition
is what we are
and how we are
underpinning all biomedical and health research
at glasgow

Human Nutrition research always aims to inform, and change, practice and policy.  It has impacts for ordinary people, and for commercial activities as well as health policies. It is funded from government agencies, Research Councils, charities and commercial companies, and is usually collaborative.  The main major focuses are on obesity/diabetes/cardiovascular risk, and on certain micronutrients, such as iodine and plant-food products; particularly to establish metabolic pathways and functions of phenolics.

Current research activity includes: (1) Pre-clinical/Laboratory: studies to demonstrate the subtle long term effects of free-radicals on protein glycation and tissue damage, and the protective roles of dietary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant-products in human diets.  (2)  Clinical: both pharmaceutical and dietary trials eg the Diabetes Remission Controlled Trial (DiRECT), the largest study ever funded by Diabetes UK, collaborating with Prof Roy Taylor, Newcastle.  It builds on my role as founder of the UK Counterweight Programme, to develop and evaluate cost-effective weight management, for implementation in routine NHS primary care.  (3) Public Health Nutrition: secondary analyses of large health survey databases, and development of innovative new health promotion interventions to prevent weight gain in young people, using calorie-labelling and on-line programmes to generate sustained behavioural changes.

Notable recent advances from my research have included:

  • International adoption, by WHO,  International Diabetes Federation and most national Diabetes and Heart Disease agencies world-wide, of the Waist Circumference cut-offs, which I originally developed  as ‘Action-Levels’ for Health Promotion, and as diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome.  
  • Innovative analyses of large from Health Survey data-bases, demonstrating not only alarming increases in obesity, but new and worryingly rapid rises in waist circumferences, continuing into old age.  These recent dramatic changes in human shapes with age indicate continuing increases in body fat but loss of muscle (sarcopenia), which predict major rises in diabetes, and physical frailty despite obesity.  A new international collaborative project is under review.
  • Development of new simple methods to estimate both body fat and whole-body muscle-mass, using measurements which can be made easily in clinical practice and in health surveys.  These measurements will allow clinicians and future health survey analyses to distinguish between changes in body fat and muscle, which cannot be differentiated using BMI but which have very different health implications.
  • In 2013, having demonstrated the nutritionally chaotic nature of supermarket ready-meals, we developed the world’s first fully nutritionally balanced ready-meal, exactly matching dietary guidelines,  by adapting a traditional pizza recipe to contain 1/3 of the daily requirement of all essential nutrients,  vitamins and minerals .  This is now commercially available in a variety of outlets in several countries, as an example to the food industry of applied nutrition research, to achieve ‘Health by Stealth’, using a product which still looks and tastes exactly like a very nice pizza. www.eatbalanced.com.
  • The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT), a Strategic Research Initiative awarded in 2014 to Mike Lean and Roy Taylor (Newcastle), is the largest single project ever funded by Diabetes UK.  This project has documented the effect of adding the Counterweight-Plus weight management programme, delivered within routine primary care, to the routine care of people with type 2 diabetes.  The 12-month primary outcome results were presented at the International Diabetes Federation meeting in Abu Dhabi, and simultaneously published in The Lancet, on December 5th 2017. www.directclinicaltrial.org.uk/. The results add to the already consistent evidence that substantial weight loss (eg over 10-15kg) leads to remission of the disease.  They show how excess body fat accumulation accumulates, in and impairs the functions of, vital organs to cause diabetes.  Importantly for patients, this is reversible.  Discovering how to achieve sustained remission from diabetes is the top research priority identified by people currently living with the disease and facing its disabling complications.  The original 2-year intervention has been extended with 5 years funding, and an economic analysis will inform healthcare planning in considering how best to provide optimal diabetes management.

 

Publications

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Number of items: 362.

2024

Karmacharya, B. et al. (2024) A service evaluation of weight management for glycaemic control and remission of type 2 diabetes using traditional food in Nepal (Ho-DIRECT NEPAL): a single-arm trial. Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 29, 100465. (doi: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100465)

Pugh, J. E. et al. (2024) Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial. EClinicalMedicine, 76, 102844. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102844) (PMID:39391015) (PMCID:PMC11466568)

Churuangsuk, C., Catchpole, A., Talwar, D., Welsh, P. , Sattar, N. , Combet Aspray, E. and Lean, M. E.J. (2024) Low thiamine status in adults following low-carbohydrate / ketogenic diets: a cross-sectional comparative study of micronutrient intake and status. European Journal of Nutrition, (doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03459-y) (PMID:38967675) (Early Online Publication)

Noronha, J. C. et al. (2024) Weight management using meal replacements and cardiometabolic risk reduction in individuals with pre‐diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews, 25(7), e13751. (doi: 10.1111/obr.13751) (PMID:38693302)

Williamson, K. , Lean, M. E.J. and Blane, D. N. (2024) The lived experiences of people with severe obesity who use community health and social care services: a qualitative interview study. Health and Social Care in the Community, 2024(1), 5520608. (doi: 10.1155/2024/5520608)

Han, T. S. et al. (2024) Evidence-based definition of hypoprolactinemia in European men aged 40-86 years: the European male ageing study. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, (doi: 10.1007/s11154-024-09890-0) (PMID:38829475) (Early Online Publication)

Chimoriya, R., MacMillan, F., Lean, M. , Simmons, D. and Piya, M. K. (2024) A qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of participants and healthcare professionals in the DiRECT‐Australia type 2 diabetes remission service. Diabetic Medicine, 41(6), e15301. (doi: 10.1111/dme.15301) (PMID:38311881)

Ken-Dror, G., Fluck, D., Lean, M. E.J. , Casanueva, F. F. and Han, T. S. (2024) The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, (doi: 10.1007/s11154-024-09886-w) (PMID:38760578) (Early Online Publication)

Lean, M. E.J. et al. (2024) 5-year follow-up of the randomised Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) of continued support for weight loss maintenance in the UK: an extension study. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 12(4), pp. 233-246. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00385-6) (PMID:38423026)

Papamargaritis, D. et al. (2024) Effectiveness of integrating a pragmatic pathway for prescribing liraglutide 3.0mg in weight management services (STRIVE study): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 39, 100853. (doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100853)

Rothberg, A., Lean, M. and Laferrère, B. (2024) Remission of type 2 diabetes: always more questions, but enough answers for action. Diabetologia, 67(4), pp. 602-610. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-06069-1) (PMID:38189935) (PMCID:PMC10904507) (Early Online Publication)

Haag, L. et al. (2024) Baseline characteristics in the Remote Diet Intervention to REduce long-COVID Symptoms Trial (ReDIRECT). NIHR Open Research, 4, 7. (doi: 10.3310/nihropenres.13522.1) (PMID:39145102) (PMCID:PMC11320183)

Chimoriya, R., Mitlehner, K., Khoo, C. L., Osuagwu, U. L., Thomson, R., Si, L., Lean, M. , Simmons, D. and Piya, M. K. (2024) Translation of a Diabetes Remission Service into Australian Primary Care: Findings from the Evaluation of DiRECT-Australia. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2024, 2350551. (doi: 10.1155/2024/2350551) (PMID:38361965) (PMCID:PMC10869186)

Bull, C. J. et al. (2024) Impact of weight loss on cancer-related proteins in serum: results from a cluster randomised controlled trial of individuals with type 2 diabetes. EBioMedicine, 100, 104977. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104977) (PMID:38290287) (PMCID:PMC10844806)

MacKenzie, R. M. et al. (2024) Clinical outcomes and adverse events of bariatric surgery in adults with severe obesity in Scotland: the SCOTS observational cohort study. Health Technology Assessment, 28(7), (doi: 10.3310/UNAW6331)

Corbin, L. J. et al. (2024) The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetologia, 67(1), pp. 74-87. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-06019-x) (PMID:37878066) (PMCID:PMC10709482)

2023

Lee, M. M.Y. , Lean, M. E.J. , Sattar, N. and Petrie, M. C. (2023) Appetite and its regulation: Are there palatable interventions for heart failure? Current Heart Failure Reports, 21, pp. 1-4. (doi: 10.1007/s11897-023-00637-7) (PMID:38133864) (PMCID:PMC10827951)

Goudswaard, L. J. et al. (2023) Using trials of caloric restriction and bariatric surgery to explore the effects of body mass index on the circulating proteome. Scientific Reports, 13, 21077. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47030-x) (PMID:38030643) (PMCID:PMC10686974)

Sattar, N. et al. (2023) Prediction of cardiometabolic health through changes in plasma proteins with intentional weight loss in the DiRECT and DIADEM-I randomised clinical trials of type 2 diabetes remission. Diabetes Care, 46(11), pp. 1949-1957. (doi: 10.2337/dc23-0602) (PMID:37756566) (PMCID:PMC10628468)

Reynolds, A. N., Kahleova, H., Uusitupa, M., Hermansen, K., Aas, A.-M., Schwab, U., Lean, M. E.J. , Pfeiffer, A., Salas-Salvadó, J. and Mann, J. I. (2023) Not all very-low-carbohydrate diets are created equal. Reply to Conte C, Camajani E, Lai A, Caprio M. Diabetologia, 66, pp. 1754-1755. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05963-y) (PMID:37407870)

Haag, L. et al. (2023) The remote diet intervention to reduce Long COVID symptoms trial (ReDIRECT): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a remotely delivered supported weight management programme for people with Long COVID and excess weight, with personalised improvement goals. NIHR Open Research, 2, 57. (doi: 10.3310/nihropenres.13315.2) (PMID:37881302) (PMCID:PMC10593354)

Williamson, K. , Blane, D. N. and Lean, M. E.J. (2023) Challenges in obtaining accurate anthropometric measures for adults with severe obesity: a community-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 51(6), pp. 935-943. (doi: 10.1177/14034948221089111) (PMID:35491931) (PMCID:PMC10350700)

Aas, A.-M. et al. (2023) Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(6), pp. 965-985. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8) (PMID:37069434)

Boyle, J. G. and Lean, M. E.J. (2023) Type 2 diabetes remission: achieving calorie restriction and weight loss by any which way? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(6), e352-e353. (doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac755) (PMID:36611260)

Sharma, V., Ricketts, H. C., McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Crawford, L., Slaughter, L., Goodfellow, A., Lean, M. E.J. and Cowan, D. C. (2023) A total diet replacement weight management programme for difficult-to-treat asthma associated with obesity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Chest, 163(5), pp. 1026-1037. (doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.015) (PMID:36649753)

Luli, M. et al. (2023) The implications of defining obesity as a disease: a report from the Association for the Study of Obesity 2021 annual conference. EClinicalMedicine, 58, 101962. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101962) (PMID:37090435) (PMCID:PMC10119881)

Williamson, K. , Blane, D. N. , Grieve, E. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Overlooked and under-evidenced: community health and long-term care service needs, utilization, and costs incurred by people with severe obesity. Clinical Obesity, 13(2), e12570. (doi: 10.1111/cob.12570) (PMID:36447339)

Cassidy, S. et al. (2023) Physical activity, inactivity and sleep during the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetic Medicine, 40(3), e15010. (doi: 10.1111/dme.15010) (PMID:36398460)

Sattar, N. , Welsh, P. , Leslie, W. S., Thom, G. , McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Richardson, J. , Gill, J. M. R. , Crawford, L. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Dietary weight-management for type 2 diabetes remissions in South Asians: the South Asian diabetes remission randomised trial for proof-of-concept and feasibility (STANDby). Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 9, 100111. (doi: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100111) (PMID:36777452) (PMCID:PMC9904218)

Sattar, N. , McMurray, J. J. V. , McInnes, I. B. , Aroda, V. R. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Treating chronic diseases without tackling excess adiposity promotes multimorbidity. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 11(1), pp. 58-62. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00317-5) (PMID:36460014)

Lean, M. E.J. , Taylor, R. and Sattar, N. (2023) Determination of autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes: one simple way to improve classification. Reply by Lean et al to Ludvigsson J [letter]. Diabetologia, 66, pp. 958-959. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05863-7) (PMID:36690837) (PMCID:PMC9870768)

2022

Williamson, K. , Nimegeer, A. and Lean, M. (2022) Navigating data governance approvals to use routine health and social care data to evidence the hidden population with severe obesity: a case study from a clinical academic's perspective. Journal of Research in Nursing, 27(7), pp. 623-636. (doi: 10.1177/17449871221122040) (PMID:36405806) (PMCID:PMC9669932)

Pugh, J. E. et al. (2022) Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study to investigate the efficacy of inulin-propionate ester versus inulin (control) in the prevention of weight gain over 12 months. F1000Research, (doi: 10.12688/f1000research.125950.1)

Overman, M. J. et al. (2022) Reproductive hormone levels, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and their longitudinal relationships with decline in cognitive subdomains in men: the European Male Ageing Study. Physiology and Behavior, 252, 113825. (doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113825) (PMID:35487276)

Leu, J., Tay, Z., van Dam, R. M., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., Lean, M. E. J. , Nikolaou, C. K. and Rebello, S. A. (2022) ‘You know what, I’m in the trend as well’: understanding the interplay between digital and real-life social influences on the food and activity choices of young adults. Public Health Nutrition, 25(8), pp. 2137-2155. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980022000398) (PMID:35184791)

Noronha, J. C., Thom, G. and Lean, M. E.J. (2022) Total diet replacement within an integrated intensive lifestyle intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: lessons from DiRECT. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 888557. (doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.888557) (PMID:35721753) (PMCID:PMC9202990)

Lean, M. , McCombie, L. and Xin, Y. (2022) Forget polypharmacy for type 2 diabetes! Weight management is a better investment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(5), pp. 844-846. (doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa250) (PMID:33263751)

Williams, S. A. et al. (2022) A proteomic surrogate for cardiovascular outcomes that is sensitive to multiple mechanisms of change in risk. Science Translational Medicine, 14(639), eabj9625. (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj9625) (PMID:35385337)

Rehackova, L., Taylor, R., Lean, M. , Barnes, A., McCombie, L., Thom, G. , Brosnahan, N. , Leslie, W. S. and Sniehotta, F. F. (2022) Delivering the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) in primary care: experiences of healthcare professionals. Diabetic Medicine, 39(3), e14752. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14752) (PMID:34837259)

Churuangsuk, C. , Hall, J., Reynolds, A., Griffin, S. J., Combet, E. and Lean, M. E.J. (2022) Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission. Diabetologia, 65(1), pp. 14-36. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05577-2) (PMID:34796367)

Jesuthasan, A., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Peters, C., Barnes, A. C., Hollingsworth, K. G., Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. , Taylor, R. and Al-Mrabeh, A. H. (2022) Sex differences in intraorgan fat levels and hepatic lipid metabolism: implications for cardiovascular health and remission of type 2 diabetes after dietary weight loss. Diabetologia, 65(1), pp. 226-233. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05583-4) (PMID:34657182) (PMCID:PMC8660759)

Rehackova, L. et al. (2022) Participant experiences in the Diabetes REmission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetic Medicine, 39(1), e14689. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14689) (PMID:34519099)

2021

Lean, M. E.J. (2021) Banting Memorial Lecture 2021 Banting, banting, banter and bravado: convictions meet evidence in the scientific process. Diabetic Medicine, 38(11), e14643. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14643) (PMID:34288105)

Leslie, W. S. et al. (2021) Antihypertensive medication needs and blood pressure control with weight loss in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetologia, 64(9), pp. 1927-1938. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05471-x) (PMID:34056684)

Mackenzie, R. M. et al. (2021) SurgiCal Obesity Treatment Study (SCOTS): a prospective, observational cohort study on health and socioeconomic burden in treatment-seeking individuals with severe obesity in Scotland, UK. BMJ Open, 11(8), e046441. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046441) (PMID:34446484)

Thom, G. et al. (2021) Predictors of type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetic Medicine, 38(8), e14395. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14395) (PMID:32870520)

Brosnahan, N. , Leslie, W., McCombie, L., Barnes, A., Thom, G. , McConnachie, A. , Messow, C. M. , Sattar, N. , Taylor, R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2021) Brief formula low‐energy‐diet for relapse management during weight loss maintenance in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(3), pp. 472-479. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12839) (PMID:33406285)

Lopes, S., Meincke, H. H., Lamotte, M., Olivieri, A.‐V. and Lean, M. E.J. (2021) A novel decision model to predict the impact of weight management interventions: the Core Obesity Model. Obesity Science and Practice, 7(3), pp. 269-280. (doi: 10.1002/osp4.495) (PMID:34123394) (PMCID:PMC8170577)

Dick, K., Schneider, J. E., Briggs, A. , Lecomte, P., Regnier, S. A. and Lean, M. (2021) Mendelian randomization: estimation of inpatient hospital costs attributable to obesity. Health Economics Review, 11, 16. (doi: 10.1186/s13561-021-00314-2) (PMID:33990897) (PMCID:PMC8122556)

Wharton, S., Astrup, A., Endahl, L., Lean, M. E.J. , Satylganova, A., Skovgaard, D., Wadden, T. A. and Wilding, J. P.H. (2021) Estimating and reporting treatment effects in clinical trials for weight management: using estimands to interpret effects of intercurrent events and missing data. International Journal of Obesity, 45(5), pp. 923-933. (doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00733-x) (PMID:33462358) (PMCID:PMC8081661)

Thom, G. et al. (2021) Weight loss induced increase in fasting ghrelin concentration is a predictor of weight regain: evidence from the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 23(3), pp. 711-719. (doi: 10.1111/dom.14274) (PMID:33369058)

Bhopal, R. et al. (2021) Diabetes incidence in a high-risk UK population at 7 years: linkage of the Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial to the Scottish Diabetes Register. Diabetic Medicine, 38(2), e14369. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14369) (PMID:32738831)

Thom, G. , Lean, M. E.J. , Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Malkova, D. and Dombrowski, S. U. (2021) ‘I have been all in, I have been all out and I have been everything in-between’: a 2-year longitudinal qualitative study of weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(1), pp. 199-214. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12826) (PMID:33089558)

2020

Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., Shaw, J. A.M., McConnachie, A. , Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. and Taylor, R. (2020) 2-year remission of type 2 diabetes and pancreas morphology: a post-hoc analysis of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 8(12), pp. 939-948. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30303-X) (PMID:33031736)

Tsofliou, F., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Lara, J., Hadjicharalambous, M., Macdonald, I. A., Wallace, M. A. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) The effects of moderate alterations in adrenergic activity on acute appetite regulation in obese women: a randomised crossover trial. Nutrition and Health, 26(4), pp. 311-322. (doi: 10.1177/0260106020942117) (PMID:32729763)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(4), pp. 498-513. (doi: 10.1017/S0029665120000105) (PMID:32131904)

Xin, Y. , Davies, A., Briggs, A. , McCombie, L., Messow, C. M. , Grieve, E. , Leslie, W. S., Taylor, R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Type 2 diabetes remission: 2 year within-trial and lifetime-horizon cost-effectiveness of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)/Counterweight-Plus weight management programme. Diabetologia, 63, pp. 2112-2122. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05224-2) (PMID:32776237) (PMCID:PMC7476973)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Carbohydrate knowledge, dietary guideline awareness, motivations and beliefs underlying low-carbohydrate dietary behaviours. Scientific Reports, 10, 14423. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70905-2) (PMID:32879368) (PMCID:PMC7468104)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes are associated with higher hemoglobin A1c: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2016. European Journal of Nutrition, 59, pp. 2771-2782. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02122-1) (PMID:31686204) (PMCID:PMC7413867)

Thom, G. , Dombrowski, S. U., Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Lopez-Gonzalez, M. R., Roditi, G., Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) Response to comments on "The role of appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress in long-term weight-loss maintenance: a mixed methods study". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(7), pp. 1115-1116. (doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0651-2) (PMID:32393752)

Han, T. S., Gallis, T. G., Sharma, P. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Secular trends in adiposity and musculoskeletal dimensions of elite heavyweight boxers between 1889 and 2019. Sport Sciences for Health, 16, pp. 249-255. (doi: 10.1007/s11332-019-00598-2)

Han, T. S., Gabe, J., Sharma, P. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Life expectancy of white and non-white elite heavyweight boxers. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 7, pp. 281-289. (doi: 10.1007/s40615-019-00656-y) (PMID:31797308) (PMCID:PMC7064515)

Thom, G. , Dombrowski, S. U., Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Rosario Lopez-Gonzalez, M., Roditi, G., Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) The role of appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress in long-term weight-loss maintenance: a mixed-methods study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(4), pp. 622-632. (doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0568-9) (PMID:32020057)

Williamson, K. , Nimegeer, A. and Lean, M. (2020) Rising prevalence of BMI ≥40kg/m2: a high-demand epidemic needing better documentation. Obesity Reviews, 21(4), e12986. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12986) (PMID:32017386) (PMCID:PMC7078951)

Zhyzhneuskaya, S. V., Al-Mrabeh, A., Peters, C., Barnes, A., Aribisala, B., Hollingsworth, K. G., McConnachie, A. , Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. and Taylor, R. (2020) Time course of normalization of functional β-cell capacity in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial after weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 43(4), pp. 813-820. (doi: 10.2337/dc19-0371) (PMID:32060017)

Papamargaritis, D. et al. (2020) Effectiveness and cost of integrating a pragmatic pathway for prescribing liraglutide 3.0 mg in obesity services (STRIVE study): study protocol of an open-label, real-world, randomised, controlled trial. BMJ Open, 10(2), e034137. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034137) (PMID:32060156)

Al-Mrabeh, A. et al. (2020) Hepatic lipoprotein export and remission of human type 2 diabetes after weight loss. Cell Metabolism, 31(2), 233-249.e4. (doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.018) (PMID:31866441)

Nikolaou, C. K., Robinson, T. N., Sim, K. A. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Turning the tables on obesity: young people, IT and social movements. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(2), pp. 117-122. (doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0288-1) (PMID:31784715)

Thom, G. , Gerasimidis, K. , Rizou, E., Alfheeaid, H. , Barwell, N., Manthou, E., Fatima, S., Gill, J. M.R. , Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) Validity of predictive equations to estimate RMR in females with varying BMI. Journal of Nutritional Science, 9, e17. (doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.11)

2019

Hopkins, M.D., Taylor, R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) The DiRECT principles: giving Type 2 diabetes remission programmes the best chance of success. Diabetic Medicine, 36(12), pp. 1703-1704. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14126) (PMID:31483884)

Lean, M. , McCombie, L. and McSorely, J. (2019) Trends in type 2 diabetes. British Medical Journal, 366, l5407. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5407) (PMID:31511237)

Nikolaou, C. K., Tay, Z., Leu, J., Rebello, S. A., Te Morenga, L., Van Dam, R. M. and Lean, M. E. J. (2019) Young people’s attitudes and motivations toward social media and mobile apps for weight control: mixed methods study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(10), e11205. (doi: 10.2196/11205)

Han, T.S., Al-Gindan, Y.Y., Govan, L. , Hankey, C.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults. Acta Diabetologica, 56(8), pp. 947-954. (doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01328-3) (PMID:30927105) (PMCID:PMC6597601)

Churuangsuk, C. , Griffiths, D., Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2019) Impacts of carbohydrate-restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 20(8), pp. 1132-1147. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12857) (PMID:31006978)

Xin, Y. , Davies, A., McCombie, L., Briggs, A. , Messow, C.-M. , Grieve, E. , Leslie, W.S., Taylor, R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Type 2 diabetes remission: economic evaluation of the DiRECT/Counterweight‐Plus weight management programme within a primary care randomized controlled trial. Diabetic Medicine, 36(8), pp. 1003-1012. (doi: 10.1111/dme.13981) (PMID:31026353)

Lisk, R., Uddin, M., Parbhoo, A., Yeong, K., Fluck, D., Sharma, P., Lean, M. E.J. and Han, T. S. (2019) Predictive model of length of stay in hospital among older patients. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(7), pp. 993-999. (doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-1033-7) (PMID:30191455) (PMCID:PMC6589144)

Jing, Y., Han, T. S., Alkhalaf, M. M. and Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Attenuation of the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and diabetes risk by adiposity adjustment: a secondary analysis of national health survey data. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(4), pp. 1703-1710. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1716-z) (PMID:29766286) (PMCID:PMC6561981)

Lean, M. E.J. and Sattar, N. (2019) Da Qing 30 years on: more reasons to extend diabetes prevention. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(6), pp. 417-419. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30138-X) (PMID:31031111)

McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Ross, H., Bell-Higgs, A., Govan, L. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Filling the intervention gap: service evaluation of an intensive nonsurgical weight management programme for severe and complex obesity. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(3), pp. 329-337. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12611) (PMID:30565772)

Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Low-calorie diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), pp. 251-252. (doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0186-6) (PMID:30833703)

Lean, M. E.J. et al. (2019) Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(5), pp. 344-355. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30068-3) (PMID:30852132)

Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Management of obesity and overweight. Medicine, 47(3), pp. 175-183. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.12.008)

Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Principles of human nutrition. Medicine, 47(3), pp. 140-144. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.12.014)

Xin, Y. , Davies, A., McCombie, L., Briggs, A. , Messow, C.-M. , Grieve, E. , Leslie, W. S., Taylor, R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Within-trial cost and 1-year cost-effectiveness of the DiRECT/Counterweight-Plus weight-management programme to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(3), pp. 169-172. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30346-2) (PMID:30581081)

Angelopoulou, K., Leslie, W., McCombie, L., Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2019) Diabetes and travel insurance costs: let's talk about remission. Practical Diabetes, 36(1), pp. 20-21. (doi: 10.1002/pdi.2205)

Han, T. S., Al-Gindan, Y. Y., Govan, L. , Hankey, C. R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Associations of body fat and skeletal muscle with hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 21(2), pp. 230-238. (doi: 10.1111/jch.13456) (PMID:30525280)

2018

Churuangsuk, C. , Kherouf, M., Combet, E. and Lean, M. (2018) Low-carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews. Obesity Reviews, 19(12), pp. 1700-1718. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12744) (PMID:30194696)

Lean, M.E.J. , Vlachou, P., Govan, L. and Han, T.S. (2018) Different associations between body composition and alcohol when assessed by exposure frequency or by quantitative estimates of consumption. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 31(6), pp. 747-757. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12583) (PMID:30009480)

Celis-Morales, C.A. et al. (2018) Associations of dietary protein intake with fat free mass and grip strength: cross-sectional study in 146,816 UK Biobank participants. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(11), pp. 2405-2414. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy134) (PMID:29961893)

Han, T. S., Lean, M. E.J. , Fluck, D., Affley, B., Gulli, G., Patel, T., Barrett, C., Kakar, P., Sharma, S. and Sharma, P. (2018) Impact of delay in early swallow screening on pneumonia, length of stay in hospital, disability and mortality in acute stroke patients. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(11), pp. 1548-1554. (doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0148-4) (PMID:29588528)

Taylor, R., Adamson, A. J., Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. and Mathers, J. C. (2018) VLCD for weight loss and remission of type 2 diabetes? - Authors' reply. Lancet, 392(10155), p. 1307. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31892-0) (PMID:30322575)

Taylor, R., Al-Mrabeh, A., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Peters, C., Barnes, A. C., Aribisala, B. S., Hollingsworth, K. G., Mathers, J., Sattar, N. and Lean, M. E.J. (2018) Remission of human type 2 diabetes requires decrease in liver and pancreas fat content but is dependent upon capacity for beta cell recovery. Cell Metabolism, 28, pp. 1-10. (doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.003) (PMID:30078554)

Rastrelli, G. et al. (2018) Symptomatic androgen deficiency develops only when both total and free testosterone decline in obese men who may have incident biochemical secondary hypogonadism: prospective results from the EMAS. Clinical Endocrinology, 89(4), pp. 459-469. (doi: 10.1111/cen.13756) (PMID:29855071)

Lean, M. E.J. , Garcia, A. and Gill, T. (2018) Sugar taxation: a good start but not the place to finish. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 108(3), pp. 435-436. (doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy211)

Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2018) Keeping it off: the challenge of weight-loss maintenance. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 6(9), pp. 681-683. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30405-9) (PMID:29371077)

Bouga, M., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2018) Contemporary challenges to iodine status and nutrition: the role of foods, dietary recommendations, fortification and supplementation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 77(3), pp. 302-313. (doi: 10.1017/S0029665118000137) (PMID:29704906)

Lean, M. and Campbell, A. (2018) Is research in jails the way to end wars over dietary guidance? [Website]

Lean, M. E.J. , Astrup, A. and Roberts, S. B. (2018) Making progress on the global crisis of obesity and weight management. British Medical Journal, 361, k2538. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2538) (PMID:29898885) (PMCID:PMC5997033)

Bouga, M., Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2018) Iodine and pregnancy – a qualitative study focusing on dietary guidance and information. Nutrients, 10(4), 408. (doi: 10.3390/nu10040408) (PMID:29587423)

Eendebak, R. J.A.H. et al. (2018) Elevated luteinizing hormone despite normal testosterone levels in older men - natural history, risk factors, and clinical features. Clinical Endocrinology, 88(3), pp. 479-490. (doi: 10.1111/cen.13524) (PMID:29178359)

Taylor, R. et al. (2018) Clinical and metabolic features of the randomised controlled Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) cohort. Diabetologia, 61(3), pp. 589-598. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4503-0) (PMID:29188339)

Lean, M. E.J. et al. (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet, 391(10120), pp. 541-551. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1) (PMID:29221645)

Harris, L. et al. (2018) Intermittent fasting interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults aged 18 years and over: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 16(2), pp. 507-547. (doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248) (PMID:29419624)

Swiecicka, A. et al. (2018) Reproductive hormone levels predict changes in frailty status in community-dwelling older men: European Male Ageing Study prospective data. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 103(2), pp. 701-709. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01172) (PMID:29186457)

Kopelman, P., Hughes, A., Hankey, C., Lean, M. , Gahagan, A. and Stewart, L. (2018) Introduction. In: Hankey, C. and Whelan, K. (eds.) Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity. Series: Advanced nutrition and dietetics (BDA). Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, pp. 1-37. ISBN 9780470670767 (doi: 10.1002/9781118857991.ch1)

2017

Lean, M. (2017) Diagnostic criteria and assessment of obesity in adults. In: Hankey, C. and Whelan, K. (eds.) Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity. Wiley Blackwell, pp. 24-30. ISBN 9780470670767

Alhassan, A., Young, J., Lean, M. E.J. and Lara, J. (2017) Consumption of fish and vascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Atherosclerosis, 266, pp. 87-94. (doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.09.028) (PMID:28992469)

Nikolaou, C. K., Hankey, C. R. and Lean, M. E. J. (2017) Accuracy of on-line self-reported weights and heights by young adults. European Journal of Public Health, 27(5), pp. 898-903. (doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx077) (PMID:28633350)

McCombie, L., Leslie, W., Taylor, R., Kennon, B., Sattar, N. and Lean, M. E.J. (2017) Beating type 2 diabetes into remission. British Medical Journal, 358, j4030. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.j4030) (PMID:28903916)

Overman, M. J. et al. (2017) Evaluation of cognitive subdomains, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(6), pp. 2093-2103. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1247-4) (PMID:27370643)

Kapoor, A., Prakash, V., Sekhar, M., Greenfield, D. M., Hatton, M., Lean, M. E.J. , Sharma, P. and Han, T. S. (2017) Monitoring risk factors of cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. Clinical Medicine, 17(4), pp. 293-297. (doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-4-293) (PMID:28765402)

Swiecicka, A. et al. (2017) Nonandrogenic anabolic hormones predict risk of frailty: European male ageing study prospective data. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 102(8), pp. 2798-2806. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00090) (PMID:28609827)

Pereira-Caro, G., Moreno-Rojas, J. M., Brindani, N., Del Rio, D., Lean, M. E.J. , Hara, Y. and Crozier, A. (2017) Bioavailability of black tea theaflavins: absorption, metabolism, and colonic catabolism. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(26), pp. 5365-5374. (doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01707) (PMID:28595385)

Cook, M. J. et al. (2017) Frailty and bone health in European men. Age and Ageing, 46(4), pp. 635-641. (doi: 10.1093/ageing/afw205) (PMID:27852598)

Dobbin, S.J.H. , Petrie, J.R. , Lean, M.E.J. and McKay, G.A. (2017) Fludrocortisone therapy for persistent hyperkalaemia. Diabetic Medicine, 34(7), pp. 1005-1008. (doi: 10.1111/dme.13359) (PMID:28375568)

Overman, M. J. et al. (2017) Glycemia but not the metabolic syndrome is associated with cognitive decline: findings from the European Male Ageing Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(6), pp. 662-671. (doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.02.004) (PMID:28259698)

Thom, G. and Lean, M. (2017) Is there an optimal diet for weight management and metabolic health? Gastroenterology, 152(7), pp. 1739-1751. (doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.056) (PMID:28214525)

Tigbe, W. W., Granat, M. H., Sattar, N. and Lean, M. E.J. (2017) Time spent in sedentary posture is associated with waist circumference and cardiovascular risk. International Journal of Obesity, 41, p. 689696. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.30) (PMID:28138134)

le Roux, C. W. et al. (2017) 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet, 389(10077), pp. 1399-1409. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30069-7) (PMID:28237263)

Nikolaou, C. K., Hankey, C. R. and Lean, M. E. J. (2017) Nutritional adequacy of meals from an independent catering facility versus chain restaurants for young adults. Nutrition and Health, 23(1), pp. 51-56. (doi: 10.1177/0260106016689564) (PMID:28176548)

Nikolaou, C. K., McPartland, M., Demkova, L. and Lean, M. E.J. (2017) Supersize the label: The effect of prominent calorie labeling on sales. Nutrition, 35, pp. 112-113. (doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.006) (PMID:28241977)

Han, T. S. et al. (2017) Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS). Endocrine, 55(2), pp. 456-469. (doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1135-y) (PMID:27734258) (PMCID:PMC5272876)

Little, P. et al. (2017) Randomised controlled trial and economic analysis of an internet-based weight management programme: POWeR+ (Positive Online Weight Reduction). Health Technology Assessment, 21(4), (doi: 10.3310/hta21040) (PMID:28122658)

Leslie, W.S., Taylor, R., Harris, L. and Lean, M.E.J. (2017) Weight losses with low energy formula diets in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 41(1), pp. 96-101. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.175) (PMID:27698345)

Nikolaou, C.K. and Lean, M.E.J. (2017) Mobile applications for obesity and weight management: current market characteristics. International Journal of Obesity, 41(1), pp. 200-202. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.186) (PMID:27780974)

Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2017) Barasi's Human Nutrition: A Health Perspective [3rd Edition]. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton. ISBN 9781444137200

Palma Duran, S. A., Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M. , Govan, L. and Combet, E. (2017) Nutritional intervention and impact of polyphenol on glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects: systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(5), pp. 975-986. (doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.973932) (PMID:25746842)

2016

Eendebak, R. J.A.H. et al. (2016) The androgen receptor gene CAG repeat in relation to 4-year changes in androgen-sensitive endpoints in community-dwelling older European men. European Journal of Endocrinology, 175(6), pp. 583-593. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0447) (PMID:27634944)

Ahern, T. et al. (2016) Natural history, risk factors and clinical features of primary hypogonadism in ageing men: longitudinal data from the European Male Ageing Study. Clinical Endocrinology, 85(6), pp. 891-901. (doi: 10.1111/cen.13152)

Gasch, M., Dunleavy, G. J., Kyaw, B. M., Lean, M. E.J. and Nikolaou, C. K. (2016) Personalized health, eLearning, and mHealth interventions to improve nutritional status. Current Nutrition Reports, 5(4), pp. 295-306. (doi: 10.1007/s13668-016-0184-4)

Lean, M. E.J. and Te Morenga, L. (2016) Sugar and Type 2 diabetes. British Medical Bulletin, 120(1), pp. 43-53. (doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldw037) (PMID:27707695)

Peeters, A., Tanamas, S., Gearon, E., Al-Gindan, Y. and Lean, M. E.J. (2016) Beyond BMI: how to capture influences from body composition in health surveys. Current Nutrition Reports, 5(4), pp. 286-294. (doi: 10.1007/s13668-016-0183-5)

Thom, G. and Lean, M. (2016) Who wants weight loss? What do they need? Time to re-think non-surgical approaches in obesity management. Clinical Obesity, 6(6), pp. 361-364. (doi: 10.1111/cob.12172) (PMID:27984851)

Laurent, M. R. et al. (2016) Lower bone turnover and relative bone deficits in men with metabolic syndrome: a matter of insulin sensitivity? The European Male Ageing Study. Osteoporosis International, 27(11), pp. 3227-3237. (doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3656-x) (PMID:27273111)

Nikolaou, C. K. and Lean, M. E.J. (2016) Compulsory calorie labelling of foods. A response to ‘Food for thought: obstacles to menu labelling in restaurants and cafeterias’ by E Thomas. Public Health Nutrition, 19(12), pp. 2190-2191. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002736) (PMID:26391863)

Antonio, L. et al. (2016) Low free testosterone is associated with hypogonadal signs and symptoms in men with normal total testosterone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 101(7), pp. 2647-2657. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-4106) (PMID:26909800)

Castellini, G. et al. (2016) Interactions between depression and lower urinary tract symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(6), pp. 758-769. (doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000328) (PMID:27057816)

Vlassopoulos, A. and Lean, M. E.J. (2016) Unraveling the effect of adiposity on health: The epidemiology paradoxes. Obesity, 24(6), p. 1212. (doi: 10.1002/oby.21530) (PMID:27134019)

Welsh, P. et al. (2016) Associations between weight change and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in South Asians: secondary analyses of the PODOSA Trial. International Journal of Obesity, 40(6), pp. 1005-1011. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.35) (PMID:26927315) (PMCID:PMC4892347)

Han, T. S. and Lean, M. E.J. (2016) A clinical perspective of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. JRSM Cardiovascular Disease, 5, pp. 1-13. (doi: 10.1177/2048004016633371) (PMID:26998259) (PMCID:PMC4780070)

Mullan, A., Delles, C. , Ferrell, W., Mullen, W. , Edwards, C. A. , McColl, J. H. , Roberts, S. A. and Lean, M. (2016) Effects of a beverage rich in (poly)phenols on established and novel risk markers for vascular disease in medically uncomplicated overweight or obese subjects: A four week randomized trial. Atherosclerosis, 246, pp. 169-176. (doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.004) (PMID:26797134)

Nikolaou, C.K., Hankey, C.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2016) Effects of calorie labelling on macro- and micro-nutrients in main-meal choices made by young adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(3), pp. 386-392. (doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.175) (PMID:26486302)

Lara, J. and Lean, M. (2016) Salmon and vascular risk in young healthy subjects. In: Fish and Fish Oil in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press, pp. 207-215. ISBN 9780128028445 (doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802844-5.00019-1)

Lean, M.E.J. and Malkova, D. (2016) Altered gut and adipose tissue hormones in overweight and obese individuals: cause or consequence? International Journal of Obesity, 40(4), pp. 622-632. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.220) (PMID:26499438) (PMCID:PMC4827002)

Leslie, W. S. et al. (2016) The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT): protocol for a cluster randomised trial. BMC Family Practice, 17(1), (doi: 10.1186/s12875-016-0406-2) (PMID:26879684) (PMCID:PMC4754868)

Little, P. et al. (2016) An internet-based intervention with brief nurse support to manage obesity in primary care (POWeR+): a pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 4(10), pp. 821-828. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30099-7)

Tanamas, S. K., Lean, M. E. J. , Combet, E. , Vlassopoulos, A., Zimmet, P. Z. and Peeters, A. (2016) Changing guards: time to move beyond Body Mass Index for population monitoring of excess adiposity. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 109(7), pp. 443-446. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv201) (PMID:26527773)

2015

Al-Gindan, Y., Hankey, C. R., Govan, L. , Gallagher, D., Heymsfield, S. and Lean, M. E.J. (2015) Derivation and validation of simple anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue mass and total fat mass with MRI as the reference method. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(11), pp. 1852-1867. (doi: 10.1017/s0007114515003670) (PMID:26435103)

Ludwig, I. A., Mena, P., Calani, L., Borges, G., Pereira-Caro, G., Bresciani, L., Del Rio, D., Lean, M. E. J. and Crozier, A. (2015) New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 89, pp. 758-769. (doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.400) (PMID:26475039)

Nikolaou, C.-K., Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2015) Elearning approaches to prevent weight gain in young adults: A randomized controlled study. Obesity, 23(12), pp. 2377-2384. (doi: 10.1002/oby.21237) (PMID:26538383)

Rastrelli, G. et al. (2015) Development of and recovery from secondary hypogonadism in aging Men: Prospective results from the EMAS. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 100(8), pp. 3172-3182. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1571) (PMID:26000545)

Combet, E. , Bouga, M., Pan, B., Lean, M.E.J. and Christopher, C.O. (2015) Iodine and pregnancy – a UK cross-sectional survey of dietary intake, knowledge and awareness. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(1), pp. 108-117. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114515001464) (PMID:26005740)

Pye, S. R. et al. (2015) Low heel ultrasound parameters predict mortality in men: results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Age and Ageing, 44(5), pp. 801-807. (doi: 10.1093/ageing/afv073) (PMID:26162912) (PMCID:PMC4547925)

Antonio, L. et al. (2015) Associations between sex steroids and the development of metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal study in European men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 100(4), pp. 1396-1404. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-4184) (PMID:25636052)

Nikolaou, C.K., Hankey, C.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2015) Calorie-labelling: does it impact on calorie purchase in catering outlets and the views of young adults? International Journal of Obesity, 39(3), pp. 542-545. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.162) (PMID:25174452)

Han, T. S. and Lean, M. E.J. (2015) Metabolic syndrome. Medicine, 43(2), pp. 80-87. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.11.006)

Lean, M. E.J. (2015) Management of obesity and overweight. Medicine, 43(2), pp. 94-100. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.11.008)

Lean, M. E.J. (2015) Principles of human nutrition. Medicine, 43(2), pp. 61-65. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.11.009)

McCombie, L., Lean, M. E.J. and Tigbe, W. W. (2015) Cost-effectiveness of obesity treatment. Medicine, 43(2), pp. 104-107. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.11.007)

Wiseman, M. J. and Lean, M. E.J. (2015) Nutritional surveillance and policy. Medicine, 43(2), pp. 132-134. (doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.11.010)

Han, T.S. et al. (2015) Associations of obesity with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in middle-aged and elderly men: European Male Aging Study (EMAS). European Journal of Endocrinology, 172(1), pp. 59-67. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-0739) (PMID:25326134)

Buckton, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2015) 'Language is the source of misunderstandings'–impact of terminology on public perceptions of health promotion messages. BMC Public Health, 15, 579. (doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1884-1)

Han, T.S., Hart, C.L. , Haig, C. , Logue, J. , Upton, M.N., Watt, G.C.M. and Lean, M.E.J. (2015) Contributions of maternal and paternal adiposity and smoking to adult offspring adiposity and cardiovascular risk: the midspan family study. BMJ Open, 5(11), e007682. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007682) (PMID:26525718) (PMCID:PMC4636631)

Logue, J. et al. (2015) SurgiCal Obesity Treatment Study (SCOTS): protocol for a national prospective cohort study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery in Scotland. BMJ Open, 5(5), e008106. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008106) (PMID:26002692) (PMCID:PMC4442215)

Nikolaou, C.K., Hankey, C.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2015) Weight changes in young adults: a mixed-methods study. International Journal of Obesity, 39(3), pp. 508-513. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.160) (PMID:25152239)

2014

Nikolaou, C. K., Hankey, C. R. and Lean, M. E. J. (2014) Preventing weight gain with calorie-labeling. Obesity, 22(11), pp. 2277-2283. (doi: 10.1002/oby.20885) (PMID:5376394)

Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2014) Protein–phenolic interactions and inhibition of glycation – combining a systematic review and experimental models for enhanced physiological relevance. Food and Function, 5(10), pp. 2646-2655. (doi: 10.1039/C4FO00568F)

Al-Gindan, Y. Y., Hankey, C., Govan, L. , Gallagher, D., Heymsfield, S. B. and Lean, M. E.J. (2014) Derivation and validation of simple equations to predict total muscle mass from simple anthropometric and demographic data. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(4), pp. 1041-1051. (doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.070466)

Bentmar Holgersson, M. et al. (2014) Androgen receptor polymorphism-dependent variation in prostate-specific antigen concentrations of European men. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 23(10), pp. 2048-2056. (doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0376) (PMID:25012998)

Nikolaou, C. K., Lean, M. E.J. and Hankey, C. R. (2014) Calorie-labelling in catering outlets: acceptability and impacts on food sales. Preventive Medicine, 67, pp. 160-165. (doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.027)

Lean, M. , Watt, G., Bishop, H., Mullin, A. and Barker, K. (2014) Privatisation of the Scottish NHS: TTIP and independence. Lancet, 384(9947), e38. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61408-2)

Ludwig, I. A., Clifford, M. N., Lean, M. E.J. , Ashihara, H. and Crozier, A. (2014) Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health. Food and Function, 5(8), pp. 1695-1717. (doi: 10.1039/c4fo00042k)

Ludwig, I. A., Mena, P., Cid, C., Del Rio, D., Lean, M. and Crozier, A. (2014) Variations in caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents of coffees: what are we drinking? Food and Function, 5(8), pp. 1718-1726. (doi: 10.1039/c4fo00290c)

Leslie, W. S., Eunson, J., Murray, L., Lean, M. E. and Hankey, C. R. (2014) What, not just salad and veg? Consumer testing of the eatwell week. Public Health Nutrition, 17(7), pp. 1640-1646. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001663)

Vlassopoulos, A., Combet, E. and Lean, M. (2014) Changing distributions of body size and adiposity with age. International Journal of Obesity, 38(6), pp. 857-864. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.216) (PMID:24247373)

Lean, M. , Carraro, R., Finer, N., Hartvig, H., Lindegaard, M., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L. and Astrup, A. (2014) Tolerability of nausea and vomiting and associations with weight loss in a randomized trial of liraglutide in obese, non-diabetic adults. International Journal of Obesity, 38(5), pp. 689-697. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.149) (PMID:23942319) (PMCID:PMC4010971)

Yardley, L. et al. (2014) Randomised controlled feasibility trial of a web-based weight management intervention with nurse support for obese patients in primary care. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), p. 67. (doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-67)

Pye, S.R. et al. (2014) Late-onset hypogonadism and mortality in aging men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 99(4), pp. 1357-1366. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2052) (PMID:24423283)

Bhopal, R. S. et al. (2014) Effect of a lifestyle intervention on weight change in south Asian individuals in the UK at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a family-cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2(3), pp. 218-227. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70204-3)

Al-Gindan, Y.Y., Hankey, C.R., Leslie, W., Govan, L. and Lean, M.E. (2014) Predicting muscle mass from anthropometry using magnetic resonance imaging as reference: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 72(2), pp. 113-126. (doi: 10.1111/nure.12096)

Haddad, P. M., Fleischhacker, W. W., Peuskens, J., Cavallaro, R., Lean, M. E.J. , Morozova, M., Reynolds, G., Azorin, J.-M., Thomas, P. and Möller, H.-J. (2014) SMARTS (Systematic Monitoring of Adverse events Related to TreatmentS): The development of a pragmatic patient-completed checklist to assess antipsychotic drug side effects. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 4(1), pp. 15-21. (doi: 10.1177/2045125313510195) (PMID:24490026) (PMCID:PMC3896136)

Combet, E. and Lean, M.E.J. (2014) Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire specific for iodine in UK females of childbearing age. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 27(6), pp. 599-605. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12219)

Combet, E. , Jarlot, A., Aidoo, K. E. and Lean, M. E. J. (2014) Development of a nutritionally balanced pizza as a functional meal designed to meet published dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutrition, 17(11), pp. 2577-2586. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002814)

Combet, E. , Ma, Z. F., Cousins, F., Thompson, B. and Lean, M. E. J. (2014) Low-level seaweed supplementation improves iodine status in iodine-insufficient women. British Journal of Nutrition, 112(5), pp. 753-761. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114514001573)

Lean, M. E.J. (2014) Childhood habits and the obesity epidemic. In: Haslam, D. W., Sharma, A. M. and le Roux, C. W. (eds.) Controversies in Obesity. Springer: London, pp. 31-43. (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2834-2_5)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2014) Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with mortality among middle-aged and older European men. Age and Ageing, 43(4), pp. 528-535. (doi: 10.1093/ageing/aft206) (PMID:24375224)

Morrison, Z., Douglas, A., Bhopal, R., Sheikh, A. and Lean, M. (2014) Understanding experiences of participating in a weight loss lifestyle intervention trial: a qualitative evaluation of South Asians at high risk of diabetes. BMJ Open, 4(6), e004736. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004736)

Pereira-Caro, G., Borges, G., Van Der Hooft, J. , Clifford, M. N., Del Rio, D., Lean, M. E.J. , Roberts, S. A., Kellerhals, M. B. and Crozier, A. (2014) Orange juice (poly)phenols are highly bioavailable in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(5), pp. 1378-1384. (doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.090282)

Wallia, S. et al. (2014) Culturally adapting the prevention of diabetes and obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial. Health Promotion International, 29(4), pp. 768-779. (doi: 10.1093/heapro/dat015)

2013

Leslie, W.S., Woodward, M., Lean, M.E.J. , Theobald, H., Watson, L. and Hankey, C.R. (2013) Improving the dietary intake of under nourished older people in residential care homes using an energy-enriching food approach: a cluster randomised controlled study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 26(4), pp. 387-394. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12020)

Han, T.S., Wu, F.C.W. and Lean, M.E.J. (2013) Obesity and weight management in the elderly: a focus on men. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 27(4), pp. 509-525. (doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.04.012)

Tigbe, W.W., Briggs, A.H. and Lean, M.E.J. (2013) A patient-centred approach to estimate total annual healthcare cost by body mass index in the UK Counterweight programme. International Journal of Obesity, 37(8), pp. 1135-1139. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.186)

Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2013) Role of oxidative stress in physiological albumin glycation: a neglected interaction. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 60, pp. 318-324. (doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.010)

Lean, M.E.J. , Katsarou, C., McLoone, P. and Morrison, D. (2013) Changes in BMI and waist circumference in Scottish adults: use of repeated cross-sectional surveys to explore multiple age groups and birth-cohorts. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), pp. 800-808. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.122)

Ohlsson, C. et al. (2013) Comparisons of immunoassay and mass spectrometry measurements of serum estradiol levels and their influence on clinical association studies in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(6), E1097. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3861)

McKenna, L. A., Drummond, R. S., Drummond, S., Talwar, D. and Lean, M. E.J. (2013) Seeing double: the low-carb diet. British Medical Journal, 2013(346), f2563. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2563)

Leslie, W.S., Comrie, F., Lean, M.E.J. and Hankey, C.R. (2013) Designing the eatwell week: the application of eatwell plate advice to weekly food intake. Public Health Nutrition, 16(05), pp. 795-802. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004193)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2013) Cohort profile: The European Male Ageing Study. International Journal Epidemiology, 42(2), pp. 391-401. (doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr234)

Vanderschueren, D. et al. (2013) Active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and bone health in middle-aged and elderly men: the European male aging study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(3), pp. 995-1005. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2772)

Camacho, E.M. et al. (2013) Age-associated changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in middle-aged and older men are modified by weight change and lifestyle factors: longitudinal results from the European male ageing study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(3), pp. 445-455. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0890)

Lean, M.E.J. et al. (2013) Feasibility and indicative results from a 12 month low-energy-liquid-diet treatment and maintenance programme for severe obesity. British Journal of General Practice, 63(607), pp. 115-124. (doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X663073)

Borges, G., Lean, M.E.J. , Roberts, S.A. and Crozier, A. (2013) Bioavailability of dietary (poly)phenols: a study with ileostomists to discriminate between absorption in small and large intestine. Food and Function, 2013(4), pp. 754-762. (doi: 10.1039/c3fo60024f)

Burton, R. F. and Lean, M. E.J. (2013) Waist circumference cannot be improved as an index of abdominal visceral fatness by combining it with correlates of abdominal subcutaneous fat or non-fat tissue. International Journal of Body Composition Research, 11(3-4), pp. 77-84.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E., Yang, H.-C. and Lean, M. (2013) The disproportionate economic burden associated with severe and complicated obesity: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 14(11), pp. 883-894. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12059)

Lean, M.I.F.A., Lean, M.E.J. , Yajnik, C.S., Bhat, D., Joshi, S.M., Raut, D.A., Lubree, H.G. and Combet, E. (2013) Iodine status during pregnancy in India and related neonatal and infant outcomes. Public Health Nutrition, 17(6), pp. 1353-1362. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001201) (PMID:23659491)

Rutter, M.K. et al. (2013) Epidemiological evidence against a role for C-reactive protein causing leptin resistance. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(1), pp. 101-106. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0348)

Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2013) Influence of smoking and diet on glycated haemoglobin and 'pre-diabetes' categorisation: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health, 13(1013), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1013)

2012

Celnik, D., Gillespie, L. and Lean, M.E.J. (2012) Time-scarcity, ready-meals, ill-health and the obesity epidemic. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 27(1), pp. 4-11. (doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.06.001)

Brown, G., Lean, M.E.J. and Hankey, C.R. (2012) Reproducibility of twenty-four hour post exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(02), pp. 191-194. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005575)

Huhtaniemi, I.T. et al. (2012) Comparison of serum testosterone and estradiol measurements in 3174 European men using platform immunoassay and mass spectrometry; relevance for the diagnostics in aging men. European Journal of Endocrinology, 166(6), pp. 983-991. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-1051)

McCombie, L., Lean, M. and Haslam, D. (2012) Effective UK weight management services for adults. Clinical Obesity, 2(3-4), pp. 96-102. (doi: 10.1111/j.1758-8111.2012.00049.x)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2012) Association of hypogonadism with vitamin D status: the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 166(1), pp. 77-85. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0743)

Johnson, P.C.D. , Logue, J. , McConnachie, A. , Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Hart, C. , Upton, M.N., Lean, M.E.J. , Sattar, N. and Watt, G. (2012) Intergenerational change and familial aggregation of body mass index. European Journal of Epidemiology, 27(1), pp. 53-61. (doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9639-5)

Astrup, A. et al. (2012) Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. International Journal of Obesity, 36(6), pp. 843-854. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.158)

Corona, G. et al. (2012) Thyroid hormones and male sexual function. International Journal of Andrology, 35(5), pp. 668-679. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01266.x)

Counterweight Project Team, et al. (2012) The implementation of the Counterweight Programme in Scotland, UK. Family Practice, 29(suppl), i139-i144. (doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmr074) (PMID:22399544)

Crozier, T.W.M., Stalmach, A. , Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2012) Espresso coffees, caffeine and chlorogenic acid intake: potential health implications. Food and Function, 3(1), pp. 30-33. (doi: 10.1039/C1FO10240K)

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Estimating the Extent of the Morbidly Obese Population in Scotland. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Literature Review of the Economic Burden Associated with Severe and Complicated Obesity. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Statistical Analysis to Establish the Economic Burden Associated with Severe and Complicated Obesity. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Koshy, P., Mackenzie, M. , Leslie, W., Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2012) Eating the elephant whole or in slices: views of participants in a smoking cessation intervention trial on multiple behaviour changes as sequential or concurrent tasks. BMC Public Health, 12(500), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-500)

Lean, M. and Crozier, A. (2012) Coffee, caffeine and health: What's in your cup? Maturitas, 72(3), pp. 171-172. (doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.005)

Lean, M.E.J. , Ashihara, H., Clifford, M. and Crozier, A. (2012) Teas, cocoa and coffee. In: Crozier, A., Ashihara, H. and Tomas-Barberan, F. (eds.) Teas, Cocoa and Coffee: Plant secondary metabolites and health. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: UK, pp. 25-44. ISBN 9781444334418

Lean, M.E.J. , Ashihara, H., Clifford, M.N. and Crozier, A. (2012) Purine alkaloids: a focus on caffeine and related compounds in beverages. In: Crozier, A., Ashihara, H. and Tomás-Barbéran, F. (eds.) Teas, Cocoa and Coffee: Plant Secondary Metabolites and Health. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK, pp. 25-44. ISBN 9781444334418

Leslie, W.S., Koshy, P.R., Mackenzie, M. , Murray, H.M., Boyle, S., Lean, M.E.J. , Walker, A. and Hankey, C.R. (2012) Changes in body weight and food choice in those attempting smoking cessation: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 12(389), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-389)

Tajar, A. et al. (2012) Characteristics of androgen deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97(5), pp. 1508-1516. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2513)

2011

O'Connor, D.B. et al. (2011) The relationships between sex hormones and sexual function in middle-aged and older European men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96(10), e1577-e1587. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-2216)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2011) Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among community-dwelling European men. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(10), pp. 1320-1328. (doi: 10.1177/0269881110379287)

Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Watt, G. and Lean, M.E.J. (2011) Sex distribution of offspring-parents obesity: Angel's hypothesis revisited. Human Biology, 83(4), pp. 523-530. (doi: 10.3378/027.083.0406)

Han, T.S. et al. (2011) Impaired quality of life and sexual function in overweight and obese men: the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 164(6), pp. 1003-1011. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-1129)

Tajar, A. et al. (2011) The effect of musculoskeletal pain on sexual function in middle-aged and elderly European men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp. 370-377. (doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100604)

Combet, E. , Lean, M.E.J. , Boyle, J., Crozier, A. and Davidson, D.F. (2011) Dietary flavonols contribute to false-positive elevation of homovanillic acid, a marker of catecholamine-secreting tumours. Clinica Chimica Acta, 412(1-2), pp. 165-169. (doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.037)

Boonen, S. et al. (2011) Influence of bone remodelling rate on quantitative ultrasound parameters at the calcaneus and DXA BMDa of the hip and spine in middle-aged and elderly European men: the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). European Journal of Endocrinology, 165(6), pp. 977-986. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0353)

Gill, J.M.R. et al. (2011) Sitting time and waist circumference are associated with glycemia in U.K. South Asians: data from 1,228 adults screened for the PODOSA trial. Diabetes Care, 34(5), pp. 1214-1218. (doi: 10.2337/dc10-2313)

Han, T.S., Tajar, A. and Lean, M.E.J. (2011) Obesity and weight management in the elderly. British Medical Bulletin, 97(1), pp. 169-196. (doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr002)

Holliday, K. L. et al. (2011) The ESR1 (6q25) locus is associated with calcaneal ultrasound parameters and radial volumetric bone mineral density in European men. PLoS ONE, 6(7), e22037. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022037) (PMID:21760950) (PMCID:PMC3131390)

Lean, M. (2011) VLED and formula LED in the management of type 2 diabetes: defining the clinical need and research requirements. Clinical Obesity, 1(1), pp. 41-49. (doi: 10.1111/j.1758-8111.2010.00007.x)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) Influence of polymorphisms in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry at the forearm in men. Calcified Tissue International, 89(6), pp. 446-455. (doi: 10.1007/s00223-011-9532-y)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) A validation of the first genome-wide association study of calcaneus ultrasound parameters in the European Male Ageing Study. BMC Medical Genetics, 12, p. 19. (doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-19)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) Polymorphisms in genes involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway are associated with bone mineral density, geometry and turnover in men. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e28031. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028031) (PMID:22132199) (PMCID:PMC3221678)

Tajar, A. et al. (2011) Frailty in Relation to Variations in Hormone Levels of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Older Men: Results From the European Male Aging Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(5), pp. 814-821. (doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03398.x)

Tigbe, W.W., Lean, M.E.J. and Granat, M.H. (2011) A physically active occupation does not result in compensatory inactivity during out-of-work hours. Preventive Medicine, 53(1-2), pp. 48-52. (doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.04.018)

Ward, K.A. et al. (2011) Influence of age and sex steroids on bone density and geometry in middle-aged and elderly European men. Osteoporosis International, 22(5), pp. 1513-1523. (doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1437-5)

2010

Lee, D.M. et al. (2010) Chronic widespread pain is associated with slower cognitive processing speed in middle-aged and older European men. Pain, 151(1), pp. 30-36. (doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.024)

Vanderschueren, D. et al. (2010) Gonadal sex steroid status and bone health in middle aged and elderly European men. Osteoporosis International, 21(8), pp. 1331-1339.

Borges, G., Mullen, W. , Mullan, A., Lean, M. , Roberts, S. and Crozier, A. (2010) Bioavailability of multiple components following acute ingestion of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 54(S2), S268-S277. (doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900611)

Wu, F.C.W. et al. (2010) Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(2), pp. 123-135. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911101)

Counterweight Project Team, et al. (2010) Long-term cost-effectiveness of weight management in primary care. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 775-783. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02349.x)

Del Rio, D., Costa, L.G., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Polyphenols and health: what compounds are involved? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 20(1), pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.015)

Corona, G. et al. (2010) Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(4), pp. 1362-1380. (doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01601.x)

Del Rio, D., Costa, L.G., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Polyphenols and health: What compounds are involved? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 20(1), pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.015)

Huhtaniemi, I. et al. (2010) Effect of polymorphisms in selected genes involved in pituitary-testicular function on reproductive hormones and phenotype in aging men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1898-1908.

Lean, M. (2010) Health consequences of overweight and obesity in adults. In: Crawford, D., Jeffery, R., Ball, K. and Brug, J. (eds.) Obesity Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, pp. 43-58. ISBN 9780199571512

Lean, M. E. J. , Reckless, J. P. D., Finer, N. and McCombie, L. (2010) Counterweight - counter-cost, counter-loss. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 828-829. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02400.x)

Lean, M.E.J. (2010) Childhood obesity: time to shrink a parent. International Journal of Obesity, 34(1), pp. 1-3. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.200)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2010) Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 162(6), pp. 1155-1164. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-09-0970)

McBeth, J. et al. (2010) Musculoskeletal pain is associated with very low levels of vitamin D in men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 69, pp. 1448-1452. (doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.116053)

Mullen, W., Borges, G., Lean, M.E.J., Roberts, S.A. and Crozier, A. (2010) Identification of metabolites in human plasma and urine after consumption of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(4), pp. 2586-2595. (doi: 10.1021/jf904096v)

Pye, S. et al. (2010) Influence of lifestyle factors on quantitative heel ultrasound measurements in middle-aged and elderly men: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Calcified Tissue International, 86(3), pp. 211-219.

Roowi, S., Stalmach, A., Mullen, W., Lean, M., Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2010) Green tea flavan-3-ols: colonic degradation and urinary excretion of catabolites by humans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(2), pp. 1296-1304. (doi: 10.1021/jf9032975)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2010) Genetic variation in the RANK/RANK/OPG signalling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 25(8), pp. 1830-1838. (doi: 10.1002/JBMR.78)

Rouanet, J.-M., Décordé, K., Rio, D.D., Auger, C., Borges, G., Cristol, J.P., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Berry juices, teas, antioxidants and the prevention of atherosclerosis in hamsters. Food Chemistry, 118(2), pp. 266-271. (doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.116)

Tajar, A. et al. (2010) Characteristics of Secondary, Primary, and Compensated Hypogonadism in Aging Men: Evidence from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1810-1818. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1796)

Tajar, A. et al. (2010) Characteristics of primary, secondary and compensated hypogonadism in ageing men: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1810-1818. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1796)

Trueman, P. et al. (2010) Long-term cost-effectiveness of weight management in primary care. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 775-783. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02349.x)

2009

Astrup, A., Rossner, S., Van Goal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M.F. and Lean, M.E.J. (2009) Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet, 374(9701), pp. 1606-1616. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61375-1)

Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Lean, M., Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2009) In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47(8), pp. 1180-1189. (doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.031)

Mullen, W. , Borges, G.,, Donovan, J.L., Edwards, C.A. , Serafini, M., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2009) Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(6), pp. 1784-1791. (doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27339) (PMID:19403635)

Macfarlane, G. et al. (2009) Investigating the determinants of international differences in the prevalence of chronic widespread pain: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(5), pp. 690-695. (doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.089417)

Lee, D. et al. (2009) Vitamin D parathyroid hormone and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older European men. European Journal of Endocrinology, 161(6), pp. 947-954.

Mackenzie, M. , Koshy, P., Leslie, W., Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2009) Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of nutritional intervention during smoking cessation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(9), pp. 1136-1142. (doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.38)

McBeth, J. et al. (2009) Perturbed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 are not associated with chronic widespread pain in men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Rheumatology, 36(11), pp. 2523-2530. (doi: 3899/jrheum.090113)

2008

Ross, H.M., Laws, R., Reckless, J. and Lean, M.E.J. (2008) Evaluation of the counterweight programme for obesity management in primary care: a starting point for continuous improvement. British Journal of General Practice, 58(553), pp. 548-554.

McQuigg, M. et al. (2008) Influence of body mass index on prescribing costs and potential cost savings of a weight management programme in primary care. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 13(3), pp. 158-166. (doi: 10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007140)

Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Hart, C.L., McConnachie, A. , Upton, M.N., Lean, M. and Watt, G. (2008) Contribution of midparental BMI and other determinants of obesity in adult offspring. Obesity, 16(6), pp. 1388-1393. (doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.211)

Akbartabartoori, M., Lean, M. and Hankey, C.R. (2008) The associations between current recommendation for physical activity and cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(1), pp. 1-9. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602693)

Counterweight Project Team, , Ross, H., Laws, R., Reckless, J., Lean, M., Morrison, D. and Sloan, W. (2008) Evaluation of the Counterweight Programme for obesity management in primary care: a starting point for continuous improvement. British Journal of General Practice, 58(553), pp. 548-554. (doi: 10.3399/bjgp08X319710)

Ebrahimi-Mameghani, M., Scott, J., Der, G., Lean, M. and Burns, C. (2008) Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(10), pp. 1208-1214. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602839)

Gauliard, B., Grieve, D., Wilson, R., Crozier, A., Jenkins, C., Mullen, W. and Lean, M. (2008) The effects of dietary phenolic compounds on cytokine and antioxidant production by a549 cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 11(2), pp. 382-384. (doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.593)

Lean, M. (2008) Trading regulations and health foods. British Medical Journal, 337,

Lean, M., Mann, J., Hoek, J., Elliot, R. and Schofield, G. (2008) Translational research. British Medical Journal, 337(7672),

Lean, M. and Wiseman, M. (2008) Malnutrition in hospitals - Still common because screening tools are underused and poorly enforced. British Medical Journal, 336(7639), p. 290.

McQuigg, M. et al. (2008) The Counterweight programme: Prevalence of CVD risk factors by body mass index and the impact of 10% weight change. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice, 2(1), pp. 15-27.

Mercer, S.W. and Lean, M. (2008) Request for slimming tablets. British Medical Journal, 337, a1287. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1287)

Mullen, W. , Rouanet, J.-M., Auger, C., Teissèdre, P.-L., Caldwell, S.T. , Hartley, R.C. , Lean, M.E.J. , Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2008) Bioavailability of [2-14C]Quercetin-4′-glucoside in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(24), pp. 12127-12137. (doi: 10.1021/jf802754s)

2007

Lara, J.J., Economou, M., Wallace, A.M., Rumley, A., Lowe, G., Slater, C., Caslake, M., Sattar, N. and Lean, M.E.J. (2007) Benefits of salmon eating on traditional and novel vascular risk factors in young, non-obese healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis, 193(1), pp. 213-221. (doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.06.018)

Borges, G., Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Lean, M., Roowi, S. and Rouanet, J. (2007) The bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins in rats. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51, pp. 714-725. (doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700024)

Hankey, C.R., Lean, M.E.J. and Leslie, W.S. (2007) Weight gain as an adverse effect of some commonly prescribed drugs: a systematic review. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 100, pp. 395-404. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm044)

Lean, M. and Mullan, A. (2007) Obesity: Which drug and when? International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61, pp. 1555-1560. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01459.x)

Lean, M. (2007) Weight gain from common drugs - Response. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 100(10), pp. 664-666.

2006

Akbartabartoori, M., Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2006) Smoking combined with overweight or obesity markedly elevates cardiovascular risk factors. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 13, pp. 938-946.

Alberti, G., Gruer, L., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity - can we turn the tide? British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1261-1264.

Avenell, A., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Management: Part I - Behaviour change, diets and activity. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 740-743.

Finer, N. and Lean, M. (2006) ABC of obesity - Management: Part II - Drugs. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 794-797.

Han, T., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Assessment of obesity and its clinical implications. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 695-698.

Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W., Wallace, F. and Woodward, M. (2006) Unidentified under-nutrition: dietary intake and anthropometric indices in a residential care home population. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19, pp. 343-347.

Haslam, D., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity - time to wake up. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 640-642.

Hill, J., Lara, J. and Lean, M. (2006) ABC of obesity - Strategies for preventing obesity. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 959-962.

Koulouri, A., Lean, M. and Tigbe, W. (2006) The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19, pp. 263-266.

Lawlor, D., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity and vascular disease. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1060-1063.

Lean, M., McArdle, C., McMillan, D. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity and cancer. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1109-1111. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39042.565035.BE1)

2005

De Bruin, T. et al. (2005) Effect of three treatment schedules of recombinant methionyl human leptin on body weight in obese adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 7(6), pp. 755-761. (doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00468.x) (PMID:16219020)

Lara, J., Murray, L., Carter, R., Stuart, R. and Lean, M. (2005) Weight changes after vertical banded gastroplication. Scottish Medical Journal, 50(2), pp. 58-60.

Akbartabartoori, M., Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2005) Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape. International Journal of Obesity, 29, pp. 236-243. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802827)

Anderson, A., Bradby, H., Bush, H., Lea, E., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2005) Evolution of atherogenic diets in South Asian and Italian women after migration to a higher risk region. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18, pp. 33-43.

Barth, J.H. et al. (2005) The impact of obesity on drug prescribing in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 55, pp. 743-749.

Barth, J. et al. (2005) Empowering primary care to tackle the obesity epidemic: the Counterweight Programme. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, S93-S100. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602180)

Baxter, G., Connolly, M., Kelly, C., Lean, M., McCreadie, R., Paterson, J. and Williams, S. (2005) Dietary improvement in people with schizophrenia - Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, pp. 346-351.

Cotton, M., Fuld, J., Kilduff, L., Lean, M., Neder, J., Pitsiladis, Y. and Ward, S. (2005) Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 60, pp. 531-537. (doi: 10.1136/thx.2004.030452)

Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Duthie, S., Higgins, S., Howie, M., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Tsang, C. (2005) The influence of moderate red wine consumption on antioxidant status and indices of oxidative stress associated with CHD in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition, 93, pp. 233-240. (doi: 10.1079/BJN20041311)

Gates, E., Han, T., Lean, M. and Truscott, E. (2005) Clothing size as an indicator of adiposity, ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular risks. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18, pp. 423-430.

Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2005) Aspartame and its effects on health - Reply. British Medical Journal, 330(7486), p. 310.

Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and McCombie, L. (2005) Weight management: a survey of current practice in secondary care NHS settings in 2004. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 11, pp. 462-467. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00552.x)

Lean, M. (2005) Prognosis in obesity - Obesity in severe mental illness poses particular problems - Reply. British Medical Journal, 331(7514), p. 453.

Lean, M. (2005) Prognosis in obesity - We all need to move a little more, eat a little less. British Medical Journal, 330(7504), 1339-+.

2004

Anderson, A. and Lean, M. (2004) The nature of evidence. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17(4), pp. 291-292.

Barth, J. et al. (2004) Current approaches to obesity management in UK Primary Care: the Counterweight Programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17, pp. 183-190.

Barth, J. et al. (2004) A new evidence-based model for weight management in primary care: the Counterweight Programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17, pp. 191-208.

Bates, C., Lean, M., Mansoor, M. and Prentice, A. (2004) Nutrient intakes; biochemical and risk indices associated with Type 2 diabetes and glycosylated haemoglobin, in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over. Diabetic Medicine, 21, pp. 677-684. (doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01228.x)

Brighenti, F., Burns, J., Crozier, A., Del, R., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Stewart, A. (2004) HPLC-MSn analysis of phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids in green and black tea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 2807-2815. (doi: 10.1021/jf0354848)

Crozier, A., Huxley, R., John, J., Lean, M. and Neil, H. (2004) Effect of dietary advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma flavonol concentrations: results from a randomised controlled intervention trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 288-289. (doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.014274)

Currall, J., Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and Matthews, D. (2004) A transferable programme of nutritional counselling for rehabilitation following myocardial infarction: a randomised controlled study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58, pp. 778-786. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601876)

De, S. and Lean, M. (2004) Schizophrenia and osteoporosis. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, pp. 31-35. (doi: 10.1097/01.yic.0000102047.13671.a8)

Eley, S., Hankey, C., Hunter, C., Lean, M. and Leslie, W. (2004) Eating habits, beliefs, attitudes and knowledge among health professionals regarding the links between obesity, nutrition and health. Public Health Nutrition, 7, pp. 337-343. (doi: 10.1079/PHN2003526)

Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2004) Aspartame and its effects on health. British Medical Journal, 329(7469), pp. 755-756.

Lara, I. and Lean, M. (2004) Is Atkins dead (again)? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 14(2), pp. 61-65.

Lara, J., Scott, J. and Lean, M. (2004) Intentional mis-reporting of food consumption and its relationship with body mass index and psychological scores in women. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17(3), pp. 209-218.

2003

Crozier, A., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Yokota, T. (2003) Analysis of ellagitannins and conjugates of ellagic acid and quercetin in raspberry fruits by LC-MSn. Phytochemistry, 64, pp. 617-624. (doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00281-4)

Dibben, M.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2003) Achieving compliance in chronic illness management: illustrations of trust relationships between physicians and nutrition clinic patients. Health, Risk and Society, 5, pp. 241-258. (doi: 10.1080/13698570310001606950)

Gonzalez-Villalpando, C., Haffner, S., Han, T., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2003) Prospective relation of C-reactive protein with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(5), pp. 1657-1658.

Lara, J., Lean, M. and Tsofliou, F. (2003) Dietary fat and obesity: increasing concern or old hat? European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 105(8), pp. 389-390.

Lean, M. (2003) The implementation of nutritional advice for people with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 20(10), pp. 783-785.

Lean, M. and Pajonk, F. (2003) Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs: Another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(11), pp. 3202-3203.

Lean, M., Rissanen, A., Rossner, S., Segal, K. and Sjostrom, L. (2003) Predictive value of early weight loss in obesity management with orlistat: an evidence-based assessment of prescribing guidelines. International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 103-109. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802165)

Lean, M., Anderson, A., Morrison, C. and Currall, J. (2003) Evaluation of a Dietary Targets Monitor. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57, pp. 667-673. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601596)

Lean, M., Malkova, D. , Pitsiladis, Y., Tsofliou, F. and Wallace, A. (2003) Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite-satiety measures in obese women. International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 1332-1339. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802406)

Lean, M. and Pajonk, F. (2003) Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs - Another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 1597-1605.

Stone, P. et al. (2003) Cancer-related fatigue - a difference of opinion? Results of a multicentre survey of healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers. European Journal of Cancer Care, 12, pp. 20-27. (doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2354.2003.00329.x)

2002

Anderson, A., Lean, M. and Roos, G. (2002) Dietary interventions in Finland, Norway and Sweden: nutrition policies and strategies. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, pp. 99-110.

Ashihara, H., Burns, J., Crozier, A., Lean, M. and Yokota, T. (2002) Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 3337-3340. (doi: 10.1021/jf0112973)

Burns, J., Crozier, A., Landrault, N., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Teissedre, P. (2002) Variations in the profile and content of anthocyanins in wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon and hybrid grapes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 4096-4102. (doi: 10.1021/jf011233s)

Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Gardner, P., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Stewart, A. (2002) Effect of freezing and storage on the phenolics, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of red raspberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 5197-5201. (doi: 10.1021/jf020141f)

Crozier, A., Lean, M. and Mullen, W. (2002) Rapid characterization of anthocyanins in red raspberry fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to single quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 966, pp. 63-70.

Crozier, A., Duthie, G.G., Gardner, P., Lean, M.E.J., MacLean, M.R., McGinn, J., Mullen, W. and Yokota, T. (2002) Ellagitannins, flavonoids, and other phenolics in red raspberries and their contribution to antioxidant capacity and vasorelaxation properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 5191-5196. (doi: 10.1021/jf020140n)

Currall, J., Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and Matthews, D. (2002) Weight change after myocardial infarction: statistical perspectives for future study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, pp. 439-444.

Gonzalez-Villalpando, C., Haffner, S., Han, T., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2002) Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care, 25, pp. 2016-2021.

Haffner, S., Han, T., Hunt, K., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2002) Analysis of obesity and Hyperinsulinemia in the development of metabolic syndrome: San Antonio Heart Study. Obesity Research, 10, pp. 923-931.

Han, T. and Lean, M. (2002) Waist worries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(4), pp. 699-700.

Hankey, C., Leslie, W.S. and Lean, M.E.J. (2002) Why lose weight? Reasons for seeking weight loss by overweight but otherwise healthy men. International Journal of Obesity, 26, pp. 880-882. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801999)

Hankey, C.R., Lean, M.E.J. , Lowe, G.D.O., Rumley, A. and Woodward, M. (2002) Effects of moderate weight loss on anginal symptoms and indices of coagulation and fibrinolysis in overweight patients with angina pectoris. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56(10), pp. 1039-1045.

2001

Anderson, A., Bradby, H., Bush, H., Han, T., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2001) Ethnic differences in anthropometric and lifestyle measures related to coronary heart disease risk between South Asian, Italian and general-population British women living in the west of Scotland. International Journal of Obesity, 25, pp. 1800-1805.

Anderson, A., Bush, H., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2001) Body image and weight consciousness among South Asian, Italian and general population women in Britain. Appetite, 37, pp. 207-215. (doi: 10.1006/appe.2001.0424)

Anderson, A. and Lean, M. (2001) Diabetes - high time to assess dietetic effectiveness. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 14(6), pp. 421-422.

Burns, J., Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Gardner, P., Lean, M. and Matthews, D. (2001) Extraction of phenolics and changes in antioxidant activity of red wines during vinification. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, pp. 5797-5808. (doi: 10.1021/jf010682p)

Burns, J., Crozier, A. and Lean, M.E.J. (2001) Alcohol consumption and mortality: Is wine different from other alcoholic beverages? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 11, pp. 249-258.

Bush, H., Williams, R., Lean, M.E.J. and Anderson, A. (2001) Body image and weight consciousness among South Asian, Italian, and general population women in Britain. Appetite, 37(3), pp. 207-215. (doi: 10.1006/appe.2001.0424)

Campbell, S., Danesh, B., Doherty, E., Lean, M., Maxwell, P., Rahman, M. and Timms, P. (2001) Effect of alcohol withdrawal on liver transaminase levels and markers of liver fibrosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 16(11), pp. 1254-1259.

Clifford, M.N., Lean, M., Rice-Evans, C.A., Riemersma, R.A. and Tyrrell, R.M. (2001) Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular health. QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians, 94(5), pp. 277-282.

Lean, M.E.J., Hans, T., Anderson, A.S., Bradby, H. and Williams, R. (2001) Ethnic differences in anthropometric and lifestyle measures related to coronary heart disease risk between South Asian, Italian and general population British women living in the West of Scotland. International Journal of Obesity, 25(12), pp. 1800-1805.

Lean, M. (2001) How does sibutramine work? International Journal of Obesity, 25, S8-S11.

Sattar, N. , Clark, P., Holmes, A., Lean, M., Walker, I. and Greer, I. (2001) Antenatal waist circumference and hypertension risk. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 97, pp. 268-271.

2000

Lean, M. (2000) Obesity: Burdens of illness and strategies for prevention or management. Drugs of Today, 36(11), pp. 773-784.

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Articles

Karmacharya, B. et al. (2024) A service evaluation of weight management for glycaemic control and remission of type 2 diabetes using traditional food in Nepal (Ho-DIRECT NEPAL): a single-arm trial. Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 29, 100465. (doi: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100465)

Pugh, J. E. et al. (2024) Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial. EClinicalMedicine, 76, 102844. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102844) (PMID:39391015) (PMCID:PMC11466568)

Churuangsuk, C., Catchpole, A., Talwar, D., Welsh, P. , Sattar, N. , Combet Aspray, E. and Lean, M. E.J. (2024) Low thiamine status in adults following low-carbohydrate / ketogenic diets: a cross-sectional comparative study of micronutrient intake and status. European Journal of Nutrition, (doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03459-y) (PMID:38967675) (Early Online Publication)

Noronha, J. C. et al. (2024) Weight management using meal replacements and cardiometabolic risk reduction in individuals with pre‐diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews, 25(7), e13751. (doi: 10.1111/obr.13751) (PMID:38693302)

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Reynolds, A. N., Kahleova, H., Uusitupa, M., Hermansen, K., Aas, A.-M., Schwab, U., Lean, M. E.J. , Pfeiffer, A., Salas-Salvadó, J. and Mann, J. I. (2023) Not all very-low-carbohydrate diets are created equal. Reply to Conte C, Camajani E, Lai A, Caprio M. Diabetologia, 66, pp. 1754-1755. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05963-y) (PMID:37407870)

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Williamson, K. , Blane, D. N. and Lean, M. E.J. (2023) Challenges in obtaining accurate anthropometric measures for adults with severe obesity: a community-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 51(6), pp. 935-943. (doi: 10.1177/14034948221089111) (PMID:35491931) (PMCID:PMC10350700)

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Boyle, J. G. and Lean, M. E.J. (2023) Type 2 diabetes remission: achieving calorie restriction and weight loss by any which way? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(6), e352-e353. (doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac755) (PMID:36611260)

Sharma, V., Ricketts, H. C., McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Crawford, L., Slaughter, L., Goodfellow, A., Lean, M. E.J. and Cowan, D. C. (2023) A total diet replacement weight management programme for difficult-to-treat asthma associated with obesity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Chest, 163(5), pp. 1026-1037. (doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.015) (PMID:36649753)

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Williamson, K. , Blane, D. N. , Grieve, E. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Overlooked and under-evidenced: community health and long-term care service needs, utilization, and costs incurred by people with severe obesity. Clinical Obesity, 13(2), e12570. (doi: 10.1111/cob.12570) (PMID:36447339)

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Sattar, N. , Welsh, P. , Leslie, W. S., Thom, G. , McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Richardson, J. , Gill, J. M. R. , Crawford, L. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Dietary weight-management for type 2 diabetes remissions in South Asians: the South Asian diabetes remission randomised trial for proof-of-concept and feasibility (STANDby). Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 9, 100111. (doi: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100111) (PMID:36777452) (PMCID:PMC9904218)

Sattar, N. , McMurray, J. J. V. , McInnes, I. B. , Aroda, V. R. and Lean, M. E. J. (2023) Treating chronic diseases without tackling excess adiposity promotes multimorbidity. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 11(1), pp. 58-62. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00317-5) (PMID:36460014)

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Leu, J., Tay, Z., van Dam, R. M., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., Lean, M. E. J. , Nikolaou, C. K. and Rebello, S. A. (2022) ‘You know what, I’m in the trend as well’: understanding the interplay between digital and real-life social influences on the food and activity choices of young adults. Public Health Nutrition, 25(8), pp. 2137-2155. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980022000398) (PMID:35184791)

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Lean, M. , McCombie, L. and Xin, Y. (2022) Forget polypharmacy for type 2 diabetes! Weight management is a better investment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(5), pp. 844-846. (doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa250) (PMID:33263751)

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Rehackova, L., Taylor, R., Lean, M. , Barnes, A., McCombie, L., Thom, G. , Brosnahan, N. , Leslie, W. S. and Sniehotta, F. F. (2022) Delivering the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) in primary care: experiences of healthcare professionals. Diabetic Medicine, 39(3), e14752. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14752) (PMID:34837259)

Churuangsuk, C. , Hall, J., Reynolds, A., Griffin, S. J., Combet, E. and Lean, M. E.J. (2022) Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission. Diabetologia, 65(1), pp. 14-36. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05577-2) (PMID:34796367)

Jesuthasan, A., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Peters, C., Barnes, A. C., Hollingsworth, K. G., Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. , Taylor, R. and Al-Mrabeh, A. H. (2022) Sex differences in intraorgan fat levels and hepatic lipid metabolism: implications for cardiovascular health and remission of type 2 diabetes after dietary weight loss. Diabetologia, 65(1), pp. 226-233. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05583-4) (PMID:34657182) (PMCID:PMC8660759)

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Lean, M. E.J. (2021) Banting Memorial Lecture 2021 Banting, banting, banter and bravado: convictions meet evidence in the scientific process. Diabetic Medicine, 38(11), e14643. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14643) (PMID:34288105)

Leslie, W. S. et al. (2021) Antihypertensive medication needs and blood pressure control with weight loss in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetologia, 64(9), pp. 1927-1938. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05471-x) (PMID:34056684)

Mackenzie, R. M. et al. (2021) SurgiCal Obesity Treatment Study (SCOTS): a prospective, observational cohort study on health and socioeconomic burden in treatment-seeking individuals with severe obesity in Scotland, UK. BMJ Open, 11(8), e046441. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046441) (PMID:34446484)

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Brosnahan, N. , Leslie, W., McCombie, L., Barnes, A., Thom, G. , McConnachie, A. , Messow, C. M. , Sattar, N. , Taylor, R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2021) Brief formula low‐energy‐diet for relapse management during weight loss maintenance in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(3), pp. 472-479. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12839) (PMID:33406285)

Lopes, S., Meincke, H. H., Lamotte, M., Olivieri, A.‐V. and Lean, M. E.J. (2021) A novel decision model to predict the impact of weight management interventions: the Core Obesity Model. Obesity Science and Practice, 7(3), pp. 269-280. (doi: 10.1002/osp4.495) (PMID:34123394) (PMCID:PMC8170577)

Dick, K., Schneider, J. E., Briggs, A. , Lecomte, P., Regnier, S. A. and Lean, M. (2021) Mendelian randomization: estimation of inpatient hospital costs attributable to obesity. Health Economics Review, 11, 16. (doi: 10.1186/s13561-021-00314-2) (PMID:33990897) (PMCID:PMC8122556)

Wharton, S., Astrup, A., Endahl, L., Lean, M. E.J. , Satylganova, A., Skovgaard, D., Wadden, T. A. and Wilding, J. P.H. (2021) Estimating and reporting treatment effects in clinical trials for weight management: using estimands to interpret effects of intercurrent events and missing data. International Journal of Obesity, 45(5), pp. 923-933. (doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00733-x) (PMID:33462358) (PMCID:PMC8081661)

Thom, G. et al. (2021) Weight loss induced increase in fasting ghrelin concentration is a predictor of weight regain: evidence from the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 23(3), pp. 711-719. (doi: 10.1111/dom.14274) (PMID:33369058)

Bhopal, R. et al. (2021) Diabetes incidence in a high-risk UK population at 7 years: linkage of the Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial to the Scottish Diabetes Register. Diabetic Medicine, 38(2), e14369. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14369) (PMID:32738831)

Thom, G. , Lean, M. E.J. , Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Malkova, D. and Dombrowski, S. U. (2021) ‘I have been all in, I have been all out and I have been everything in-between’: a 2-year longitudinal qualitative study of weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 34(1), pp. 199-214. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12826) (PMID:33089558)

Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., Shaw, J. A.M., McConnachie, A. , Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. and Taylor, R. (2020) 2-year remission of type 2 diabetes and pancreas morphology: a post-hoc analysis of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 8(12), pp. 939-948. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30303-X) (PMID:33031736)

Tsofliou, F., Pitsiladis, Y. P., Lara, J., Hadjicharalambous, M., Macdonald, I. A., Wallace, M. A. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) The effects of moderate alterations in adrenergic activity on acute appetite regulation in obese women: a randomised crossover trial. Nutrition and Health, 26(4), pp. 311-322. (doi: 10.1177/0260106020942117) (PMID:32729763)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(4), pp. 498-513. (doi: 10.1017/S0029665120000105) (PMID:32131904)

Xin, Y. , Davies, A., Briggs, A. , McCombie, L., Messow, C. M. , Grieve, E. , Leslie, W. S., Taylor, R. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Type 2 diabetes remission: 2 year within-trial and lifetime-horizon cost-effectiveness of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)/Counterweight-Plus weight management programme. Diabetologia, 63, pp. 2112-2122. (doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05224-2) (PMID:32776237) (PMCID:PMC7476973)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Carbohydrate knowledge, dietary guideline awareness, motivations and beliefs underlying low-carbohydrate dietary behaviours. Scientific Reports, 10, 14423. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70905-2) (PMID:32879368) (PMCID:PMC7468104)

Churuangsuk, C. , Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2020) Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes are associated with higher hemoglobin A1c: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2016. European Journal of Nutrition, 59, pp. 2771-2782. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02122-1) (PMID:31686204) (PMCID:PMC7413867)

Thom, G. , Dombrowski, S. U., Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Lopez-Gonzalez, M. R., Roditi, G., Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) Response to comments on "The role of appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress in long-term weight-loss maintenance: a mixed methods study". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(7), pp. 1115-1116. (doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0651-2) (PMID:32393752)

Han, T. S., Gallis, T. G., Sharma, P. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Secular trends in adiposity and musculoskeletal dimensions of elite heavyweight boxers between 1889 and 2019. Sport Sciences for Health, 16, pp. 249-255. (doi: 10.1007/s11332-019-00598-2)

Han, T. S., Gabe, J., Sharma, P. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Life expectancy of white and non-white elite heavyweight boxers. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 7, pp. 281-289. (doi: 10.1007/s40615-019-00656-y) (PMID:31797308) (PMCID:PMC7064515)

Thom, G. , Dombrowski, S. U., Brosnahan, N. , Algindan, Y. Y., Rosario Lopez-Gonzalez, M., Roditi, G., Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) The role of appetite-related hormones, adaptive thermogenesis, perceived hunger and stress in long-term weight-loss maintenance: a mixed-methods study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(4), pp. 622-632. (doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0568-9) (PMID:32020057)

Williamson, K. , Nimegeer, A. and Lean, M. (2020) Rising prevalence of BMI ≥40kg/m2: a high-demand epidemic needing better documentation. Obesity Reviews, 21(4), e12986. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12986) (PMID:32017386) (PMCID:PMC7078951)

Zhyzhneuskaya, S. V., Al-Mrabeh, A., Peters, C., Barnes, A., Aribisala, B., Hollingsworth, K. G., McConnachie, A. , Sattar, N. , Lean, M. E.J. and Taylor, R. (2020) Time course of normalization of functional β-cell capacity in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial after weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 43(4), pp. 813-820. (doi: 10.2337/dc19-0371) (PMID:32060017)

Papamargaritis, D. et al. (2020) Effectiveness and cost of integrating a pragmatic pathway for prescribing liraglutide 3.0 mg in obesity services (STRIVE study): study protocol of an open-label, real-world, randomised, controlled trial. BMJ Open, 10(2), e034137. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034137) (PMID:32060156)

Al-Mrabeh, A. et al. (2020) Hepatic lipoprotein export and remission of human type 2 diabetes after weight loss. Cell Metabolism, 31(2), 233-249.e4. (doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.018) (PMID:31866441)

Nikolaou, C. K., Robinson, T. N., Sim, K. A. and Lean, M. E.J. (2020) Turning the tables on obesity: young people, IT and social movements. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(2), pp. 117-122. (doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0288-1) (PMID:31784715)

Thom, G. , Gerasimidis, K. , Rizou, E., Alfheeaid, H. , Barwell, N., Manthou, E., Fatima, S., Gill, J. M.R. , Lean, M. E.J. and Malkova, D. (2020) Validity of predictive equations to estimate RMR in females with varying BMI. Journal of Nutritional Science, 9, e17. (doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.11)

Hopkins, M.D., Taylor, R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) The DiRECT principles: giving Type 2 diabetes remission programmes the best chance of success. Diabetic Medicine, 36(12), pp. 1703-1704. (doi: 10.1111/dme.14126) (PMID:31483884)

Lean, M. , McCombie, L. and McSorely, J. (2019) Trends in type 2 diabetes. British Medical Journal, 366, l5407. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5407) (PMID:31511237)

Nikolaou, C. K., Tay, Z., Leu, J., Rebello, S. A., Te Morenga, L., Van Dam, R. M. and Lean, M. E. J. (2019) Young people’s attitudes and motivations toward social media and mobile apps for weight control: mixed methods study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(10), e11205. (doi: 10.2196/11205)

Han, T.S., Al-Gindan, Y.Y., Govan, L. , Hankey, C.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults. Acta Diabetologica, 56(8), pp. 947-954. (doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01328-3) (PMID:30927105) (PMCID:PMC6597601)

Churuangsuk, C. , Griffiths, D., Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2019) Impacts of carbohydrate-restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 20(8), pp. 1132-1147. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12857) (PMID:31006978)

Xin, Y. , Davies, A., McCombie, L., Briggs, A. , Messow, C.-M. , Grieve, E. , Leslie, W.S., Taylor, R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Type 2 diabetes remission: economic evaluation of the DiRECT/Counterweight‐Plus weight management programme within a primary care randomized controlled trial. Diabetic Medicine, 36(8), pp. 1003-1012. (doi: 10.1111/dme.13981) (PMID:31026353)

Lisk, R., Uddin, M., Parbhoo, A., Yeong, K., Fluck, D., Sharma, P., Lean, M. E.J. and Han, T. S. (2019) Predictive model of length of stay in hospital among older patients. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(7), pp. 993-999. (doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-1033-7) (PMID:30191455) (PMCID:PMC6589144)

Jing, Y., Han, T. S., Alkhalaf, M. M. and Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Attenuation of the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and diabetes risk by adiposity adjustment: a secondary analysis of national health survey data. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(4), pp. 1703-1710. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1716-z) (PMID:29766286) (PMCID:PMC6561981)

Lean, M. E.J. and Sattar, N. (2019) Da Qing 30 years on: more reasons to extend diabetes prevention. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(6), pp. 417-419. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30138-X) (PMID:31031111)

McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N. , Ross, H., Bell-Higgs, A., Govan, L. and Lean, M.E.J. (2019) Filling the intervention gap: service evaluation of an intensive nonsurgical weight management programme for severe and complex obesity. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(3), pp. 329-337. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12611) (PMID:30565772)

Lean, M. E.J. (2019) Low-calorie diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), pp. 251-252. (doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0186-6) (PMID:30833703)

Lean, M. E.J. et al. (2019) Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(5), pp. 344-355. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30068-3) (PMID:30852132)

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Al-Gindan, Y.Y., Hankey, C.R., Leslie, W., Govan, L. and Lean, M.E. (2014) Predicting muscle mass from anthropometry using magnetic resonance imaging as reference: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 72(2), pp. 113-126. (doi: 10.1111/nure.12096)

Haddad, P. M., Fleischhacker, W. W., Peuskens, J., Cavallaro, R., Lean, M. E.J. , Morozova, M., Reynolds, G., Azorin, J.-M., Thomas, P. and Möller, H.-J. (2014) SMARTS (Systematic Monitoring of Adverse events Related to TreatmentS): The development of a pragmatic patient-completed checklist to assess antipsychotic drug side effects. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 4(1), pp. 15-21. (doi: 10.1177/2045125313510195) (PMID:24490026) (PMCID:PMC3896136)

Combet, E. and Lean, M.E.J. (2014) Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire specific for iodine in UK females of childbearing age. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 27(6), pp. 599-605. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12219)

Combet, E. , Jarlot, A., Aidoo, K. E. and Lean, M. E. J. (2014) Development of a nutritionally balanced pizza as a functional meal designed to meet published dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutrition, 17(11), pp. 2577-2586. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002814)

Combet, E. , Ma, Z. F., Cousins, F., Thompson, B. and Lean, M. E. J. (2014) Low-level seaweed supplementation improves iodine status in iodine-insufficient women. British Journal of Nutrition, 112(5), pp. 753-761. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114514001573)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2014) Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with mortality among middle-aged and older European men. Age and Ageing, 43(4), pp. 528-535. (doi: 10.1093/ageing/aft206) (PMID:24375224)

Morrison, Z., Douglas, A., Bhopal, R., Sheikh, A. and Lean, M. (2014) Understanding experiences of participating in a weight loss lifestyle intervention trial: a qualitative evaluation of South Asians at high risk of diabetes. BMJ Open, 4(6), e004736. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004736)

Pereira-Caro, G., Borges, G., Van Der Hooft, J. , Clifford, M. N., Del Rio, D., Lean, M. E.J. , Roberts, S. A., Kellerhals, M. B. and Crozier, A. (2014) Orange juice (poly)phenols are highly bioavailable in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(5), pp. 1378-1384. (doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.090282)

Wallia, S. et al. (2014) Culturally adapting the prevention of diabetes and obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial. Health Promotion International, 29(4), pp. 768-779. (doi: 10.1093/heapro/dat015)

Leslie, W.S., Woodward, M., Lean, M.E.J. , Theobald, H., Watson, L. and Hankey, C.R. (2013) Improving the dietary intake of under nourished older people in residential care homes using an energy-enriching food approach: a cluster randomised controlled study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 26(4), pp. 387-394. (doi: 10.1111/jhn.12020)

Han, T.S., Wu, F.C.W. and Lean, M.E.J. (2013) Obesity and weight management in the elderly: a focus on men. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 27(4), pp. 509-525. (doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.04.012)

Tigbe, W.W., Briggs, A.H. and Lean, M.E.J. (2013) A patient-centred approach to estimate total annual healthcare cost by body mass index in the UK Counterweight programme. International Journal of Obesity, 37(8), pp. 1135-1139. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.186)

Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2013) Role of oxidative stress in physiological albumin glycation: a neglected interaction. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 60, pp. 318-324. (doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.010)

Lean, M.E.J. , Katsarou, C., McLoone, P. and Morrison, D. (2013) Changes in BMI and waist circumference in Scottish adults: use of repeated cross-sectional surveys to explore multiple age groups and birth-cohorts. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), pp. 800-808. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.122)

Ohlsson, C. et al. (2013) Comparisons of immunoassay and mass spectrometry measurements of serum estradiol levels and their influence on clinical association studies in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(6), E1097. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3861)

McKenna, L. A., Drummond, R. S., Drummond, S., Talwar, D. and Lean, M. E.J. (2013) Seeing double: the low-carb diet. British Medical Journal, 2013(346), f2563. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2563)

Leslie, W.S., Comrie, F., Lean, M.E.J. and Hankey, C.R. (2013) Designing the eatwell week: the application of eatwell plate advice to weekly food intake. Public Health Nutrition, 16(05), pp. 795-802. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004193)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2013) Cohort profile: The European Male Ageing Study. International Journal Epidemiology, 42(2), pp. 391-401. (doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr234)

Vanderschueren, D. et al. (2013) Active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and bone health in middle-aged and elderly men: the European male aging study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(3), pp. 995-1005. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2772)

Camacho, E.M. et al. (2013) Age-associated changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in middle-aged and older men are modified by weight change and lifestyle factors: longitudinal results from the European male ageing study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(3), pp. 445-455. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0890)

Lean, M.E.J. et al. (2013) Feasibility and indicative results from a 12 month low-energy-liquid-diet treatment and maintenance programme for severe obesity. British Journal of General Practice, 63(607), pp. 115-124. (doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X663073)

Borges, G., Lean, M.E.J. , Roberts, S.A. and Crozier, A. (2013) Bioavailability of dietary (poly)phenols: a study with ileostomists to discriminate between absorption in small and large intestine. Food and Function, 2013(4), pp. 754-762. (doi: 10.1039/c3fo60024f)

Burton, R. F. and Lean, M. E.J. (2013) Waist circumference cannot be improved as an index of abdominal visceral fatness by combining it with correlates of abdominal subcutaneous fat or non-fat tissue. International Journal of Body Composition Research, 11(3-4), pp. 77-84.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E., Yang, H.-C. and Lean, M. (2013) The disproportionate economic burden associated with severe and complicated obesity: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 14(11), pp. 883-894. (doi: 10.1111/obr.12059)

Lean, M.I.F.A., Lean, M.E.J. , Yajnik, C.S., Bhat, D., Joshi, S.M., Raut, D.A., Lubree, H.G. and Combet, E. (2013) Iodine status during pregnancy in India and related neonatal and infant outcomes. Public Health Nutrition, 17(6), pp. 1353-1362. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001201) (PMID:23659491)

Rutter, M.K. et al. (2013) Epidemiological evidence against a role for C-reactive protein causing leptin resistance. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(1), pp. 101-106. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0348)

Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2013) Influence of smoking and diet on glycated haemoglobin and 'pre-diabetes' categorisation: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health, 13(1013), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1013)

Celnik, D., Gillespie, L. and Lean, M.E.J. (2012) Time-scarcity, ready-meals, ill-health and the obesity epidemic. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 27(1), pp. 4-11. (doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.06.001)

Brown, G., Lean, M.E.J. and Hankey, C.R. (2012) Reproducibility of twenty-four hour post exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(02), pp. 191-194. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005575)

Huhtaniemi, I.T. et al. (2012) Comparison of serum testosterone and estradiol measurements in 3174 European men using platform immunoassay and mass spectrometry; relevance for the diagnostics in aging men. European Journal of Endocrinology, 166(6), pp. 983-991. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-1051)

McCombie, L., Lean, M. and Haslam, D. (2012) Effective UK weight management services for adults. Clinical Obesity, 2(3-4), pp. 96-102. (doi: 10.1111/j.1758-8111.2012.00049.x)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2012) Association of hypogonadism with vitamin D status: the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 166(1), pp. 77-85. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0743)

Johnson, P.C.D. , Logue, J. , McConnachie, A. , Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Hart, C. , Upton, M.N., Lean, M.E.J. , Sattar, N. and Watt, G. (2012) Intergenerational change and familial aggregation of body mass index. European Journal of Epidemiology, 27(1), pp. 53-61. (doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9639-5)

Astrup, A. et al. (2012) Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. International Journal of Obesity, 36(6), pp. 843-854. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.158)

Corona, G. et al. (2012) Thyroid hormones and male sexual function. International Journal of Andrology, 35(5), pp. 668-679. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01266.x)

Counterweight Project Team, et al. (2012) The implementation of the Counterweight Programme in Scotland, UK. Family Practice, 29(suppl), i139-i144. (doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmr074) (PMID:22399544)

Crozier, T.W.M., Stalmach, A. , Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2012) Espresso coffees, caffeine and chlorogenic acid intake: potential health implications. Food and Function, 3(1), pp. 30-33. (doi: 10.1039/C1FO10240K)

Koshy, P., Mackenzie, M. , Leslie, W., Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2012) Eating the elephant whole or in slices: views of participants in a smoking cessation intervention trial on multiple behaviour changes as sequential or concurrent tasks. BMC Public Health, 12(500), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-500)

Lean, M. and Crozier, A. (2012) Coffee, caffeine and health: What's in your cup? Maturitas, 72(3), pp. 171-172. (doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.005)

Leslie, W.S., Koshy, P.R., Mackenzie, M. , Murray, H.M., Boyle, S., Lean, M.E.J. , Walker, A. and Hankey, C.R. (2012) Changes in body weight and food choice in those attempting smoking cessation: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 12(389), (doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-389)

Tajar, A. et al. (2012) Characteristics of androgen deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97(5), pp. 1508-1516. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2513)

O'Connor, D.B. et al. (2011) The relationships between sex hormones and sexual function in middle-aged and older European men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96(10), e1577-e1587. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-2216)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2011) Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among community-dwelling European men. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(10), pp. 1320-1328. (doi: 10.1177/0269881110379287)

Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Watt, G. and Lean, M.E.J. (2011) Sex distribution of offspring-parents obesity: Angel's hypothesis revisited. Human Biology, 83(4), pp. 523-530. (doi: 10.3378/027.083.0406)

Han, T.S. et al. (2011) Impaired quality of life and sexual function in overweight and obese men: the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 164(6), pp. 1003-1011. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-1129)

Tajar, A. et al. (2011) The effect of musculoskeletal pain on sexual function in middle-aged and elderly European men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Rheumatology, 38(2), pp. 370-377. (doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100604)

Combet, E. , Lean, M.E.J. , Boyle, J., Crozier, A. and Davidson, D.F. (2011) Dietary flavonols contribute to false-positive elevation of homovanillic acid, a marker of catecholamine-secreting tumours. Clinica Chimica Acta, 412(1-2), pp. 165-169. (doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.037)

Boonen, S. et al. (2011) Influence of bone remodelling rate on quantitative ultrasound parameters at the calcaneus and DXA BMDa of the hip and spine in middle-aged and elderly European men: the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). European Journal of Endocrinology, 165(6), pp. 977-986. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0353)

Gill, J.M.R. et al. (2011) Sitting time and waist circumference are associated with glycemia in U.K. South Asians: data from 1,228 adults screened for the PODOSA trial. Diabetes Care, 34(5), pp. 1214-1218. (doi: 10.2337/dc10-2313)

Han, T.S., Tajar, A. and Lean, M.E.J. (2011) Obesity and weight management in the elderly. British Medical Bulletin, 97(1), pp. 169-196. (doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr002)

Holliday, K. L. et al. (2011) The ESR1 (6q25) locus is associated with calcaneal ultrasound parameters and radial volumetric bone mineral density in European men. PLoS ONE, 6(7), e22037. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022037) (PMID:21760950) (PMCID:PMC3131390)

Lean, M. (2011) VLED and formula LED in the management of type 2 diabetes: defining the clinical need and research requirements. Clinical Obesity, 1(1), pp. 41-49. (doi: 10.1111/j.1758-8111.2010.00007.x)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) Influence of polymorphisms in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry at the forearm in men. Calcified Tissue International, 89(6), pp. 446-455. (doi: 10.1007/s00223-011-9532-y)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) A validation of the first genome-wide association study of calcaneus ultrasound parameters in the European Male Ageing Study. BMC Medical Genetics, 12, p. 19. (doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-19)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2011) Polymorphisms in genes involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway are associated with bone mineral density, geometry and turnover in men. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e28031. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028031) (PMID:22132199) (PMCID:PMC3221678)

Tajar, A. et al. (2011) Frailty in Relation to Variations in Hormone Levels of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Older Men: Results From the European Male Aging Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(5), pp. 814-821. (doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03398.x)

Tigbe, W.W., Lean, M.E.J. and Granat, M.H. (2011) A physically active occupation does not result in compensatory inactivity during out-of-work hours. Preventive Medicine, 53(1-2), pp. 48-52. (doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.04.018)

Ward, K.A. et al. (2011) Influence of age and sex steroids on bone density and geometry in middle-aged and elderly European men. Osteoporosis International, 22(5), pp. 1513-1523. (doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1437-5)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2010) Chronic widespread pain is associated with slower cognitive processing speed in middle-aged and older European men. Pain, 151(1), pp. 30-36. (doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.024)

Vanderschueren, D. et al. (2010) Gonadal sex steroid status and bone health in middle aged and elderly European men. Osteoporosis International, 21(8), pp. 1331-1339.

Borges, G., Mullen, W. , Mullan, A., Lean, M. , Roberts, S. and Crozier, A. (2010) Bioavailability of multiple components following acute ingestion of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 54(S2), S268-S277. (doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900611)

Wu, F.C.W. et al. (2010) Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(2), pp. 123-135. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911101)

Counterweight Project Team, et al. (2010) Long-term cost-effectiveness of weight management in primary care. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 775-783. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02349.x)

Del Rio, D., Costa, L.G., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Polyphenols and health: what compounds are involved? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 20(1), pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.015)

Corona, G. et al. (2010) Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(4), pp. 1362-1380. (doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01601.x)

Del Rio, D., Costa, L.G., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Polyphenols and health: What compounds are involved? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 20(1), pp. 1-6. (doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.015)

Huhtaniemi, I. et al. (2010) Effect of polymorphisms in selected genes involved in pituitary-testicular function on reproductive hormones and phenotype in aging men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1898-1908.

Lean, M. E. J. , Reckless, J. P. D., Finer, N. and McCombie, L. (2010) Counterweight - counter-cost, counter-loss. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 828-829. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02400.x)

Lean, M.E.J. (2010) Childhood obesity: time to shrink a parent. International Journal of Obesity, 34(1), pp. 1-3. (doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.200)

Lee, D.M. et al. (2010) Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. European Journal of Endocrinology, 162(6), pp. 1155-1164. (doi: 10.1530/EJE-09-0970)

McBeth, J. et al. (2010) Musculoskeletal pain is associated with very low levels of vitamin D in men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 69, pp. 1448-1452. (doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.116053)

Mullen, W., Borges, G., Lean, M.E.J., Roberts, S.A. and Crozier, A. (2010) Identification of metabolites in human plasma and urine after consumption of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(4), pp. 2586-2595. (doi: 10.1021/jf904096v)

Pye, S. et al. (2010) Influence of lifestyle factors on quantitative heel ultrasound measurements in middle-aged and elderly men: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Calcified Tissue International, 86(3), pp. 211-219.

Roowi, S., Stalmach, A., Mullen, W., Lean, M., Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2010) Green tea flavan-3-ols: colonic degradation and urinary excretion of catabolites by humans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(2), pp. 1296-1304. (doi: 10.1021/jf9032975)

Roshandel, D. et al. (2010) Genetic variation in the RANK/RANK/OPG signalling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 25(8), pp. 1830-1838. (doi: 10.1002/JBMR.78)

Rouanet, J.-M., Décordé, K., Rio, D.D., Auger, C., Borges, G., Cristol, J.P., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2010) Berry juices, teas, antioxidants and the prevention of atherosclerosis in hamsters. Food Chemistry, 118(2), pp. 266-271. (doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.116)

Tajar, A. et al. (2010) Characteristics of Secondary, Primary, and Compensated Hypogonadism in Aging Men: Evidence from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1810-1818. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1796)

Tajar, A. et al. (2010) Characteristics of primary, secondary and compensated hypogonadism in ageing men: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), pp. 1810-1818. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1796)

Trueman, P. et al. (2010) Long-term cost-effectiveness of weight management in primary care. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(6), pp. 775-783. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02349.x)

Astrup, A., Rossner, S., Van Goal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M.F. and Lean, M.E.J. (2009) Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet, 374(9701), pp. 1606-1616. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61375-1)

Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Lean, M., Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2009) In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47(8), pp. 1180-1189. (doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.031)

Mullen, W. , Borges, G.,, Donovan, J.L., Edwards, C.A. , Serafini, M., Lean, M.E.J. and Crozier, A. (2009) Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(6), pp. 1784-1791. (doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27339) (PMID:19403635)

Macfarlane, G. et al. (2009) Investigating the determinants of international differences in the prevalence of chronic widespread pain: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(5), pp. 690-695. (doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.089417)

Lee, D. et al. (2009) Vitamin D parathyroid hormone and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older European men. European Journal of Endocrinology, 161(6), pp. 947-954.

Mackenzie, M. , Koshy, P., Leslie, W., Lean, M. and Hankey, C. (2009) Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of nutritional intervention during smoking cessation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(9), pp. 1136-1142. (doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.38)

McBeth, J. et al. (2009) Perturbed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 are not associated with chronic widespread pain in men: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Rheumatology, 36(11), pp. 2523-2530. (doi: 3899/jrheum.090113)

Ross, H.M., Laws, R., Reckless, J. and Lean, M.E.J. (2008) Evaluation of the counterweight programme for obesity management in primary care: a starting point for continuous improvement. British Journal of General Practice, 58(553), pp. 548-554.

McQuigg, M. et al. (2008) Influence of body mass index on prescribing costs and potential cost savings of a weight management programme in primary care. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 13(3), pp. 158-166. (doi: 10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007140)

Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Hart, C.L., McConnachie, A. , Upton, M.N., Lean, M. and Watt, G. (2008) Contribution of midparental BMI and other determinants of obesity in adult offspring. Obesity, 16(6), pp. 1388-1393. (doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.211)

Akbartabartoori, M., Lean, M. and Hankey, C.R. (2008) The associations between current recommendation for physical activity and cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(1), pp. 1-9. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602693)

Counterweight Project Team, , Ross, H., Laws, R., Reckless, J., Lean, M., Morrison, D. and Sloan, W. (2008) Evaluation of the Counterweight Programme for obesity management in primary care: a starting point for continuous improvement. British Journal of General Practice, 58(553), pp. 548-554. (doi: 10.3399/bjgp08X319710)

Ebrahimi-Mameghani, M., Scott, J., Der, G., Lean, M. and Burns, C. (2008) Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(10), pp. 1208-1214. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602839)

Gauliard, B., Grieve, D., Wilson, R., Crozier, A., Jenkins, C., Mullen, W. and Lean, M. (2008) The effects of dietary phenolic compounds on cytokine and antioxidant production by a549 cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 11(2), pp. 382-384. (doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.593)

Lean, M. (2008) Trading regulations and health foods. British Medical Journal, 337,

Lean, M., Mann, J., Hoek, J., Elliot, R. and Schofield, G. (2008) Translational research. British Medical Journal, 337(7672),

Lean, M. and Wiseman, M. (2008) Malnutrition in hospitals - Still common because screening tools are underused and poorly enforced. British Medical Journal, 336(7639), p. 290.

McQuigg, M. et al. (2008) The Counterweight programme: Prevalence of CVD risk factors by body mass index and the impact of 10% weight change. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice, 2(1), pp. 15-27.

Mercer, S.W. and Lean, M. (2008) Request for slimming tablets. British Medical Journal, 337, a1287. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1287)

Mullen, W. , Rouanet, J.-M., Auger, C., Teissèdre, P.-L., Caldwell, S.T. , Hartley, R.C. , Lean, M.E.J. , Edwards, C.A. and Crozier, A. (2008) Bioavailability of [2-14C]Quercetin-4′-glucoside in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(24), pp. 12127-12137. (doi: 10.1021/jf802754s)

Lara, J.J., Economou, M., Wallace, A.M., Rumley, A., Lowe, G., Slater, C., Caslake, M., Sattar, N. and Lean, M.E.J. (2007) Benefits of salmon eating on traditional and novel vascular risk factors in young, non-obese healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis, 193(1), pp. 213-221. (doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.06.018)

Borges, G., Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Lean, M., Roowi, S. and Rouanet, J. (2007) The bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins in rats. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51, pp. 714-725. (doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700024)

Hankey, C.R., Lean, M.E.J. and Leslie, W.S. (2007) Weight gain as an adverse effect of some commonly prescribed drugs: a systematic review. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 100, pp. 395-404. (doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm044)

Lean, M. and Mullan, A. (2007) Obesity: Which drug and when? International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61, pp. 1555-1560. (doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01459.x)

Lean, M. (2007) Weight gain from common drugs - Response. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 100(10), pp. 664-666.

Akbartabartoori, M., Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2006) Smoking combined with overweight or obesity markedly elevates cardiovascular risk factors. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 13, pp. 938-946.

Alberti, G., Gruer, L., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity - can we turn the tide? British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1261-1264.

Avenell, A., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Management: Part I - Behaviour change, diets and activity. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 740-743.

Finer, N. and Lean, M. (2006) ABC of obesity - Management: Part II - Drugs. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 794-797.

Han, T., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Assessment of obesity and its clinical implications. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 695-698.

Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W., Wallace, F. and Woodward, M. (2006) Unidentified under-nutrition: dietary intake and anthropometric indices in a residential care home population. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19, pp. 343-347.

Haslam, D., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity - time to wake up. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 640-642.

Hill, J., Lara, J. and Lean, M. (2006) ABC of obesity - Strategies for preventing obesity. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 959-962.

Koulouri, A., Lean, M. and Tigbe, W. (2006) The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19, pp. 263-266.

Lawlor, D., Lean, M. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity and vascular disease. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1060-1063.

Lean, M., McArdle, C., McMillan, D. and Sattar, N. (2006) ABC of obesity - Obesity and cancer. British Medical Journal, 333, pp. 1109-1111. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39042.565035.BE1)

De Bruin, T. et al. (2005) Effect of three treatment schedules of recombinant methionyl human leptin on body weight in obese adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 7(6), pp. 755-761. (doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00468.x) (PMID:16219020)

Lara, J., Murray, L., Carter, R., Stuart, R. and Lean, M. (2005) Weight changes after vertical banded gastroplication. Scottish Medical Journal, 50(2), pp. 58-60.

Akbartabartoori, M., Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2005) Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape. International Journal of Obesity, 29, pp. 236-243. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802827)

Anderson, A., Bradby, H., Bush, H., Lea, E., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2005) Evolution of atherogenic diets in South Asian and Italian women after migration to a higher risk region. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18, pp. 33-43.

Barth, J.H. et al. (2005) The impact of obesity on drug prescribing in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 55, pp. 743-749.

Barth, J. et al. (2005) Empowering primary care to tackle the obesity epidemic: the Counterweight Programme. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, S93-S100. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602180)

Baxter, G., Connolly, M., Kelly, C., Lean, M., McCreadie, R., Paterson, J. and Williams, S. (2005) Dietary improvement in people with schizophrenia - Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, pp. 346-351.

Cotton, M., Fuld, J., Kilduff, L., Lean, M., Neder, J., Pitsiladis, Y. and Ward, S. (2005) Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 60, pp. 531-537. (doi: 10.1136/thx.2004.030452)

Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Duthie, S., Higgins, S., Howie, M., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Tsang, C. (2005) The influence of moderate red wine consumption on antioxidant status and indices of oxidative stress associated with CHD in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition, 93, pp. 233-240. (doi: 10.1079/BJN20041311)

Gates, E., Han, T., Lean, M. and Truscott, E. (2005) Clothing size as an indicator of adiposity, ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular risks. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 18, pp. 423-430.

Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2005) Aspartame and its effects on health - Reply. British Medical Journal, 330(7486), p. 310.

Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and McCombie, L. (2005) Weight management: a survey of current practice in secondary care NHS settings in 2004. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 11, pp. 462-467. (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00552.x)

Lean, M. (2005) Prognosis in obesity - Obesity in severe mental illness poses particular problems - Reply. British Medical Journal, 331(7514), p. 453.

Lean, M. (2005) Prognosis in obesity - We all need to move a little more, eat a little less. British Medical Journal, 330(7504), 1339-+.

Anderson, A. and Lean, M. (2004) The nature of evidence. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17(4), pp. 291-292.

Barth, J. et al. (2004) Current approaches to obesity management in UK Primary Care: the Counterweight Programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17, pp. 183-190.

Barth, J. et al. (2004) A new evidence-based model for weight management in primary care: the Counterweight Programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17, pp. 191-208.

Bates, C., Lean, M., Mansoor, M. and Prentice, A. (2004) Nutrient intakes; biochemical and risk indices associated with Type 2 diabetes and glycosylated haemoglobin, in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over. Diabetic Medicine, 21, pp. 677-684. (doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01228.x)

Brighenti, F., Burns, J., Crozier, A., Del, R., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Stewart, A. (2004) HPLC-MSn analysis of phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids in green and black tea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 2807-2815. (doi: 10.1021/jf0354848)

Crozier, A., Huxley, R., John, J., Lean, M. and Neil, H. (2004) Effect of dietary advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma flavonol concentrations: results from a randomised controlled intervention trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 288-289. (doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.014274)

Currall, J., Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and Matthews, D. (2004) A transferable programme of nutritional counselling for rehabilitation following myocardial infarction: a randomised controlled study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58, pp. 778-786. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601876)

De, S. and Lean, M. (2004) Schizophrenia and osteoporosis. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, pp. 31-35. (doi: 10.1097/01.yic.0000102047.13671.a8)

Eley, S., Hankey, C., Hunter, C., Lean, M. and Leslie, W. (2004) Eating habits, beliefs, attitudes and knowledge among health professionals regarding the links between obesity, nutrition and health. Public Health Nutrition, 7, pp. 337-343. (doi: 10.1079/PHN2003526)

Hankey, C. and Lean, M. (2004) Aspartame and its effects on health. British Medical Journal, 329(7469), pp. 755-756.

Lara, I. and Lean, M. (2004) Is Atkins dead (again)? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 14(2), pp. 61-65.

Lara, J., Scott, J. and Lean, M. (2004) Intentional mis-reporting of food consumption and its relationship with body mass index and psychological scores in women. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17(3), pp. 209-218.

Crozier, A., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Yokota, T. (2003) Analysis of ellagitannins and conjugates of ellagic acid and quercetin in raspberry fruits by LC-MSn. Phytochemistry, 64, pp. 617-624. (doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00281-4)

Dibben, M.R. and Lean, M.E.J. (2003) Achieving compliance in chronic illness management: illustrations of trust relationships between physicians and nutrition clinic patients. Health, Risk and Society, 5, pp. 241-258. (doi: 10.1080/13698570310001606950)

Gonzalez-Villalpando, C., Haffner, S., Han, T., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2003) Prospective relation of C-reactive protein with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(5), pp. 1657-1658.

Lara, J., Lean, M. and Tsofliou, F. (2003) Dietary fat and obesity: increasing concern or old hat? European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 105(8), pp. 389-390.

Lean, M. (2003) The implementation of nutritional advice for people with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 20(10), pp. 783-785.

Lean, M. and Pajonk, F. (2003) Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs: Another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(11), pp. 3202-3203.

Lean, M., Rissanen, A., Rossner, S., Segal, K. and Sjostrom, L. (2003) Predictive value of early weight loss in obesity management with orlistat: an evidence-based assessment of prescribing guidelines. International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 103-109. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802165)

Lean, M., Anderson, A., Morrison, C. and Currall, J. (2003) Evaluation of a Dietary Targets Monitor. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57, pp. 667-673. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601596)

Lean, M., Malkova, D. , Pitsiladis, Y., Tsofliou, F. and Wallace, A. (2003) Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite-satiety measures in obese women. International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 1332-1339. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802406)

Lean, M. and Pajonk, F. (2003) Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs - Another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 1597-1605.

Stone, P. et al. (2003) Cancer-related fatigue - a difference of opinion? Results of a multicentre survey of healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers. European Journal of Cancer Care, 12, pp. 20-27. (doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2354.2003.00329.x)

Anderson, A., Lean, M. and Roos, G. (2002) Dietary interventions in Finland, Norway and Sweden: nutrition policies and strategies. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, pp. 99-110.

Ashihara, H., Burns, J., Crozier, A., Lean, M. and Yokota, T. (2002) Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 3337-3340. (doi: 10.1021/jf0112973)

Burns, J., Crozier, A., Landrault, N., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Teissedre, P. (2002) Variations in the profile and content of anthocyanins in wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon and hybrid grapes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 4096-4102. (doi: 10.1021/jf011233s)

Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Gardner, P., Lean, M., Mullen, W. and Stewart, A. (2002) Effect of freezing and storage on the phenolics, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of red raspberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 5197-5201. (doi: 10.1021/jf020141f)

Crozier, A., Lean, M. and Mullen, W. (2002) Rapid characterization of anthocyanins in red raspberry fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to single quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 966, pp. 63-70.

Crozier, A., Duthie, G.G., Gardner, P., Lean, M.E.J., MacLean, M.R., McGinn, J., Mullen, W. and Yokota, T. (2002) Ellagitannins, flavonoids, and other phenolics in red raspberries and their contribution to antioxidant capacity and vasorelaxation properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 5191-5196. (doi: 10.1021/jf020140n)

Currall, J., Hankey, C., Lean, M., Leslie, W. and Matthews, D. (2002) Weight change after myocardial infarction: statistical perspectives for future study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, pp. 439-444.

Gonzalez-Villalpando, C., Haffner, S., Han, T., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2002) Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care, 25, pp. 2016-2021.

Haffner, S., Han, T., Hunt, K., Lean, M., Sattar, N. and Williams, K. (2002) Analysis of obesity and Hyperinsulinemia in the development of metabolic syndrome: San Antonio Heart Study. Obesity Research, 10, pp. 923-931.

Han, T. and Lean, M. (2002) Waist worries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(4), pp. 699-700.

Hankey, C., Leslie, W.S. and Lean, M.E.J. (2002) Why lose weight? Reasons for seeking weight loss by overweight but otherwise healthy men. International Journal of Obesity, 26, pp. 880-882. (doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801999)

Hankey, C.R., Lean, M.E.J. , Lowe, G.D.O., Rumley, A. and Woodward, M. (2002) Effects of moderate weight loss on anginal symptoms and indices of coagulation and fibrinolysis in overweight patients with angina pectoris. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56(10), pp. 1039-1045.

Anderson, A., Bradby, H., Bush, H., Han, T., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2001) Ethnic differences in anthropometric and lifestyle measures related to coronary heart disease risk between South Asian, Italian and general-population British women living in the west of Scotland. International Journal of Obesity, 25, pp. 1800-1805.

Anderson, A., Bush, H., Lean, M. and Williams, R. (2001) Body image and weight consciousness among South Asian, Italian and general population women in Britain. Appetite, 37, pp. 207-215. (doi: 10.1006/appe.2001.0424)

Anderson, A. and Lean, M. (2001) Diabetes - high time to assess dietetic effectiveness. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 14(6), pp. 421-422.

Burns, J., Crozier, A., Duthie, G., Gardner, P., Lean, M. and Matthews, D. (2001) Extraction of phenolics and changes in antioxidant activity of red wines during vinification. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, pp. 5797-5808. (doi: 10.1021/jf010682p)

Burns, J., Crozier, A. and Lean, M.E.J. (2001) Alcohol consumption and mortality: Is wine different from other alcoholic beverages? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 11, pp. 249-258.

Bush, H., Williams, R., Lean, M.E.J. and Anderson, A. (2001) Body image and weight consciousness among South Asian, Italian, and general population women in Britain. Appetite, 37(3), pp. 207-215. (doi: 10.1006/appe.2001.0424)

Campbell, S., Danesh, B., Doherty, E., Lean, M., Maxwell, P., Rahman, M. and Timms, P. (2001) Effect of alcohol withdrawal on liver transaminase levels and markers of liver fibrosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 16(11), pp. 1254-1259.

Clifford, M.N., Lean, M., Rice-Evans, C.A., Riemersma, R.A. and Tyrrell, R.M. (2001) Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular health. QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians, 94(5), pp. 277-282.

Lean, M.E.J., Hans, T., Anderson, A.S., Bradby, H. and Williams, R. (2001) Ethnic differences in anthropometric and lifestyle measures related to coronary heart disease risk between South Asian, Italian and general population British women living in the West of Scotland. International Journal of Obesity, 25(12), pp. 1800-1805.

Lean, M. (2001) How does sibutramine work? International Journal of Obesity, 25, S8-S11.

Sattar, N. , Clark, P., Holmes, A., Lean, M., Walker, I. and Greer, I. (2001) Antenatal waist circumference and hypertension risk. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 97, pp. 268-271.

Lean, M. (2000) Obesity: Burdens of illness and strategies for prevention or management. Drugs of Today, 36(11), pp. 773-784.

Books

Lean, M. E.J. and Combet, E. (2017) Barasi's Human Nutrition: A Health Perspective [3rd Edition]. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton. ISBN 9781444137200

Book Sections

Kopelman, P., Hughes, A., Hankey, C., Lean, M. , Gahagan, A. and Stewart, L. (2018) Introduction. In: Hankey, C. and Whelan, K. (eds.) Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity. Series: Advanced nutrition and dietetics (BDA). Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, pp. 1-37. ISBN 9780470670767 (doi: 10.1002/9781118857991.ch1)

Lean, M. (2017) Diagnostic criteria and assessment of obesity in adults. In: Hankey, C. and Whelan, K. (eds.) Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity. Wiley Blackwell, pp. 24-30. ISBN 9780470670767

Lara, J. and Lean, M. (2016) Salmon and vascular risk in young healthy subjects. In: Fish and Fish Oil in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press, pp. 207-215. ISBN 9780128028445 (doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802844-5.00019-1)

Lean, M. E.J. (2014) Childhood habits and the obesity epidemic. In: Haslam, D. W., Sharma, A. M. and le Roux, C. W. (eds.) Controversies in Obesity. Springer: London, pp. 31-43. (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2834-2_5)

Lean, M.E.J. , Ashihara, H., Clifford, M. and Crozier, A. (2012) Teas, cocoa and coffee. In: Crozier, A., Ashihara, H. and Tomas-Barberan, F. (eds.) Teas, Cocoa and Coffee: Plant secondary metabolites and health. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: UK, pp. 25-44. ISBN 9781444334418

Lean, M.E.J. , Ashihara, H., Clifford, M.N. and Crozier, A. (2012) Purine alkaloids: a focus on caffeine and related compounds in beverages. In: Crozier, A., Ashihara, H. and Tomás-Barbéran, F. (eds.) Teas, Cocoa and Coffee: Plant Secondary Metabolites and Health. Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK, pp. 25-44. ISBN 9781444334418

Lean, M. (2010) Health consequences of overweight and obesity in adults. In: Crawford, D., Jeffery, R., Ball, K. and Brug, J. (eds.) Obesity Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, pp. 43-58. ISBN 9780199571512

Conference or Workshop Item

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Estimating the Extent of the Morbidly Obese Population in Scotland. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Literature Review of the Economic Burden Associated with Severe and Complicated Obesity. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Grieve, E. , Fenwick, E. and Lean, M. (2012) Statistical Analysis to Establish the Economic Burden Associated with Severe and Complicated Obesity. European Congress on Obesity (ECO2012), Lyon, France, 9-12 May 2012.

Website

Lean, M. and Campbell, A. (2018) Is research in jails the way to end wars over dietary guidance? [Website]

This list was generated on Thu Nov 21 14:28:40 2024 GMT.

Grants

Grants and Awards listed are those received whilst working with the University of Glasgow.

  • REDIRECT: REmote Diet Intervention to REduce long Covid symptoms Trial
    National Institute for Health Research
    2021 - 2023
     
  • HoDiRECT- Nepal: a food based intervention for type 2 diabetes remission in hospital patients with type 2 diabetes
    All Saints Educational Trust
    2021 - 2023
     
  • 'EXPRESSO' - Exploring the prevalence, Service Utilisation and patient experience for Severe Obesity
    All Saints Educational Trust
    2019 - 2020
     
  • DiRECT diabetes remission trial: analysis of GLP-1 and other hormones to determine differences between those who do and do not maintain weight loss.
    Cambridge Weight Plan Limited
    2019 - 2020
     
  • Increased colonic propionate as a method of preventing weight gain in young adults
    National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
    2018 - 2021
     
  • Prevention of excess weight-gaine in young people: development of a risk-prediction self-assessment quiz
    All Saints Educational Trust
    2017 - 2018
     
  • SouTh AsiaN Diabetes remission feasiBility study (STANDby)
    Miss M J M Smith Trust
    2017 - 2018
     
  • Reversal of T2DM to normal glucose tolerance using non-surgical weight management with low-energy liquid- diet and long-term maintenance, within routine NHS care: study extension
    Diabetes UK
    2017 - 2020
     
  • Counterweight Plus Data Collection Project
    Cambridge Weight Plan Limited
    2017 - 2017
     
  • Making healthy tasty - improving uptake of healthy lunches for school pupils
    Innovate UK
    2014 - 2014
     
  • Reversal of T2DM to normal glucose tolerance using non-surgical weight management with low-energy-liquid-diet and long-term maintenance, within routine NHS care.
    Diabetes UK
    2014 - 2018
     
  • SurgiCal Obesity Treatment Study (SCOTS)
    National Institute for Health Research
    2012 - 2026
     
  • Inter-individual variations in the colonic metabolism of flavonols
    Tenovus Scotland
    2010 - 2012
     
  • Prevalence of low and marginal iodine status in women of child-bearing age and influence of goitrogen-rich food intake
    Glasgow Children`s Hospital Charity
    2010 - 2011
     
  • Does intra-abdominal fat accumulation induce intrasphincteric acid reflux and metaplasia at gastro-oesophageal junction?
    Scottish Executive Health Department
    2009 - 2012
     
  • Reducing false-positives in the HVA assay for the diagnosis of catecholamine-secreting tumours: Possible dietary interference
    Scottish Executive Health Department
    2008 - 2009
     
  • Food Choice and changes in body weight and shape in those attempting smoking cessation
    Food Standards Agency
    2007 - 2010
     
  • Does oral creatine supplementation enhance recovery from COPD exacerbation?
    Scottish Executive Health Department
    2007 - 2008
     
  • An investigation of the predictive value of the measurement of upright free-living physical activity in determining the risk factors of heart disease - a pilot study.
    Scottish Executive Health Department
    2005 - 2006
     
  • Is iron status in dieting pre-menopausal women affected by red meat consumption?
    Meat and Livestock Commission
    2005 - 2006
     
  • Are the effects of moderate exercise on postprandial metabolism influenced by energy deficit?
    Tenovus Scotland
    2004 - 2006
     
  • Do bioactive compounds in raspberries affect macrophage function in patients with stable chronic COPD?
    Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland
    2004 - 2006
     
  • Small changes in physical activity and diet to avoid weight gain
    Leverhulme Trust
    2004 - 2005
     
  • An investigation of the functional significance of a genetic predisposition to human obesity
    Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
    2003 - 2005
     
  • Identification and Assessment of Nutritional Relevance of Antioxidant Compounds From Soft Fruit Species
    Scottish Government
    1999 - 2006
     

Prof Mike Lean